it is a presentation made on statistics in real life.

2. CLASS :- X LOTUS
GROUP NO:- VI

3. Abhay
Ashish
Chirag
Harsh
Priyanka
Sachin

4. STATISTICS
It is a mathematical science pertaining to the
collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation,
and presentation of data. Also with prediction and
forecasting based on data.
Statistics form a key basis tool in business and
manufacturing as well. It is used to understand
measurement systems variability, control processes
for summarizing data, and to make data-driven
decisions.
Some fields of inquiry use applied statistics so
extensively that they have specialized terminology.
Ex- engineering statistics, social statistics,
statistics in sports, etc…

5. ORIGIN
The word ‘statistics’ and ‘statistical’ are
derived from the Latin word status,
means political state.

6. Statistics is concerned with scientific method for collecting and
presenting, organizing and summarizing and analyzing data as well as
deriving valid conclusions and making reasonable decisions on the
basis of this analysis.

7. Statistical methods date back at least to the
5th century BC.
Some scholars pinpoint the origin of
statistics to 1663, with the publication
of Natural and Political Observations
by John Graunt. Early applications of
statistical thinking revolved around the
needs of states to base policy on
demographic and economic data. The
scope of the discipline of statistics
broadened in the early 19th century to
include the collection and analysis of data
in general. Today, statistics is widely
employed in government, business, and
natural and social sciences.
Blaise Pascal, an early pioneer on the
mathematics of probability.

8. Its mathematical foundations were
laid in the 17th century with the
development of the probability
theory by Blaise Pascal and Pierre de
Fermat. Mathematical probability
theory arose from the study of
games of chance, although the
concept of probability was already
examined in medieval law and by
philosophers such as Juan
Caramuel. The method of least
squares was first described
by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1805.
Pierre de Fermat

9. At the turn of the century Sir Francis
Galton and Karl Pearson transformed
statistics into a rigorous mathematical
discipline used for analysis, not just in
science, but in industry and politics as well.
Galton's contributions to the field included
introducing the concepts of standard
deviation, correlation, regression and the
application of these methods to the study of the
variety of human characteristics Pearson
developed the Correlation coefficient, defined as
a product-moment, the method of moments for
the fitting of distributions to samples and
the Pearson's system of continuous curves,
among many other things. Karl Pearson, a founder of
mathematical statistics.

10. Today, statistics is widely employed in government, business,
and natural and social sciences.
Today, statistical methods are applied in all fields that involve
decision making, for making accurate inferences from a
collated body of data and for making decisions in the face of
uncertainty based on statistical methodology. The use of
modern computers has expedited large-scale statistical
computations, and has also made possible new methods that
are impractical to perform manually. Statistics continues to be
an area of active research, for example on the problem of how
to analyze big data.

11. INDUSTRIES AND BUSINESS
Report of early sales & comparison others.
It shows where the factory or its sales lack and where they
are good
AGRICULTURE
What amount of crops are grown this year in comparison to
previous year or in comparison to required amount of crop for
the country
Quality and size of grains grown due to use of different
fertilizer.

12. FORESTERY
How much growth has been occurred in area under forest or
how much forest has been depleted in last 5 years?
How much different species of flora and fauna have increased
or decreased in last 5 years?
EDUCATION
Money spend on girls education in comparison to boys
education?
Increase in no. of girl students who seated in who Seated for
different exams?
Comparison for result for last 10 years.

13. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES
Comparison of increasing impact of pollution on global
warming?
Increasing effect of nuclear reactors on environment?
MEDICAL STUDIES
No. of new diseases grown in last 10 year.
Increase in no. of patients for a particular disease.
SPORTS
Used to compare run rates of to different teams.
Used to compare to different players.

14. Nowadays graphs are used almost everywhere. In Stock
Market, graphs are used to determine the profit margins of
Stock.
There is always a graph showing how prices have changed over
time , unemployment figures , inflation , exchange rates ,
NASA space stories , global warming statistics , mortgage
lending figures , house price comparisons , inflation , budget
forecasts. taxation or pension forecasts, Food prices , and how
they have changed over time etc.
USE OF GRAPHS

15. Graphs are used to explain large amounts of data Medical
graphs are used to collect information about patients, such as
graphs showing a 1 to 10 pain scale for patients after surgery.
These charts can help doctors and nurses quickly assess the
effectiveness of pain medications and help doctors determine
when to adjust medications as needed for a patient's comfort.
In business, graphs are used to collect and present data used
to evaluate the effectiveness of sales campaigns and to assess
other aspects of daily business functions, such as comparing
expenses to revenues earned. it is used in rating the climate,
indicate money and sales chart, stock rates and other financial
stuff. it is used to rate annual sales figure. it is used in daily
news papers and magazine. it used in computer networking and
to rate our savings in year. it is used in surveys, monthly
budget, in presentations

16. The mean of a number of observations is the sum of the values of all the
observations divided by the total number of observations.
It is denoted by the symbol x , read as ‘x bar’.
Mean is used as one of the comparing properties of statistics. It is
defined as the average of all the clarifications.

17. It helps teachers to see the average marks of the
students.
It is used in factories, for the authorities to recognize
whether the benefits of the workers is continued or not.
It is also used to contrast the salaries of the workers.
To calculate the average speed of anything.
It is also used by the government to find the income or
expenses of any person.
The average daily expenditure in a month of a family
gives the concept of MEAN.
If in a tour, the total money spent by10 students is Rs.
500. Then the average money spent by each student is
Rs. 50. Here Rs. 50 is the mean.

18. The mode is that value of the observation which occurs most
frequently, i.e., an observation with the maximum frequency
is called the mode.

19. The no. of games succeeded by any team of players.
The frequency of the need of infants.
Used to find the number of the mode is also seen in
calculation of the wages, in the patients going to
the hospitals, the mode of travel etc.
A shopkeeper, selling shirts, keeps more stock of that
size of shirt which has more sale. Here the size of
that shirt is the mode among other .
A shopkeeper keeps more stock of a particular type of
shoe which has more sale. Here the concept of MODE
applies.

20. The median is that value of the given number of
observations, which divides it into exactly two parts.

21. It is used to measure the distribution of the
earnings
Used to find the players height e.g. football players.
To find the middle age from the class students.
Also used to find the poverty line.
If 15 people of different heights are standing
height-wise, then the middle man’s height is the
MEDIAN height.
If you have 25 people lined up next to each other by
age, the median age will be the age of the person in
the very middle. Here the age of the middle person
is the median.