1. TABULATION AND
GRAPHICAL DATA
Done by: Ibrahim Razzan, Di-HRM_3, International Institute for Professional Development

2. Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing,
presenting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data to
assist in making more effective decisions.
Definition by Shaya'a Othman
“Statistics is a scientific method of collecting, organizing,
presenting, analysing and interpreting of numerical
information, developed from mathematical theory of
probability, to assist in making effective and efficient
decision.”

3. It’s a Secondary Data Collection
Air India, passengers carried from MALDIVES
2005-2010
YEARS NO.OF PASSENGERS
2005 81945
2006 93417
2007 92483
2008 91096
2009 85448
2010 79135
Air India Passengers carried include both domestic and international aircraft passengers of air
carriers registered in the country.

4. It is a graph in which the classes are reported on the horizontal axis
and the class frequencies are on vertical axis. The class frequencies
are proportional to heights of bars.
Air India, passengers carried from MALDIVES
2005-2010
95000
90000
85000
80000 No.of
75000 Passengers
70000

5. 1. Beautiful and neatly constructed diagrams/charts are more
attractive then simple figures
2. Comparison is made easy and it will save time of the user to
make quick comparison of large data.
3. You can record comparison between two things or objects
1. Graph categories can be reordered to emphasize certain effects
2. Use only with discrete data
3. Limited space for labeling with vertical bar graphs

6. It is a graph that shows the proportion or percent that each class
represents of the total number of frequencies.
No.o Passangers
2010 2005
15% 16%
2009 2006
16% 18%
2008 2007
17% 18%

7. 1. Visual:- functioning as a visual aid to help your audience
examine and interpret the data you present.
2. Percentages:- Presents percentage of DATA
1. Not Exact:- Since pie charts use percentages to illustrate numerical
values, specific figures are not provided.
2. Can t Compare 2 Data Sets:-

8. A graph that uses points connected by lines to show how something
changes in value (as time goes by, or as something else happens).
Air India, passengers carried from MALDIVES
2005-2010
95
Thousands
No. of Passengers
90
85
80
75
70
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Years

9. A diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the
frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.
2010
2009
No.of Passengers 2008
2007
2006
2005
70000 80000 90000

10. For a histogram the advantages are. Visually strong , Usually
vertical axis is a frequency count of items
he disadvantages are cannot read exact values because data is grouped
into categories, More difficult to compare two data sets.

11. graphical representation gives a bird's-eye, immediate & overall
view/perspective without having to read each column/row in a table.
it is also easier to remember, understand & recall since visual cues are
also present to strengthen association.
but sometimes, some mathematical data can get lost in trying to convert
it to graphics, as in case of average, rounding off, percentages, etc.
and not all data can be represented graphically.

12. ANY QUESTION??