Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an African American civil rights activist, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement" This Presentation highlights the leadership qualities of her.

2. CONTENT
• Aim
• Introduction
• Early Life and Education
• Political Life
• Leadership Qualities
• Legacy and Honors
• Later Life
• Questions and Answers

3. AIM
The Aim of the presentation is to highlight and
emphasize the leadership qualities of Rosa
Parks and to inculcate those qualities in our
lives.

4. INTRODUCTION
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks or Rosa Parks was born in
February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama.
She was an African American Civil Rights Activist, whom the
U.S Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the
mother of the freedom movement".

5. Her refusal to surrender her seat to a white passenger on a
Montgomery, Alabama bus spurred a city-wide boycott. The
city of Montgomery had no choice but to lift the law requiring
segregation on public buses.

6. EARLY LIFE & EDUCATION
Rosa Parks's childhood brought her early experiences with
racial discrimination and activism for racial equality and
activism for racial equality.
After her parents separated, Rosa's mother moved the family
to Pine Level, Alabama to live with her parents, Rose and
Sylvester Edwards both former slaves and strong advocates
for racial equality; the family lived on the Edwards' farm,
where Rosa would spend her youth
Signature of Rosa Parks

7. Young Rosa Parks in a NAACP Get –Together. Martin Luther
King is seen in the background

8. She attended segregated schools in Montgomery, including
the city's Industrial School for Girls beginning at age 11.
Young Rosa Parks in a family get together in 1927

9. In 1929, while in the 11th grade and attending a laboratory
school for secondary education led by the Alabama State
Teachers College for Negroes, Rosa left school and got a job at
a shirt factory in Montgomery.
Young Rosa Parks in a NAACP Get –Together. Martin Luther
King is seen in the background

10. In 1932, at age 19, Rosa met and married Raymond Parks, a
barber and an active member of the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People.
Young Rosa Parks in a NAACP Get –Together. Martin Luther
King is seen in the background

11. With Raymond's support, Rosa earned her high school degree
in 1933. She soon became actively involved in civil rights
issues by joining the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP in
1943, serving as the chapter's youth leader as well as
secretary to NAACP E.D Nixon, a post she held until 1957.
Rosa Parks accompanied to the court by E.Nixon and members on the
NAACP

12. POLITICAL LIFE
One day in 1943, Parks boarded the bus and paid the fare. She
then moved to her seat but driver James F. Blake told her to
follow city rules and enter the bus again from the back door.
Parks exited the bus, but before she could re-board at the rear
door, Blake drove off, leaving her to walk home in the rain.

13. After working all day, Parks boarded the Cleveland Avenue
bus around 6 p.m., Thursday, December 1, 1955, in downtown
Montgomery. She paid her fare and sat in an empty seat in
the first row of back seats reserved for blacks in the "colored"
section. Near the middle of the bus, her row was directly
behind the ten seats reserved for white passengers.

14. The Montgomery City Code required that all public transportation be
segregated and that bus drivers had the "powers of a police officer of the city
while in actual charge of any bus for the purposes of carrying out the
provisions" of the code. While operating a bus, drivers were required to
provide separate but equal accommodations for white and black passengers
by assigning seats. This was accomplished with a line roughly in the middle of

15. Initially, she did not notice that the bus driver was the same
man, James F. Blake, who had left her in the rain in 1943. As
the bus traveled along its regular route, all of the white-only
seats in the bus filled up. The bus reached the third stop in
front of the Empire Theater, and several white passengers
boarded.

16. Blake noted that the front of the bus was filled with white
passengers, with two or three standing. He moved the
"colored" section sign behind Parks and demanded that four
black people give up their seats in the middle section so that
the white passengers could sit.
Parks moved, but toward the window seat; she did not get up
to move to the redesignated colored section. Blake said, "Why
don't you stand up?" Parks responded, "I don't think I should
have to stand up." Blake called the police to arrest Parks

17. ous mug shot of Rosa Parks .this appeared as a slogan in Black American Campaigns after
Incident was over and the whole case was settled down.

