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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PRACTICE IN
MINING INDUSTRIES
MODULE-3
BOHS-Basic Occupational Health Services
OPEN-CAST MINE

UNDERGROUND MINE
“BOHS”
-A WHO/ILO/ICOH/FIOH JOINT EFFORT The WHO/ILO/ICOH/FIOH have launched the joint

effort on the development of Basic Occupational
Health Service (BOHS) policy and guideline in order
to improve coverage and quality of occupational
health services (OHS) in the world.
 The principle of BOHS is to ensure the provision of
OHS for all workers by developing new service
provision models, which are adaptable to local
conditions, low cost, widely covered the workforce,
and still meet the quality requirements of OHS.
Occupational Health
As
Primary Health Care (PHC)
 The renewal of primary health care (PHC), which
has been recently put forward by WHO,
convincingly demonstrates the importance of the
provision of occupational health through PHC in
addition to multidisciplinary health services in
order to reach underserved working populations.
What is occupational health ?
Occupational
health
encompasses the
social, mental and
physical well-being
of workers, that is
the“ Whole Person”
(ILO/WHO)
The ILO Convention 161
 The ILO Convention No.161 defines occupational
health services as services entrusted with
essentially preventive functions and responsible
for advising the employer, the workers and their
representatives in the undertaking on the
requirements for establishing and maintaining a
safe and healthy work environment which will
facilitate optimal physical and mental health in
relation to work and the adaptation of work to the
capabilities of workers in the light of their state of
physical and mental health.
Broadest context of Occupational Health
 In its broadest context, occupational health
practice should be understood as the activities of
all those who contribute to the protection and
promotion of workers’ health and to the
improvement of the working conditions and the
work environment.
 These activities should not be seen as limited only
to the practice of occupational health
professionals.
Why is occupational health important?
Workers spend at least
eight hours a day in the
workplace.
Work plays a central role
in people's quality of
lives.
As a result of the hazards
and a lack of attention
given to health and
safety, work-related
accidents and diseases
are common in all parts
of the world.
Basic Aim of Occupational Health
Overall, efforts in
occupational health
and safety must aim to
prevent industrial
accidents and
diseases, and at the
same time recognize
the connection
between worker health
and safety, the
workplace, and the
environment outside
the workplace.
Poor working conditions affect worker health and safety
Poor working conditions
of any type have the
potential to affect a
worker's health and
safety. Occupational
hazards can have
harmful effects on
workers, their families,
and other people in the
community, as well as
on the physical
environment around
the workplace
Why it’s difficult to Identify the cause of Occupational disease ?
 The long latency period
 It may be too late to do anything about it





or treat / cure them even
Difficulty to trace back what hazards the
worker was exposed to in the past.
Changing jobs
Personal behaviours (such as smoking
tobacco or drinking alcohol)
New chemicals and new technologies are
being introduced which present new and
often unknown hazards to both workers
and the community.

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Eliminate/Control/ Contain
Hazards at Workplaces are only
the best options, to prevent
Occupational Diseases.
Costs of occupational injury/disease
Work-related accidents or
diseases are very costly and
can have many serious effects
on workers, their families and
Employers.
Unfortunately some employers
assume little responsibility
for the protection of workers'
health and safety.
In fact, some employers do not
even know that they have the
moral and often legal
responsibility to protect
workers.
Direct costs of an injury or illness for Workers
1. Pain and
suffering of the
injury or
illness;
2. Loss of income;
3. Possible loss of
a job;
4. Health-care
costs.
Indirect costs of an accident or illness
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

6.

