SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  7
Honori Yamada
                                                                                      Bio 2
                                                                                 Sept/2/10
  Introduction:
         The cell membrane is a thin barrier of a cell which consists of proteins and a
  phospholipid bilayer. However, only particular materials are able to diffuse in and out of
  the cell membrane and this is due to its size, charge, and polarity. Diffusion is a
  movement of any substance or particle in which they move in areas from high
  concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached. Out of several ways of
  diffusion that are possible, simple diffusion only allows nonpolar substances such as
  oxygen and carbon dioxide (O2, CO2) to get across the cell membrane. There are other
  ways such as the active transport which allows only ion charged particles as well as the
  protein transports, which allows specific polar molecules such as water (H2O) to enter
  in and out of the cell membrane.
         Yet, most importantly, there is also a special case of diffusion of water known as
  osmosis. As it is shown on the figure 1 below, this diffusion uses the semi permeable
  membrane to let water molecules go through from area of high water potential to an
  area of lower water potential. The movement of water molecules moving out of the cell is
  known as plasmolysis. Oppositely, the movement of water molecules moving into the
  cell until it bursts is known as cytolysis. In this research, the experiment will be
                                                         investigated on whether the cause of
                                                         different temperature will affect the
                                                         diffusion between two substances.
                                                               Two solutions, 25% salt water
                                                       and normal tap water, will be used
                                                       throughout the experiment. In the
                                                       dialysis tubing, normal tap water will
                                                       be inserted and will be enclosed. On
                                                       the other hand, salt water will be
                                                       contained inside a beaker and will be
                                                       heated to a certain temperature degree.
                                                       Osmosis will occur when the dialysis
Figure 1: The basic movement of osmosis by its semi-   tubing is dropped into the beaker
permeable membrane.                                    filled with salt water.
         As the beaker contained solution is hypertonic, the water escaping out the
  dialysis tubing, or shrinking, can be predicted. Also, according to the collision theory of
  particles, it can be scientifically predicted that as temperature increases, the osmotic
  diffusion will occur easier and faster. Collision theory can be explained of how when
  temperature increases, the velocity or the energy of the particles in a solution will
  increase as well; which therefore increases the collision probability among the particles.
  Thus from this collision theory proposed by Max Trautz and William Lewis, it can be
  expected that plasmolysis will occur faster and easier accordingly as the temperature
  increases. (http://www.eoht.info/page/Collision+theory)
         From an internet source, a formula known as the Osmotic Pressure theory given
  by Van t’Hoff which describes the affect of osmosis according to different temperatures
  can be written as:
Honori Yamada
                                                                                      Bio 2
                                                                                 Sept/2/10
                                    π = c R T,                                           (1)

       where π indicates the osmotic pressure, c is the molecular concentration, R is the
gas constant, and T is the temperature. Van t’Hoff’s theory proves how the osmosis
pressure does not depend on the type of solute or the size of the molecules, but more of
the 2 factors of concentration and temperature. As the temperature increases, so will the
osmotic pressure. Similarly, as the concentration increases, so will the osmotic pressure.
(http://urila.tripod.com/) From equation 1, it can be predicted that as the temperature
increases, there will obviously be an effect on the osmotic pressure or in this
experimental case, the diffusion across the semi permeable membrane.


Design:
Research Question:
How will temperature affect the rate of diffusion between water and 25% salt water?
Table 1: Important Variables

Variable                        Type                            How
Temperature                     Independent Variable            Water bath, thermometer,
                                                                hot plate
Mass of dialysis tubing        Dependent Variable               Beaker, water
Size of dialysis tubing        Controlled Variable              Ruler measurement, scissor
Concentration of salt water Controlled Variable                 Electronic Balance, beaker,
   - Amount of salt                                             water, stirrer
   - Amount of water
Length of time                 Controlled Variable        Stopwatch
Size of Beaker                 Controlled Variable               -------------
▲Table 1: These are the important independent, dependent, and controlled variables
that are shown as well as the process of how it was done.
Materials:

   -   Dialysis Tube
   -   Hot Plate
   -   Beaker                                                       Figure 3: Dialysis tubing and 2 clamps
   -   Thermometer                                                  used through the experiment
   -   Dialysis tubing clamps
   -   Water
   -   Salt
   -   Electronic Balance
   -   Timer                  Figure 2: Electronic Balance used
   -   Graduated cylinder     to measure all the dialysis tubings
   -   Ice
   -   Large bowl
Honori Yamada
                                                                                              Bio 2
                                                                                         Sept/2/10
          Procedure:
          Step 1. Prepare 320 ml of 25% salt water solution in a beaker (300 water, 75g of salt)
          Step 2. Cut the Dialysis tubing into 13cm lengths and rub it in water for friction to get an
          opening
          Step 3. Close one side of the Dialysis tubing with a dialysis tubing clamps
          Step 4. Insert 30 ml of plain water into the Dialysis tubing and secure the other side
          with a green clip
          Step 5. Prepare the hot plate or an ice bowl to the given temperatures (0˚C, 15˚C, 30˚C,
          60˚C)
          Step 6. Place the beaker filled with 25% salt water onto the heating plate / ice bowl
          Step 7. Once the beaker reaches the certain temperature, keep it in a constant
          temperature and insert the Dialysis tubing
          Step 8. Time the experiment for 10 minutes
          Step 9. Remove the Dialysis Tubing and measure its mass on the measuring scale
          (repeat this 5 times for each 3 trials)
          Step 10. Later, repeat the whole process 3 times with the different given temperatures
          Step 11. After the experiment, calculate the averages of each 3 masses and its
          uncertainties