18. The Transcript and the Arrest Report of Rosa Parks

19. The police report of Rosa Parks being arrested

20. ngerprints taken on the day of Rosa Parks being arrested. The original documents are kept
Rosa Parks memorial museum, Alabama.

21. Parks was charged with a violation of Chapter 6, Section 11
segregation law of the Montgomery City code, although
technically she had not taken a white-only seat; she had been
in a colored section. Edgar Nixon, president of the
Montgomery chapter of the NAACP and leader of the Pullman
Porters Union, and her friend Clifford Durr bailed Parks out of
jail the next evening.
King wrote in his 1958 book Stride Toward
Freedom that Parks' arrest was the
precipitating factor, rather than the cause, of
the protest: "The cause lay deep in the record
of similar injustices…. Actually, no one can
understand the action of Mrs. Parks unless he
realizes that eventually the cup of endurance
runs over, and the human personality cries
out, 'I can take it no longer.'"

22. E.D. Nixon, shown here with his son, E.D. Nixon Jr., also known as Nick LaTour,
was one of Montgomery’s civil rights pioneers. (Contributed)

23. Rosa Parks in the same bus on the same seat she was on the day she was arrested.

24. Montgomery bus boycott was also the inspiration for the bus boycott in the township of Alexa
outh Africa which was one of the key events in the radicalization of the black majority of that
leadership of the African National Congress.

25. Nixon and Martin Lurther King conducted many gatherings to assist Rosa Parks and the Bo

27. The boycott lasted 382 days and brought Mrs. Parks, Dr. King,
and their cause to the attention of the world. A Supreme
Court Decision struck down the Montgomery ordinance under
which Mrs. Parks had been fined, and outlawed racial
segregation on public transportation.

28. Parks on her day of arrestment. This incident paved way to a massive boycott
which led the whole US government
Abide new laws in apartheid movements.

29. Parks on a Montgomery bus on December 21, 1956, the day Montgomery's
public transportation system was legally integrated. Behind Parks is Nicholas
C. Chriss, a UPI reporter covering the event.

30. She had developed a very strong relationship with the activist
at that time along with her husband being a member of the
NCAAP.their assistance was immensely given once Rosa Parks
was arrested.E.D Nixon, Martin Luther King Jr. were always
there for her in all the time.

31. They were always behind the scene very actively. in
coordinating the boycott and organizing anti-apartheid
campaigns all around the US. in Mrs. Park’s case, the black
leaders got themselves involved in the case seriously. and E.D
Nixon was arrested twice during the 382days of boycott until
the court justified their appeal.

32. After her arrest, Parks became an icon of the Civil Rights Movement but
suffered hardships as a result. Due to economic sanctions used against
activists, she lost her job at the department store. Her husband quit his job
after his boss forbade him to talk about his wife or the legal case. Parks

33. Rosa Parks on a guest visit to the international summit of Social Community
Servants in Japan

34. Rosa Parks with the prime minister of Japan at the international Summit of
Social Community Servants in Japan

35. Rosa Parks with Martin Luther King Jr.

36. 857 bus on which Parks was riding before her arrest (a GM "old-look" transit bus, serial num
is now a museum exhibit at the Henry Ford Museum.

37. LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
She let her ACTIONS speak for her.
Instead ranting and raving about things, she just quietly took
action and gave new truth to the notion that
"ACTIONS SPEAK LOUDER THAN WORDS"
Long before her now famous action on the bus, she
demonstrated her quiet strength in working to change things
that were unjust for the sake of others.

38. She didn't stop with one action.
Rosa Parks spent a lifetime quietly going about using her
influence for good. She stayed true to her convictions. Rosa
Parks story is American history.
Her arrest and trial, a 381-day Montgomery bus boycott, and,
finally, the Supreme Court's ruling in November 1956 that
segregation on transportation is unconstitutional
But moreover, her determination to work for others became
the catalyst for change throughout her life.