Injured/ill worker has to be
replaced;
A new worker has to be trained
and given time to adjust;
It takes time before the new
worker is producing at the rate of
the original worker;
Time must be devoted to
obligatory investigations, to the
writing of reports and filling out
of forms;
Accidents often arouse the
concern of fellow workers and
influence labour relations in a
negative way;
Poor health and safety conditions
in the workplace can also result
in poor public relations.
The costs to employers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Payment for work not
performed;
Medical and
compensation payments;
Repair or replacement of
damaged machinery and
equipment;
Reduction or a temporary
halt in production;
Increased training
expenses and
administration costs;
Possible reduction in the
quality of work;
Negative effect on morale
in other workers.
The investment on prevention Pays
 The investment in prevention is meaningful from
the economic point of view. Prevention reduces
costs due to occupational injuries and diseases.
 It is estimated that the social cost of occupational
diseases is two-threefold higher than the
investment that would have been necessary to
prevent them.
It is crucial that employers, workers and unions are
committed to health and safety
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

Workplace hazards are
controlled - at the source
whenever possible;
Records of any exposure
are maintained for many
years;
Both workers and
employers are informed
about health and safety
risks in the workplace;
There is an active and
effective health and safety
committee that includes
both workers and
management;
Worker health and safety
efforts are ongoing.
A successful Occupational health and safety
programme requires:
1. Strong
management
commitment.
2. Trade Union
coordination.
3. Worker
participation.
4. Enforcement
strength.
More Important Role to be played by:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

General Physicians
Specialist doctors
Nurses
Para-medics
Social scientists
Healthcare
Administrators
Teaching Institutions

-----------------------They need to understand the
dynamics of HazardsHealth issues, which are
specific to Industries, unlike
in general practice.
BOHS eventually Aims at
 BOHS programs should aim to strengthen the
entire national OSH system and to foster a
preventative approach and safety culture that are
critical to achieving sustainability of
improvements in safety and health at work.
 It is the way forward towards a progressive
development of occupational health services in
all parts of the world with an utmost goal to cover
all workers in all occupations.
Prevention is the key AIM of
Occupational Health
Overall, efforts in
occupational health and
safety must aim to
prevent industrial
accidents and diseases,
and at the same time
recognize the
connection between
worker health and
safety, the workplace,
and the environment
outside the workplace.
Hopefully this Module would have helped to appreciate
the Fundamentals of Occupational Health and the
Basic Occupational Health Services (BOHS) being
promoted by IAOH, in the context of making a start at
Primary Health Care Levels.

THANK YOU
G.JAYARAJ
Member-IAOH
Email: jayaraj_dr@yahoo.com

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BOHS_Occupational Health in Mining Industry