          Data Collection & Processing:

Table 2: Percent Change in Mass at Different Temperature

1°C         Initial          Result      Average of    Change in Mass       Percent          Average
            Weight(g)        Mass (g)    Masses (g)    (g)                  Change D=        Percent
            (A)                          (B)           C= B – A                              Change
                                                                            100
Trial 1          40.68        1) 39.50      39.60             -1. 08            - 2.65
                              2) 39.66
                              3) 39.60
                              4) 39.65
                              5) 39.57
Trial 2          42.49        1) 41.86       41.47             -1.02             -2.40
                              2) 41.68                                                        -2.46 ± 0.16
                              3) 41.43
                              4) 41.26
                              5) 41.20
Trial 3          42.12        1) 41.26       41.14            -0.98              -2.33
                              2) 41.15
                              3) 41.10
                              4) 41.12
                              5) 41.07
Honori Yamada
                                                                                            Bio 2
                                                                                       Sept/2/10
15°C        Initial         Result      Average of   Change in Mass       Percent         Average
            Weight(g)       Mass (g)    Masses (g)   (g)                  Change D=       Percent
            (A)                         (B)          C= B – A                             Change
                                                                          100
Trial 1          41.75       1) 40.16      39.98             -1.77            -4.24
                             2) 39.83
                             3) 40.23
                             4) 39.78
                             5) 39.90
Trial 2         41.04        1) 39.48      39.37            -1.67             -4.07
                             2) 39.32                                                      -4.21 ± 0.13
                             3) 39.02
                             4) 39.67
                             5) 39.35
Trial 3         40.55        1) 38.95      38.80             -1.75            -4.32
                             2) 38.96
                             3) 38.72
                             4) 38.71
                             5) 38.64

30°C        Initial         Result      Average of   Change in Mass       Percent         Average
            Weight(g)       Mass (g)    Masses (g)   (g)                  Change D=       Percent
            (A)                         (B)          C= B – A                             Change
                                                                          100
Trial 1          41.95       1) 40.53      39.98            -1.97             -4.70
                             2) 40.30
                             3) 40.19
                             4) 40.03
                             5) 40.09
Trial 2         42.22        1) 40.22      39.77            -2.45             -5.80
                             2) 39.91                                                      -5.56 ± 0.75
                             3) 39.73
                             4) 39.65
                             5) 39.35
Trial 3         43.62        1) 40.93      40.92            -2.70              -6.19
                             2) 41.09
                             3) 40.83
                             4) 40.95
                             5) 40.82

60°C        Initial         Result      Average of   Change in Mass       Percent         Average
            Weight(g)       Mass (g)    Masses (g)   (g)                  Change (%)      Percent
            (A)                         (B)          C= B – A             D=    100       Change (%)
Trial 1         40.05        1) 37.98      37.63            -2.42             -6.04
                             2) 37.95
                             3) 36.95
                             4) 37.73
                             5) 37.55
Trial 2          39.17       1) 36.88      34.78            -4.40             -11.23
                             2) 34.84                                                      -9.05 ± 2.17
                             3) 34.74
                             4) 34.65
                             5) 34.45
Trial 3         40.60        1) 36.93      36.59            -4.01             -9.89
                             2) 36.83
                             3) 36.55
                             4) 36.37
                             5) 36.25
          ▲Table 2: Five dialysis tubings were weighed for each three trials and the average
          percent change in each mass were calculated with uncertainties.
Honori Yamada
                                                                                 Bio 2
                                                                            Sept/2/10
Sample Calculations:
i.     Finding the Mean of all 5 result masses (trial 1 at temperature 1°C)
       = (result mass 1+result mass 2+result mass 3+result mass 4+result mass5)/5
       = (39.50 + 39.66 + 39.60 + 39.65 + 39.57) / 5
         39.60 (g)
ii.    Finding the Change in Mass (trial 1 at temperature 1°C)
       = Average of Result Mass – Initial Weight
       = 39.60 – 40.68
        -1. 08 (g)
iii.   Finding the Percentage Change (trial 1 at temperature 1°C)
       = Change in Mass / Initial Weight × 100
       = -1.08 / 40.68 × 100
        - 2.65 %
iv.    Finding the Average Percent Change at 1°C
       = Trial 1 Percent Change + Trial 2 Percent Change + Trial 3 Percent Change / 3
       = (- 2.65) + (-2.40) + (-2.33) / 3
        -2.46
v.     Calculating the Uncertainty at temperature 1°C
       = Range / 2
       = [(-2.65) + (-2.33)] / 2
        ± 0.16




