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IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions
John Webster
February, 2011




                                            Technology Insight Series


                            Eval u ato r Group
IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions




Copyright 2010 Evaluator Group, Inc.  All rights reserved. 

 


    Copyright 2010, Evaluator Group, Inc.                                                   Page 1 of 9     
 




 
                                                                                                                        

IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions
 
Executive Summary 
IBM’s  “Let’s  Build  a  Smarter  Planet”  TV  ads  portray  a  vision  of  interconnected  systems  producing 
actionable information in real time. The ad campaign is very much in keeping with core values IBM has 
honed for decades.  

In the beginning IBM manufactured computers for companies that, initially, didn’t know what to do with 
them. So IBM had to first show them how to compute. IBM had to sell computing first before it could 
sell  computers.  Smarter  Planet  builds  on  that  legacy  to  draw  attention  to  a  fundamental  way  to  use 
computing in a business context for the 21st century—one that encompasses a myriad of sensory devices 
and compute nodes all working within an “orchestrated” system of systems. 

It’s a big picture message that IBM is fundamentally delivering in these ads: systems that harvest data 
from  a  variety  of  wired  and  wireless  sources  are  capable  of  producing  new  types  of  information  and 
solving  some  of  humanity’s  most  important  problems.  And  while  these  may  feel  futuristic  even  for 
seasoned  IT  professionals,  the  technologies  needed  to  turn  the  vision  into  reality  (RFID,  GPS,  pattern 
recognition, Complex Event Processing, and so on) are here and now. Pervasive Analytics is one term we 
have  seen  that  has  been  used  to  describe  the  integration  of  pervasive  data  sources  with  existing 
business intelligence systems to produce useable information for a wide range of decision makers in real 
or near‐real time1.  

Here  we  examine  a  fundamental  question  for  storage  professionals:  what  possible  role  does  storage 
play on a “smarter planet?” In this paper, we show that pervasive data‐generating technologies are now 
available,  that  emerging  applications  are  harnessing  them,  and  that  there  is  a  desire  among  business 
executives  across  a  broad  range  of  industry  segments  to  mine  these  applications  for  competitive 
advantage in some cases, and for the well‐being of humanity in others. But, where does storage fit and 
what roles do storage technologies play?  

How real is Smarter Planet?  
In a book by Chris Stakutis and John Webster entitled “Inescapable Data – Harnessing the Power of 
Convergence,” published in 2005, the coauthors speak of developing new information sources – possibly 
in real time – from the convergence of networked systems with pervasive, digital sensory and wireless 
technologies including radio frequency identification (RFID), global positioning system (GPS), charge‐
coupled device (CCD) imaging, cellular telephony, and others.  In 2004, most senior executives 
interviewed for the book said they were aware of and understood the underlying technologies.  Some 
were moving ahead with initial projects. Now, there are many examples of pervasive information 
systems built upon the successes of initial deployments.   

Some examples from five years ago and today include: 

 


                                                            
1
  From a paper entitled “The Analytics Revolution: Optimizing Reporting and analytics to Make Actionable 
Intelligence Pervasive,” by David Loshin, Knowledge Integrity, Inc.  
                                                                                  Copyright 2011, Evaluator Group, Inc. 
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IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions


Healthcare 
2004 

The CEO of a major metropolitan teaching hospital described an ongoing pilot project that used RFID in 
an operating room setting. Plastic patient bracelets contained RFID tags that were detected when the 
patient was wheeled into the OR.  The clinical system in the OR would immediately identify the patient, 
verify the scheduled procedure, provide the clinicians with a checklist of equipment and medications 
that needed to be in the OR at the beginning of the procedure, and have the patient’s medical history 
available for immediate recall. RFID was also being used in another project where medication containers 
were tagged so as to verify that a drug being administered to a patient was in fact one that had been 
prescribed. The CEO reported that the reduction in the hospital’s insurance rates would more than pay 
for these projects in the first year. 

2010 

Today  healthcare  providers  are  investing  in  a  broad  range  of  sensory  devices  and  interconnected 
systems  to  improve  patient  outcomes  and  do  so  cost  effectively.  With  the  median  age  of  the  US 
population  rising,  the  number  of  people  at  risk  of  chronic  illness  is  the  highest  ever—a  contributing 
factor  to  rising  healthcare  costs.  The  healthcare  industry  is  now  beginning  to  use  a  variety  of  sensory 
devices  to  empower  self‐care,  reduce  the  number  of  episodes  that  result  in  doctor  visits  and 
hospitalization,  and  improve  a  patient’s  sense  of  well‐being  and  morale2.  These  devices  communicate 
with  a  healthcare  network,  often  via  a  home  PC  or  laptop,  or  sometimes  via  a  robot,  to  provide  a 
continuous communications link between patient and healthcare provider. Devices include: 
       •      Wearable,  wireless  sensors  and  wireless‐enabled  stationary  devices    (wireless‐connected 
              bathroom  scales  for  example)  that  communicate  with  a  laptop  or  robotic  device  in  a  home 
              environment that report  blood pressure, weight, respiration, pulse, and other vital signs, daily 
              and sometimes hourly. 
       •      Mobile  and  stationary  robotic  devices  that  can  query  patients  every  day  confirm  that 
              medications  are  taken  when  prescribed  for  example,  and  monitor  the  current  state  of  a 
              patient’s condition. 
       •      The  wireless  ePen  –  a  pen  used  by  the  patient  to  complete  a  daily  checklist.  The  results  from 
              check‐off items (meals, exercise routines, emotional state, pain intensity, etc.) are transmitted 
              to a local data collection station (PC, laptop) connected to the healthcare network. 