  • 1. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PRACTICE IN MINING INDUSTRIES MODULE-3 BOHS-Basic Occupational Health Services OPEN-CAST MINE UNDERGROUND MINE
  • 2. “BOHS” -A WHO/ILO/ICOH/FIOH JOINT EFFORT The WHO/ILO/ICOH/FIOH have launched the joint effort on the development of Basic Occupational Health Service (BOHS) policy and guideline in order to improve coverage and quality of occupational health services (OHS) in the world.  The principle of BOHS is to ensure the provision of OHS for all workers by developing new service provision models, which are adaptable to local conditions, low cost, widely covered the workforce, and still meet the quality requirements of OHS.
  • 3. Occupational Health As Primary Health Care (PHC)  The renewal of primary health care (PHC), which has been recently put forward by WHO, convincingly demonstrates the importance of the provision of occupational health through PHC in addition to multidisciplinary health services in order to reach underserved working populations.
  • 4. What is occupational health ? Occupational health encompasses the social, mental and physical well-being of workers, that is the“ Whole Person” (ILO/WHO)
  • 5. The ILO Convention 161  The ILO Convention No.161 defines occupational health services as services entrusted with essentially preventive functions and responsible for advising the employer, the workers and their representatives in the undertaking on the requirements for establishing and maintaining a safe and healthy work environment which will facilitate optimal physical and mental health in relation to work and the adaptation of work to the capabilities of workers in the light of their state of physical and mental health.
  • 6. Broadest context of Occupational Health  In its broadest context, occupational health practice should be understood as the activities of all those who contribute to the protection and promotion of workers’ health and to the improvement of the working conditions and the work environment.  These activities should not be seen as limited only to the practice of occupational health professionals.
  • 7. Why is occupational health important? Workers spend at least eight hours a day in the workplace. Work plays a central role in people's quality of lives. As a result of the hazards and a lack of attention given to health and safety, work-related accidents and diseases are common in all parts of the world.
  • 8. Basic Aim of Occupational Health Overall, efforts in occupational health and safety must aim to prevent industrial accidents and diseases, and at the same time recognize the connection between worker health and safety, the workplace, and the environment outside the workplace.
  • 9. Poor working conditions affect worker health and safety Poor working conditions of any type have the potential to affect a worker's health and safety. Occupational hazards can have harmful effects on workers, their families, and other people in the community, as well as on the physical environment around the workplace
  • 10. Why it’s difficult to Identify the cause of Occupational disease ?  The long latency period  It may be too late to do anything about it     or treat / cure them even Difficulty to trace back what hazards the worker was exposed to in the past. Changing jobs Personal behaviours (such as smoking tobacco or drinking alcohol) New chemicals and new technologies are being introduced which present new and often unknown hazards to both workers and the community. ----------------------------------------------------------------- Eliminate/Control/ Contain Hazards at Workplaces are only the best options, to prevent Occupational Diseases.
  • 11. Costs of occupational injury/disease Work-related accidents or diseases are very costly and can have many serious effects on workers, their families and Employers. Unfortunately some employers assume little responsibility for the protection of workers' health and safety. In fact, some employers do not even know that they have the moral and often legal responsibility to protect workers.
  • 12. Direct costs of an injury or illness for Workers 1. Pain and suffering of the injury or illness; 2. Loss of income; 3. Possible loss of a job; 4. Health-care costs.
  • 13. Indirect costs of an accident or illness 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Injured/ill worker has to be replaced; A new worker has to be trained and given time to adjust; It takes time before the new worker is producing at the rate of the original worker; Time must be devoted to obligatory investigations, to the writing of reports and filling out of forms; Accidents often arouse the concern of fellow workers and influence labour relations in a negative way; Poor health and safety conditions in the workplace can also result in poor public relations.
  • 14. The costs to employers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Payment for work not performed; Medical and compensation payments; Repair or replacement of damaged machinery and equipment; Reduction or a temporary halt in production; Increased training expenses and administration costs; Possible reduction in the quality of work; Negative effect on morale in other workers.
  • 15. The investment on prevention Pays  The investment in prevention is meaningful from the economic point of view. Prevention reduces costs due to occupational injuries and diseases.  It is estimated that the social cost of occupational diseases is two-threefold higher than the investment that would have been necessary to prevent them.
  • 16. It is crucial that employers, workers and unions are committed to health and safety 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Workplace hazards are controlled - at the source whenever possible; Records of any exposure are maintained for many years; Both workers and employers are informed about health and safety risks in the workplace; There is an active and effective health and safety committee that includes both workers and management; Worker health and safety efforts are ongoing.
  • 17. A successful Occupational health and safety programme requires: 1. Strong management commitment. 2. Trade Union coordination. 3. Worker participation. 4. Enforcement strength.
  • 18. More Important Role to be played by: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. General Physicians Specialist doctors Nurses Para-medics Social scientists Healthcare Administrators Teaching Institutions -----------------------They need to understand the dynamics of HazardsHealth issues, which are specific to Industries, unlike in general practice.
  • 19. BOHS eventually Aims at  BOHS programs should aim to strengthen the entire national OSH system and to foster a preventative approach and safety culture that are critical to achieving sustainability of improvements in safety and health at work.  It is the way forward towards a progressive development of occupational health services in all parts of the world with an utmost goal to cover all workers in all occupations.
  • 20. Prevention is the key AIM of Occupational Health Overall, efforts in occupational health and safety must aim to prevent industrial accidents and diseases, and at the same time recognize the connection between worker health and safety, the workplace, and the environment outside the workplace.
  • 21. Hopefully this Module would have helped to appreciate the Fundamentals of Occupational Health and the Basic Occupational Health Services (BOHS) being promoted by IAOH, in the context of making a start at Primary Health Care Levels. THANK YOU G.JAYARAJ Member-IAOH Email: jayaraj_dr@yahoo.com