Figure 4: The graph above shows how the percent change in mass is affected by the
different temperatures.
Honori Yamada
                                                                                     Bio 2
                                                                                Sept/2/10
Conclusion & Evaluation:
Conclusion:
       According to the graph in figure 4, the linear fit equation or the slope shows a
descending line. The slope which was -0.11 signifies how when the temperature
increases, the percent change in the mass of the dialysis tubing gets smaller. As the
percent change in the mass gets smaller at a high rate of temperature, this therefore
specifies a faster process of shrinking or hypertonic solution. The percent change in
mass after placing the dialysis tubing in 1°C shrunk by -2.46%. However, the percent
change in mass after placing the tubing in 60°C shrunk by -9.05%. Again, this can be
concluded as to how the percent change in mass of the dialysis tubing decreases as the
temperature rises.
      From figure 4, the correlation of the graph was shown as -0.9989 which is a
decent result and makes sense since the number is very close to -0.1. As the correlation
was very to -0.1, this means that there is a visible actual pattern or an effect of the
independent variable used throughout this experiment.
       The uncertainty of the graph above shows a difference in each average percent
change in mass. The experiment when placed in 1°C does not result with a huge
difference in uncertainty than when experimenting at 60°C. This is due to the
inconstant masses that resulted during the experiment during high temperatures. At
0°C, the uncertainty was ± 0.16, but the uncertainty resulted with ± 2.17 during the
experiment at 60°C.
Evaluation:
        Throughout this experiment, there was one big error which was the size of the
dialysis tubing. On the first day of the experiment, the medium size dialysis tubings
were used. However, it was on the second day in which it was discovered that there were
three sizes to the dialysis tubing. So the dialysis tubing used on the first day of the
experiment might have been the different size it was used during the second day of the
experiment. Although there were no major mass differences on the data results from the
first day of the experiment, there was a possibility that the size of the dialysis tubing
might have changed. This can be improved by carefully examining and by recording the
specific length, width and height for each dialysis tubings. This will prevent such
careless mistakes since all the specific measurement would be written for the continuing
day of the experiment.
        Along with the size of the dialysis tubing that was used, the accurate length of the
tubing might have not all been the same length. As the dialysis tubing was trimmed off
with a knife, the length of each side was not equally straight. This therefore might have
affected the average percent change in mass as a whole. Also, as the dialysis tubings
were trimmed into pieces, it was not double checked to make sure that they were all the
same sizes. For next time, scissors should be used for more accuracy with the length.
Also it would be better if each side of the dialysis tubings are marked so that the tubings
would be trimmed equally on both sides.
Honori Yamada
                                                                                       Bio 2
                                                                                  Sept/2/10
        As it is shown in table 3, another error that might have affected the inconstant
data results was the stability of the given temperatures. As a dialysis tubing was placed
in salt water for 10 minutes, there were some difficulties in keeping the temperature
stabled. A thermometer was placed in the beaker to keep the temperature stabled, but at
times the temperature increased and decreased by 1°C. So from the instability of
keeping the temperature at the same degree, the percent mass of the tubing might have
been affected overall. To prevent this from happening next time, an instrument known
as the constant temperature bath should be used to keep the temperature at a steady
degree. This we surely prevent the solution from increasing or decreasing the
temperature and therefore will not affect the overall result of the experiment.
        Tissue papers were used to dry and rescale the dialysis tubing five times for each
trial. As drying the tubings were rushed through so that time would not have affected
the results, properly drying the dialysis tubings each time was another error. Since some
measurements were too different from the other five measurements in the trial, it was
considered as an outlier. This was due to how inaccurate the dialysis tubings were dried
each time as some bits of water might have been still left in between the dialysis tubing
clamps. For a better accurate experiment, more time in drying each tubings should be
done. One person should be the dryer who constantly paper towel dries each dialysis
tubing the same way precisely.

Weakness                       How/what                   Solve
Size of dialysis tubing        Thought there was only     Look to see if there are any
                               type of dialysis tubing    other sizes by width of the
                               (width)                    dialysis tubing and recond
                                                          it somewhere on data
Length of dialysis          Trimmed with knife and        Mark each end sides of the
tubing                      used ruler                    dialysis tubing and cut with
                                                          scissors
Instability Temperature Used thermometer to keep          Use instrument known as
                            eye on exact temperature      constant temperature bath
Measurement error           Used tissue paper to          Accurately take more time
                            quickly dry out water         and dry each tubing in
                            surrounding the tubings       between small edges/gaps
▲Table 3: The different weaknesses that appeared during the experiment and how it
should be solved is shown

                 The Effect on Osmosis with Temperature

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Diffusion lab report
Diffusion lab reportDiffusion lab report
Diffusion lab reportleroy walker
 
Yeast Lab Report
Yeast Lab ReportYeast Lab Report
Yeast Lab Reportmarlita101
 
BIOLOGY SBA (LAB)
BIOLOGY SBA (LAB)BIOLOGY SBA (LAB)
BIOLOGY SBA (LAB)Cxc Sba
 
CSEC Physics Lab - Specific Heat Capacity
CSEC Physics Lab - Specific Heat Capacity CSEC Physics Lab - Specific Heat Capacity
CSEC Physics Lab - Specific Heat Capacity Ronaldo Degazon
 
Irp 3 cell respiration
Irp 3   cell respirationIrp 3   cell respiration
Irp 3 cell respirationRaeAnneSmith
 
Experiment 2 transport of materials across cell membranes and plant cell wate...
Experiment 2 transport of materials across cell membranes and plant cell wate...Experiment 2 transport of materials across cell membranes and plant cell wate...
Experiment 2 transport of materials across cell membranes and plant cell wate...Nadine Uy
 
