2. 20c China:
From Republic to
Communist Power

3. Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925)
(Dr. Sun Yat-sen)

4. Chinese Warlords, 1920s
Yuan Shi-kai

5. China in 1924

6. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary
(Mao Tse-tung)

7. Mao With His Children, 1930s

8. Jiang Jieshi Becomes President
of Nationalist China, 1928
(Chiang Kai-shek)

10. The Long March
1934

11. The Long March

12. Survivors of the March

14. Japan Invades China
1937

15. Japanese Aggression, 1931 -
1945

17. The Communist
Revolution:
1946 - 1949

18. The Peoples’ Liberation
Army, 1949

19. The Communist
Victory

20. Taiwan: The Republic of
China

21. Jiang Jieshu (1887-1975)
(Chiang Kai-shek)

22. Madame Jiang Jieshu

23. The People’s Republic of
China

24. Reasons for the
Communists’ Success

25. Reasons for the
Communists’ Success
► Mao won support of peasants – land

26. Reasons for the
Communists’ Success
► Mao won support of peasants – land
► Mao won support of women

27. Reasons for the
Communists’ Success
► Mao won support of peasants – land
► Mao won support of women
► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics

28. Reasons for the
Communists’ Success
► Mao won support of peasants – land
► Mao won support of women
► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
► Many saw the Nationalist government
as corrupt

29. Reasons for the
Communists’ Success
► Mao won support of peasants – land
► Mao won support of women
► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
► Many saw the Nationalist government
as corrupt
► Many felt that the Nationalists allowed
foreigners to dominate China.

31. The Great Leap
Forward (or Backward?)
1958-1961

32. Great Leap Forward, 1958

33. Great Leap Forward, 1958
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture
and industry

34. Great Leap Forward, 1958
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture
and industry
► Communes

35. Great Leap Forward, 1958
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture
and industry
► Communes
e Groups of people who live and work
together

36. Great Leap Forward, 1958
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture
and industry
► Communes
e Groups of people who live and work
together
e Property held in common

37. Great Leap Forward, 1958
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture
and industry
► Communes
e Groups of people who live and work
together
e Property held in common
e Had production quotas

38. Great Leap Forward, 1958
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture
and industry
► Communes
e Groups of people who live and work
together
e Property held in common
e Had production quotas
► Failed due to poor quality of
products, poor weather hurt
agriculture

39. Communist China Under Mao

40. Communist China Under Mao
► Industrialized China

41. Communist China Under Mao
► Industrialized China
► Increased literacy

42. Communist China Under Mao
► Industrialized China
► Increased literacy
► Class privileges ended

43. Communist China Under Mao
► Industrialized China
► Increased literacy
► Class privileges ended
► Rural Chinese received health
care

44. Communist China Under Mao
► Industrialized China
► Increased literacy
► Class privileges ended
► Rural Chinese received health
care
► One-party dictatorship

45. Communist China Under Mao
► Industrialized China
► Increased literacy
► Class privileges ended
► Rural Chinese received health
care
► One-party dictatorship
► Denied people basic rights and
freedoms --> Inner Mongolia,
Tibet

46. Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama
in Beijing, 1954

47. Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama
in Beijing, 1954
► Tibet --> an
autonomous
area.

48. Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama
in Beijing, 1954
► Tibet --> an
autonomous
area.
► Dalai Lama
fled in the
late 1950s to
India.

50. The Great
Proletarian
Cultural Revolution
1966 - 1976

51. A Campaign Against the
“FOUR OLDS”

52. A Campaign Against the
“FOUR OLDS”
► Old Thoughts

53. A Campaign Against the
“FOUR OLDS”
► Old Thoughts
► Old Culture

54. A Campaign Against the
“FOUR OLDS”
► Old Thoughts
► Old Culture
► Old Customs

55. A Campaign Against the
“FOUR OLDS”
► Old Thoughts
► Old Culture
► Old Customs
► Old Habits

56. A Campaign Against the
“FOUR OLDS”
► Old Thoughts
► Old Culture
► Old Customs
► Old Habits
To Rebel Is Good!

57. Communist China Under Mao

58. Communist China Under Mao
► Designed to renew revolutionary
spirit and establish a more
equitable society

59. Communist China Under Mao
► Designed to renew revolutionary
spirit and establish a more
equitable society
► Mao wanted to put “intellectuals”
in their place