39. Rosa Parks expressing her ideas at an Interview

40. Books written in memory of Rosa Parks

43. Parks played a huge part in internationalizing the awareness of
the nature of life for African Americans at that time.
After her role in the boycott Parks became an icon for the Civil
Rights movement. This didn’t come without sacrifice; Parks lost her
job and her husband quit after his boss ordered him not to discuss
his wife’s legal case.
In 1957 Parks left Montgomery, largely to find work but also
because of disagreements with King and other leaders of the ailing
civil rights movement. She moved to Virginia and worked as a
seamstress until 1965 when she became a secretary for the African-
American US Representative John Conyers

44. Rosa became very famous in all the US and she was constantly invited as
guest speakers at numerous black American campaigns

45. She set the example of the power of feminine dignity.
With an undeniable sparkle in her eye, she presented herself
to the world with the beauty of dignity and grace. Always a
soft, warm smile and understated elegance seemed to follow
her presence whenever she showed up.
It was a presence that commanded respect and attention
without words...just by being a leader in her own right.

46. LEGACY AND HONORS
Councilwoman Joann Watson, from left, Lloyd Wesley, Jr., Detroit postmaster,
Elaine Eason Steele, co-founder of the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute
for Self Development, and Sen. Carl Levin applaud at the unveiling of the
Rosa Parksí 100th birthday commemorative postage stamp at the Museum
of African American History in Detroit on Monday, Feb. 4, 2013. The Rosa
Parks Forever Stamp went on sale Monday and was part of a series of
events scheduled throughout the day to honor her. AP Photo/The Detroit

47. The USPS issued its first civil rights stamp Jan 1.The series
wraps up in August with the dedication of a stamp recognizing
the 50th anniversary of the “March on Washington,” where
King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech.
The Parks stamp marks the second in a new civil rights
collection from the Postal Service.

48. 1976, Detroit renamed 12th Street "Rosa Parks Boulevard."
1979, the NAACP awarded Parks the Spingarn Medal, its
highest honor, 1980, she received the Martin Luther King Jr.
Award.1983, she was inducted into Michigan Women's Hall of
Fame for her achievements in civil rights. 1990, Parks was
invited to be part of the group welcoming Nelson Mandela
upon his release from prison in South Africa.

49. titled "The Bus Stop" at Dexter Avenue and Montgomery State the place Rosa Parks board
pays tribute to her and the success of the Montgomery bus boycott.

50. Rosa Parks Memorial Plaque in Alabama

51. The Rosa Parks Congressional Gold MStatue of Rosa Parks
in Statuary Hall in the
United States Capitol,
Washington, D.C.

52. The statue of Rosa Parks in the Museum Michigen, Ohio.made in memory of th

53. 1992, she received the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience
Award along with Benjamin Spock and others at the Kennedy
Library and Museum in Boston, Massachusetts.
1995, she received the Academy of Achievement's Golden
Plate Award in Williamsburg, Virginia.

54. Parks and U.S. President Bill Clinton

55. Rosa Parks receiving a honors honorary medal of state from the governor o

56. Rosa Parks receiving a honorary medal for her immense service as a social se

57. 1996, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom,
the highest honor given by the U.S. executive branch. 1998,
she was the first to receive the International Freedom
Conductor Award given by the National Underground Railroad
Freedom Center.

58. Barack Obama sitting on the bus.
Parks was arrested sitting in the same row Obama is in, but on the opposite side.

59. Rosa Parks Transit Center, Detroit

60. LATER YEARS

61. Parks resided in Detroit until she died of natural causes at the
age of 92 on October 24, 2005, in her apartment on the east
side of the city

62. She and her husband never had children and she outlived
her only sibling. She was survived by her sister-in-law, 13
nieces and nephews and their families, and several
cousins, most of them residents of Michigan or Alabama.
Since the founding in 1852 of the practice of lying in state
in the rotunda, Parks was the 31st person, the first
American who had not been a U.S. government official,
and the second private person (after the French planner
Pierre L'Enfant) to be honored in this way. She was the first
woman and the second black person to lie in state in the
Capitol.

63. When Parks died, her fame was such that ESPN noted her death on the "Bottom Line," I
on-screen ticker, on all of its networks. Usually, only information related to sports is found the

64. s spent her last years living quietly in Detroit, where she died in 2005 at the age of 92. After
her casket was placed in the rotunda of the United States Capitol for two days,
he nation could pay its respects to the woman whose courage had changed the lives of so m

65. References