ENVIRONMENTAL LAB REPORT - 6
ENVIRONMENTAL LAB REPORT - 6ENVIRONMENTAL LAB REPORT - 6
ENVIRONMENTAL LAB REPORT - 6Caleb Harmon
 
International baccalaureate biology sl investigation_osmosis by felix dyrek
International baccalaureate biology sl investigation_osmosis by felix dyrekInternational baccalaureate biology sl investigation_osmosis by felix dyrek
International baccalaureate biology sl investigation_osmosis by felix dyrekFelix Dyrek
 
CSEC Physics Lab - Cooling curve of candle wax
CSEC Physics Lab - Cooling curve of candle waxCSEC Physics Lab - Cooling curve of candle wax
CSEC Physics Lab - Cooling curve of candle waxRonaldo Degazon
 
CSEC Physics Lab - Half Life of liquid draining from burette
CSEC Physics Lab - Half Life of liquid draining from buretteCSEC Physics Lab - Half Life of liquid draining from burette
CSEC Physics Lab - Half Life of liquid draining from buretteRonaldo Degazon
 
Chemical reaction engineering
Chemical reaction engineeringChemical reaction engineering
Chemical reaction engineeringNurul Ain
 
How to write a plan and design experiment
How to write a plan and design experimentHow to write a plan and design experiment
How to write a plan and design experimentMalikah Hypolite
 
Seed Germination Lab Data For Writeup
Seed Germination Lab Data For WriteupSeed Germination Lab Data For Writeup
Seed Germination Lab Data For WriteupRobin McLean
 
Osmosis presentation
Osmosis presentationOsmosis presentation
Osmosis presentationKunal Singhal
 

Tendances (20)

Biology Lab Report 2
Biology Lab Report 2Biology Lab Report 2
Biology Lab Report 2
 
Chemistry Lab Report 3
Chemistry Lab Report 3Chemistry Lab Report 3
Chemistry Lab Report 3
 
Diffusion lab report
Diffusion lab reportDiffusion lab report
Diffusion lab report
 
Yeast Lab Report
Yeast Lab ReportYeast Lab Report
Yeast Lab Report
 
BIOLOGY SBA (LAB)
BIOLOGY SBA (LAB)BIOLOGY SBA (LAB)
BIOLOGY SBA (LAB)
 
CSEC Physics Lab - Specific Heat Capacity
CSEC Physics Lab - Specific Heat Capacity CSEC Physics Lab - Specific Heat Capacity
CSEC Physics Lab - Specific Heat Capacity
 
Irp 3 cell respiration
Irp 3   cell respirationIrp 3   cell respiration
Irp 3 cell respiration
 
Experiment 2 transport of materials across cell membranes and plant cell wate...
Experiment 2 transport of materials across cell membranes and plant cell wate...Experiment 2 transport of materials across cell membranes and plant cell wate...
Experiment 2 transport of materials across cell membranes and plant cell wate...
 
Biology Lab
Biology LabBiology Lab
Biology Lab
 
ENVIRONMENTAL LAB REPORT - 6
ENVIRONMENTAL LAB REPORT - 6ENVIRONMENTAL LAB REPORT - 6
ENVIRONMENTAL LAB REPORT - 6
 
International baccalaureate biology sl investigation_osmosis by felix dyrek
International baccalaureate biology sl investigation_osmosis by felix dyrekInternational baccalaureate biology sl investigation_osmosis by felix dyrek
International baccalaureate biology sl investigation_osmosis by felix dyrek
 
Biology Lab Report 3
Biology Lab Report 3Biology Lab Report 3
Biology Lab Report 3
 
Csec Physics lab manual
Csec Physics lab manualCsec Physics lab manual
Csec Physics lab manual
 
CSEC Physics Lab - Cooling curve of candle wax
CSEC Physics Lab - Cooling curve of candle waxCSEC Physics Lab - Cooling curve of candle wax
CSEC Physics Lab - Cooling curve of candle wax
 
CSEC Physics Lab - Half Life of liquid draining from burette
CSEC Physics Lab - Half Life of liquid draining from buretteCSEC Physics Lab - Half Life of liquid draining from burette
CSEC Physics Lab - Half Life of liquid draining from burette
 
Chemical reaction engineering
Chemical reaction engineeringChemical reaction engineering
Chemical reaction engineering
 
How to write a plan and design experiment
How to write a plan and design experimentHow to write a plan and design experiment
How to write a plan and design experiment
 
Seed Germination Lab Data For Writeup
Seed Germination Lab Data For WriteupSeed Germination Lab Data For Writeup
Seed Germination Lab Data For Writeup
 
Dialysis lab
Dialysis labDialysis lab
Dialysis lab
 
Osmosis presentation
Osmosis presentationOsmosis presentation
Osmosis presentation
 

Similaire à Independent Research Osmosis Lab

Presentation of Data Logger
Presentation of Data LoggerPresentation of Data Logger
Presentation of Data LoggerWan Nor Izzati
 
Independent Research Leaf Disc Photosynthesis Lab
Independent Research Leaf Disc Photosynthesis LabIndependent Research Leaf Disc Photosynthesis Lab
Independent Research Leaf Disc Photosynthesis LabHonori
 
Corrosive Base Responses And Oxidationreduction Responses
Corrosive Base Responses And Oxidationreduction ResponsesCorrosive Base Responses And Oxidationreduction Responses
Corrosive Base Responses And Oxidationreduction ResponsesNavy Savchenko
 