60. Communist China Under Mao
► Designed to renew revolutionary
spirit and establish a more
equitable society
► Mao wanted to put “intellectuals”
in their place
► Schools shut down – students
revolted

61. Communist China Under Mao
► Designed to renew revolutionary
spirit and establish a more
equitable society
► Mao wanted to put “intellectuals”
in their place
► Schools shut down – students
revolted
► Red Guards – students who
attacked professors, government
officials, factory managers

62. A Red Guard

63. Red Guards March to Canton

64. With regard to the great teacher Chairman
Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard
to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously
stress the word 'Usefullness'. (1968)
Cult of Personality

65. The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart,
Chairman Mao, and us together
Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art
Academy collective, 1968
Mao’s
Little Red
Book

66. Propaganda Poster

67. Go among the workers, peasants and
soldiers, and into the thick of struggle!
1967-1972

68. Propaganda Poster

69. Propaganda Poster

70. Propaganda Poster

71. “Ping-Pong Diplomacy”:
U. S. Players at Great Wall, 1971

72. Mao Meets President
Nixon, 1972

73. Power Struggle
Communist
Modernists 1976
Traditionalists

74. Power Struggle
Communist
Modernists 1976
Traditionalists
Zhou Enlai

75. Power Struggle
Communist
Modernists 1976
Traditionalists
Zhou Enlai
“The Gang of Four”:
Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang
Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan

77. Communist Government
and a
Capitalist Economy

78. Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)

79. De-Maoization
“The 4 Modernizations”
Progress in:

80. De-Maoization
“The 4 Modernizations”
Progress in:
► Agriculture

81. De-Maoization
“The 4 Modernizations”
Progress in:
► Agriculture
► Industry

82. De-Maoization
“The 4 Modernizations”
Progress in:
► Agriculture
► Industry
► Science

83. De-Maoization
“The 4 Modernizations”
Progress in:
► Agriculture
► Industry
► Science
► Defense

84. De-Maoization
“The 4 Modernizations”
Progress in:
► Agriculture
► Industry
► Science
► Defense
Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

85. Gap Between Rich & Poor

86. Gap Between Rich & Poor
Deng: If you open a window, some flies
naturally get in!

87. Tiananmen Square, 1989

88. Tiananmen Square, 1989
More democracy!

89. Tiananmen Square, 1989

90. Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University

91. Tiananmen Square, 1989

92. Tiananmen Square, 1989
Democracy—Our Common Ideal!

93. Tiananmen Square, 1989

94. Tiananmen Square, 1989
The
“Goddess
of
Democracy”

95. Tiananmen Square, 1989

96. Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Government Clamps Down

97. Tiananmen Square, 1989

98. Tiananmen Square, 1989
One Lone Man’s Protest

99. Tiananmen Square, 1989

100. Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In

101. Tiananmen Square, 1989

102. Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by
an Army Tank

103. Tiananmen Square, 1989

104. Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Army Looks for Dissidents

105. Tiananmen Square, 1989

106. Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student Leaders Are Arrested

107. Tiananmen Square, 1989

108. Tiananmen Square, 1989
Chinese Students Mourn the Dead

109. Tiananmen Square, 1989

110. Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Reestablishment of Order

111. What’s the Message
Here?

112. Demography
► may be no surer predictor of
destiny than trade data. But of
the two momentous changes
championed by Deng Xiaoping a
quarter-century ago, coercive
population controls and experiments
with market economics, the jury is
still out on which will do more to
shape China's long-term potential.

113. Demography

114. Demography
►There are
too many
retirees in
China, and not
enough young
people to
replace them.

115. Demography
► "The evidence is overwhelming that a
large population of unmarried adult
males is a risk factor for both crime
and war," Ms. den Boer said in an
interview. "The fact that China is an
authoritarian country is another risk
factor."