The Effects Of Salinity On Crops By Denielle Walters
The Effects Of Salinity On Crops By Denielle WaltersThe Effects Of Salinity On Crops By Denielle Walters
The Effects Of Salinity On Crops By Denielle WaltersLindsey Campbell
 
Effect Of Lowering The Freezing Point Of Water
Effect Of Lowering The Freezing Point Of WaterEffect Of Lowering The Freezing Point Of Water
Effect Of Lowering The Freezing Point Of WaterAngilina Jones
 
Osmosis and Cell.pdfOsmosis And Cell
Osmosis and Cell.pdfOsmosis And CellOsmosis and Cell.pdfOsmosis And Cell
Osmosis and Cell.pdfOsmosis And CellAndrea Lee
 
Isolation Of The Major Component Of Clove Oil
Isolation Of The Major Component Of Clove OilIsolation Of The Major Component Of Clove Oil
Isolation Of The Major Component Of Clove OilLakeisha Jones
 
Flavus Preparation Lab Report
Flavus Preparation Lab ReportFlavus Preparation Lab Report
Flavus Preparation Lab ReportLorie Harris
 
Chemistry Internal Assessment
Chemistry Internal AssessmentChemistry Internal Assessment
Chemistry Internal AssessmentRachel Valenzuela
 
Optimum Temperature Of Amylase
Optimum Temperature Of AmylaseOptimum Temperature Of Amylase
Optimum Temperature Of AmylaseNibadita Palmer
 
Energetically Synthesizing Solutes
Energetically Synthesizing SolutesEnergetically Synthesizing Solutes
Energetically Synthesizing SolutesStefanie Yang
 
The Effect Of Reactant Concentration On Reaction Rate.pdfThe Effect Of Reacta...
The Effect Of Reactant Concentration On Reaction Rate.pdfThe Effect Of Reacta...The Effect Of Reactant Concentration On Reaction Rate.pdfThe Effect Of Reacta...
The Effect Of Reactant Concentration On Reaction Rate.pdfThe Effect Of Reacta...Heather Dionne
 
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Malo Refractory Bricks
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Malo Refractory BricksAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Malo Refractory Bricks
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Malo Refractory BricksHeather Reimer
 
H&m peach proj (1)
H&m peach proj (1)H&m peach proj (1)
H&m peach proj (1)RachelCron1
 
Heat & Mass Final Project
Heat & Mass Final ProjectHeat & Mass Final Project
Heat & Mass Final ProjectPatrick Cusack
 

Similaire à Independent Research Osmosis Lab (20)

3.2.1 Essay
3.2.1 Essay3.2.1 Essay
3.2.1 Essay
 
Freezing Point Lab
Freezing Point LabFreezing Point Lab
Freezing Point Lab
 
Water Change Lab
Water Change LabWater Change Lab
Water Change Lab
 
Presentation of Data Logger
Presentation of Data LoggerPresentation of Data Logger
Presentation of Data Logger
 
Independent Research Leaf Disc Photosynthesis Lab
Independent Research Leaf Disc Photosynthesis LabIndependent Research Leaf Disc Photosynthesis Lab
Independent Research Leaf Disc Photosynthesis Lab
 
Corrosive Base Responses And Oxidationreduction Responses
Corrosive Base Responses And Oxidationreduction ResponsesCorrosive Base Responses And Oxidationreduction Responses
Corrosive Base Responses And Oxidationreduction Responses
 
The Effects Of Salinity On Crops By Denielle Walters
The Effects Of Salinity On Crops By Denielle WaltersThe Effects Of Salinity On Crops By Denielle Walters
The Effects Of Salinity On Crops By Denielle Walters
 
Effect Of Lowering The Freezing Point Of Water
Effect Of Lowering The Freezing Point Of WaterEffect Of Lowering The Freezing Point Of Water
Effect Of Lowering The Freezing Point Of Water
 
Osmosis and Cell.pdfOsmosis And Cell
Osmosis and Cell.pdfOsmosis And CellOsmosis and Cell.pdfOsmosis And Cell
Osmosis and Cell.pdfOsmosis And Cell
 
Isolation Of The Major Component Of Clove Oil
Isolation Of The Major Component Of Clove OilIsolation Of The Major Component Of Clove Oil
Isolation Of The Major Component Of Clove Oil
 
Flavus Preparation Lab Report
Flavus Preparation Lab ReportFlavus Preparation Lab Report
Flavus Preparation Lab Report
 
Oxantrone Essay
Oxantrone EssayOxantrone Essay
Oxantrone Essay
 
Chemistry Internal Assessment
Chemistry Internal AssessmentChemistry Internal Assessment
Chemistry Internal Assessment
 
Optimum Temperature Of Amylase
Optimum Temperature Of AmylaseOptimum Temperature Of Amylase
Optimum Temperature Of Amylase
 
Beetroot Lab Report
Beetroot Lab ReportBeetroot Lab Report
Beetroot Lab Report
 
Energetically Synthesizing Solutes
Energetically Synthesizing SolutesEnergetically Synthesizing Solutes
Energetically Synthesizing Solutes
 
The Effect Of Reactant Concentration On Reaction Rate.pdfThe Effect Of Reacta...
The Effect Of Reactant Concentration On Reaction Rate.pdfThe Effect Of Reacta...The Effect Of Reactant Concentration On Reaction Rate.pdfThe Effect Of Reacta...
The Effect Of Reactant Concentration On Reaction Rate.pdfThe Effect Of Reacta...
 
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Malo Refractory Bricks
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Malo Refractory BricksAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Malo Refractory Bricks
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Malo Refractory Bricks
 
H&m peach proj (1)
H&m peach proj (1)H&m peach proj (1)
H&m peach proj (1)
 
Heat & Mass Final Project
Heat & Mass Final ProjectHeat & Mass Final Project
Heat & Mass Final Project
 

Plus de Honori

Role of Language and Reason in History
Role of Language and Reason in HistoryRole of Language and Reason in History
Role of Language and Reason in HistoryHonori
 
Senior Seminar Reflection
Senior Seminar ReflectionSenior Seminar Reflection
Senior Seminar ReflectionHonori
 
NaRaYa Reflection
NaRaYa ReflectionNaRaYa Reflection
NaRaYa ReflectionHonori
 
Footy fanatics cashflow forecasts
Footy fanatics cashflow forecastsFooty fanatics cashflow forecasts
Footy fanatics cashflow forecastsHonori
 
Video presentation Powerpoint
Video presentation PowerpointVideo presentation Powerpoint
Video presentation PowerpointHonori
 
HIV/AIDS in Thailand
HIV/AIDS in Thailand HIV/AIDS in Thailand
HIV/AIDS in Thailand Honori
 
Rashomon Essay
Rashomon EssayRashomon Essay
Rashomon EssayHonori
 
Script
ScriptScript
ScriptHonori
 
Video Presentation Script
Video Presentation ScriptVideo Presentation Script
Video Presentation ScriptHonori
 

Plus de Honori (9)

Role of Language and Reason in History
Role of Language and Reason in HistoryRole of Language and Reason in History
Role of Language and Reason in History
 
Senior Seminar Reflection
Senior Seminar ReflectionSenior Seminar Reflection
Senior Seminar Reflection
 
NaRaYa Reflection
NaRaYa ReflectionNaRaYa Reflection
NaRaYa Reflection
 
Footy fanatics cashflow forecasts
Footy fanatics cashflow forecastsFooty fanatics cashflow forecasts
Footy fanatics cashflow forecasts
 
Video presentation Powerpoint
Video presentation PowerpointVideo presentation Powerpoint
Video presentation Powerpoint
 
HIV/AIDS in Thailand
HIV/AIDS in Thailand HIV/AIDS in Thailand
HIV/AIDS in Thailand
 
Rashomon Essay
Rashomon EssayRashomon Essay
Rashomon Essay
 
Script
ScriptScript
Script
 
Video Presentation Script
Video Presentation ScriptVideo Presentation Script
Video Presentation Script
 

Dernier

Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 

Dernier (20)

Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 

Independent Research Osmosis Lab

  • 1. Honori Yamada Bio 2 Sept/2/10 Introduction: The cell membrane is a thin barrier of a cell which consists of proteins and a phospholipid bilayer. However, only particular materials are able to diffuse in and out of the cell membrane and this is due to its size, charge, and polarity. Diffusion is a movement of any substance or particle in which they move in areas from high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached. Out of several ways of diffusion that are possible, simple diffusion only allows nonpolar substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide (O2, CO2) to get across the cell membrane. There are other ways such as the active transport which allows only ion charged particles as well as the protein transports, which allows specific polar molecules such as water (H2O) to enter in and out of the cell membrane. Yet, most importantly, there is also a special case of diffusion of water known as osmosis. As it is shown on the figure 1 below, this diffusion uses the semi permeable membrane to let water molecules go through from area of high water potential to an area of lower water potential. The movement of water molecules moving out of the cell is known as plasmolysis. Oppositely, the movement of water molecules moving into the cell until it bursts is known as cytolysis. In this research, the experiment will be investigated on whether the cause of different temperature will affect the diffusion between two substances. Two solutions, 25% salt water and normal tap water, will be used throughout the experiment. In the dialysis tubing, normal tap water will be inserted and will be enclosed. On the other hand, salt water will be contained inside a beaker and will be heated to a certain temperature degree. Osmosis will occur when the dialysis Figure 1: The basic movement of osmosis by its semi- tubing is dropped into the beaker permeable membrane. filled with salt water. As the beaker contained solution is hypertonic, the water escaping out the dialysis tubing, or shrinking, can be predicted. Also, according to the collision theory of particles, it can be scientifically predicted that as temperature increases, the osmotic diffusion will occur easier and faster. Collision theory can be explained of how when temperature increases, the velocity or the energy of the particles in a solution will increase as well; which therefore increases the collision probability among the particles. Thus from this collision theory proposed by Max Trautz and William Lewis, it can be expected that plasmolysis will occur faster and easier accordingly as the temperature increases. (http://www.eoht.info/page/Collision+theory) From an internet source, a formula known as the Osmotic Pressure theory given by Van t’Hoff which describes the affect of osmosis according to different temperatures can be written as:
  • 2. Honori Yamada Bio 2 Sept/2/10 π = c R T, (1) where π indicates the osmotic pressure, c is the molecular concentration, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature. Van t’Hoff’s theory proves how the osmosis pressure does not depend on the type of solute or the size of the molecules, but more of the 2 factors of concentration and temperature. As the temperature increases, so will the osmotic pressure. Similarly, as the concentration increases, so will the osmotic pressure. (http://urila.tripod.com/) From equation 1, it can be predicted that as the temperature increases, there will obviously be an effect on the osmotic pressure or in this experimental case, the diffusion across the semi permeable membrane. Design: Research Question: How will temperature affect the rate of diffusion between water and 25% salt water? Table 1: Important Variables Variable Type How Temperature Independent Variable Water bath, thermometer, hot plate Mass of dialysis tubing Dependent Variable Beaker, water Size of dialysis tubing Controlled Variable Ruler measurement, scissor Concentration of salt water Controlled Variable Electronic Balance, beaker, - Amount of salt water, stirrer - Amount of water Length of time Controlled Variable Stopwatch Size of Beaker Controlled Variable ------------- ▲Table 1: These are the important independent, dependent, and controlled variables that are shown as well as the process of how it was done. Materials: - Dialysis Tube - Hot Plate - Beaker Figure 3: Dialysis tubing and 2 clamps - Thermometer used through the experiment - Dialysis tubing clamps - Water - Salt - Electronic Balance - Timer Figure 2: Electronic Balance used - Graduated cylinder to measure all the dialysis tubings - Ice - Large bowl
  • 3. Honori Yamada Bio 2 Sept/2/10 Procedure: Step 1. Prepare 320 ml of 25% salt water solution in a beaker (300 water, 75g of salt) Step 2. Cut the Dialysis tubing into 13cm lengths and rub it in water for friction to get an opening Step 3. Close one side of the Dialysis tubing with a dialysis tubing clamps Step 4. Insert 30 ml of plain water into the Dialysis tubing and secure the other side with a green clip Step 5. Prepare the hot plate or an ice bowl to the given temperatures (0˚C, 15˚C, 30˚C, 60˚C) Step 6. Place the beaker filled with 25% salt water onto the heating plate / ice bowl Step 7. Once the beaker reaches the certain temperature, keep it in a constant temperature and insert the Dialysis tubing Step 8. Time the experiment for 10 minutes Step 9. Remove the Dialysis Tubing and measure its mass on the measuring scale (repeat this 5 times for each 3 trials) Step 10. Later, repeat the whole process 3 times with the different given temperatures Step 11. After the experiment, calculate the averages of each 3 masses and its uncertainties Data Collection & Processing: Table 2: Percent Change in Mass at Different Temperature 1°C Initial Result Average of Change in Mass Percent Average Weight(g) Mass (g) Masses (g) (g) Change D= Percent (A) (B) C= B – A Change 100 Trial 1 40.68 1) 39.50 39.60 -1. 08 - 2.65 2) 39.66 3) 39.60 4) 39.65 5) 39.57 Trial 2 42.49 1) 41.86 41.47 -1.02 -2.40 2) 41.68 -2.46 ± 0.16 3) 41.43 4) 41.26 5) 41.20 Trial 3 42.12 1) 41.26 41.14 -0.98 -2.33 2) 41.15 3) 41.10 4) 41.12 5) 41.07
  • 4. Honori Yamada Bio 2 Sept/2/10 15°C Initial Result Average of Change in Mass Percent Average Weight(g) Mass (g) Masses (g) (g) Change D= Percent (A) (B) C= B – A Change 100 Trial 1 41.75 1) 40.16 39.98 -1.77 -4.24 2) 39.83 3) 40.23 4) 39.78 5) 39.90 Trial 2 41.04 1) 39.48 39.37 -1.67 -4.07 2) 39.32 -4.21 ± 0.13 3) 39.02 4) 39.67 5) 39.35 Trial 3 40.55 1) 38.95 38.80 -1.75 -4.32 2) 38.96 3) 38.72 4) 38.71 5) 38.64 30°C Initial Result Average of Change in Mass Percent Average Weight(g) Mass (g) Masses (g) (g) Change D= Percent (A) (B) C= B – A Change 100 Trial 1 41.95 1) 40.53 39.98 -1.97 -4.70 2) 40.30 3) 40.19 4) 40.03 5) 40.09 Trial 2 42.22 1) 40.22 39.77 -2.45 -5.80 2) 39.91 -5.56 ± 0.75 3) 39.73 4) 39.65 5) 39.35 Trial 3 43.62 1) 40.93 40.92 -2.70 -6.19 2) 41.09 3) 40.83 4) 40.95 5) 40.82 60°C Initial Result Average of Change in Mass Percent Average Weight(g) Mass (g) Masses (g) (g) Change (%) Percent (A) (B) C= B – A D= 100 Change (%) Trial 1 40.05 1) 37.98 37.63 -2.42 -6.04 2) 37.95 3) 36.95 4) 37.73 5) 37.55 Trial 2 39.17 1) 36.88 34.78 -4.40 -11.23 2) 34.84 -9.05 ± 2.17 3) 34.74 4) 34.65 5) 34.45 Trial 3 40.60 1) 36.93 36.59 -4.01 -9.89 2) 36.83 3) 36.55 4) 36.37 5) 36.25 ▲Table 2: Five dialysis tubings were weighed for each three trials and the average percent change in each mass were calculated with uncertainties.
  • 5. Honori Yamada Bio 2 Sept/2/10 Sample Calculations: i. Finding the Mean of all 5 result masses (trial 1 at temperature 1°C) = (result mass 1+result mass 2+result mass 3+result mass 4+result mass5)/5 = (39.50 + 39.66 + 39.60 + 39.65 + 39.57) / 5 39.60 (g) ii. Finding the Change in Mass (trial 1 at temperature 1°C) = Average of Result Mass – Initial Weight = 39.60 – 40.68 -1. 08 (g) iii. Finding the Percentage Change (trial 1 at temperature 1°C) = Change in Mass / Initial Weight × 100 = -1.08 / 40.68 × 100 - 2.65 % iv. Finding the Average Percent Change at 1°C = Trial 1 Percent Change + Trial 2 Percent Change + Trial 3 Percent Change / 3 = (- 2.65) + (-2.40) + (-2.33) / 3 -2.46 v. Calculating the Uncertainty at temperature 1°C = Range / 2 = [(-2.65) + (-2.33)] / 2 ± 0.16 Figure 4: The graph above shows how the percent change in mass is affected by the different temperatures.
  • 6. Honori Yamada Bio 2 Sept/2/10 Conclusion & Evaluation: Conclusion: According to the graph in figure 4, the linear fit equation or the slope shows a descending line. The slope which was -0.11 signifies how when the temperature increases, the percent change in the mass of the dialysis tubing gets smaller. As the percent change in the mass gets smaller at a high rate of temperature, this therefore specifies a faster process of shrinking or hypertonic solution. The percent change in mass after placing the dialysis tubing in 1°C shrunk by -2.46%. However, the percent change in mass after placing the tubing in 60°C shrunk by -9.05%. Again, this can be concluded as to how the percent change in mass of the dialysis tubing decreases as the temperature rises. From figure 4, the correlation of the graph was shown as -0.9989 which is a decent result and makes sense since the number is very close to -0.1. As the correlation was very to -0.1, this means that there is a visible actual pattern or an effect of the independent variable used throughout this experiment. The uncertainty of the graph above shows a difference in each average percent change in mass. The experiment when placed in 1°C does not result with a huge difference in uncertainty than when experimenting at 60°C. This is due to the inconstant masses that resulted during the experiment during high temperatures. At 0°C, the uncertainty was ± 0.16, but the uncertainty resulted with ± 2.17 during the experiment at 60°C. Evaluation: Throughout this experiment, there was one big error which was the size of the dialysis tubing. On the first day of the experiment, the medium size dialysis tubings were used. However, it was on the second day in which it was discovered that there were three sizes to the dialysis tubing. So the dialysis tubing used on the first day of the experiment might have been the different size it was used during the second day of the experiment. Although there were no major mass differences on the data results from the first day of the experiment, there was a possibility that the size of the dialysis tubing might have changed. This can be improved by carefully examining and by recording the specific length, width and height for each dialysis tubings. This will prevent such careless mistakes since all the specific measurement would be written for the continuing day of the experiment. Along with the size of the dialysis tubing that was used, the accurate length of the tubing might have not all been the same length. As the dialysis tubing was trimmed off with a knife, the length of each side was not equally straight. This therefore might have affected the average percent change in mass as a whole. Also, as the dialysis tubings were trimmed into pieces, it was not double checked to make sure that they were all the same sizes. For next time, scissors should be used for more accuracy with the length. Also it would be better if each side of the dialysis tubings are marked so that the tubings would be trimmed equally on both sides.
  • 7. Honori Yamada Bio 2 Sept/2/10 As it is shown in table 3, another error that might have affected the inconstant data results was the stability of the given temperatures. As a dialysis tubing was placed in salt water for 10 minutes, there were some difficulties in keeping the temperature stabled. A thermometer was placed in the beaker to keep the temperature stabled, but at times the temperature increased and decreased by 1°C. So from the instability of keeping the temperature at the same degree, the percent mass of the tubing might have been affected overall. To prevent this from happening next time, an instrument known as the constant temperature bath should be used to keep the temperature at a steady degree. This we surely prevent the solution from increasing or decreasing the temperature and therefore will not affect the overall result of the experiment. Tissue papers were used to dry and rescale the dialysis tubing five times for each trial. As drying the tubings were rushed through so that time would not have affected the results, properly drying the dialysis tubings each time was another error. Since some measurements were too different from the other five measurements in the trial, it was considered as an outlier. This was due to how inaccurate the dialysis tubings were dried each time as some bits of water might have been still left in between the dialysis tubing clamps. For a better accurate experiment, more time in drying each tubings should be done. One person should be the dryer who constantly paper towel dries each dialysis tubing the same way precisely. Weakness How/what Solve Size of dialysis tubing Thought there was only Look to see if there are any type of dialysis tubing other sizes by width of the (width) dialysis tubing and recond it somewhere on data Length of dialysis Trimmed with knife and Mark each end sides of the tubing used ruler dialysis tubing and cut with scissors Instability Temperature Used thermometer to keep Use instrument known as eye on exact temperature constant temperature bath Measurement error Used tissue paper to Accurately take more time quickly dry out water and dry each tubing in surrounding the tubings between small edges/gaps ▲Table 3: The different weaknesses that appeared during the experiment and how it should be solved is shown The Effect on Osmosis with Temperature