 

These devices and others are the endpoints of a network of systems that provides: 
       •      Patient data aggregation points communicating with centralized healthcare systems 
       •      Patient tracking, reporting, and alerting for clinicians and healthcare professionals in real time if 
              required 
       •      Bidirectional communication between patients and providers 
       •      Electronic patient records and historical patient data 


                                                            
2
 Healthcare 2.0, a presentation made by Chris Stakutis at the Spring 2010 Storage Networking World conference, 
Orlando ,FL. 
    Copyright 2010, Evaluator Group, Inc.                                                                           Page 3 of 9     
 




 
                                                                                                                       

IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions
 
 

As  a  result,  patient  outcomes  can  be  dramatically  improved  simply  by  keeping  them  out  of  hospitals. 
Practitioners  can  also  analyze  the  resulting  data  across  a  broad  patient  population  to  see  the 
effectiveness of one treatment protocol compared with another.  

Retail 
2004 

The CEO of a large metropolitan retail chain described a project that used wireless digital video cameras 
to track the how shoppers moved around on a retail floor. The system’s primary application was to track 
customer  movements  and  count  the  number  of  customers  as  they  entered  and  left  a  particular  sales 
area.  Using  this  data,  the  company  could  better  understand  in‐store  traffic  patterns  and  optimize 
product placement, optimize staffing levels throughout the day, and measure the impact of advertising 
and special promotions. 

2010   

A  business  analytics  system  at  Rooms  to  Go,  an  innovative  nationwide  furniture  retailer,  uncovers 
market trends and customer buying behaviors to improve up‐sell and cross‐sell results. The system from 
IBM  integrates  several  regional  transactional  databases  into  a  single  enterprise  data  warehouse  that 
delivers  comprehensive  sales  reports  to  help  staff  identify  buying  patterns,  among  other  things.  The 
system increases sales by helping staff optimize floor planning, and reduces advertising costs by helping 
staff  target  promotions  to  the  most  likely  buyers.  The  system  also  helps  the  retailer’s  buyers  make 
inventory purchase decisions based on relationships among the data rather than gut feel. 


A Small Window on 2015 
As pervasive information systems move forward, a new compute paradigm will be established—one that 
leverages and places maximum value in the delivery of information in real time. It will not be enough to 
know what has happened in the past or what may happen based on past events. Both organizations and 
individuals will want to know what’s happening now, and to have the ability to make predictions based 
on both what is happening now and what just took place a moment ago. The more the mechanics of real 
time information delivery are understood, the more we will all want to use it.  

Additionally, corporate executives will want to use these systems to eliminate inefficiency and waste to 
the  greatest  extent  possible.  This  will  come  as  the  result  of  the  system  integration  work  now  being 
driven by the emergence of cloud computing. 

The technologies that will foster real‐time information delivery and increased efficiency are: 
    1. The  continued  delivery  of  systems  performance  increases  driven  by  advances  we  can  already 
        see in silicon chip processing and the possible commercialization of nano technology  




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IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions

       2. Systems integration on a scale that is massive when compared to what is going on today. The 
          word we use to describe this integration effort is “cloud.” We may well be calling it something 
          different five years from now. 

By 2015 we could well see the following: 

In  healthcare,  the  use  of  electronic  patient  records  among  healthcare  providers  is  commonplace. 
Massive  system  integration  within  the  healthcare  industry  will  give  researchers  the  ability  to  perform 
therapeutic studies in a fraction of the time now required. Advances in genomics will have reduced the 
cost  of  recording  an  individual  human  genome  to  an  affordable  level.  Treatment  therapies  will  be 
individualized and structured around a patient’s genome. 

A growing list of retailers will likely offer patrons the ability to customize and streamline the shopping 
experience. Customers can opt‐in to using a retailers system that understands their preferences, knows 
their  shopping  histories,  makes  specially  discounted  offers  based  on  preferences  and  previous 
selections,  knows  what  they  have  selected  as  they  move  around  a  retail  space,  and  automatically 
deducts funds from their accounts as they bypass the lines at the checkout counter. Customer can be 
offered these incentives because of the underlying efficiencies that these new systems enable.  

Most  major  metropolitan  cities  will  have  public  safety  systems  similar  the  ones  currently  in  use  in 
Chicago and  London. In addition,  these public safety systems will be integrated with law  enforcement 
systems  at  the  state  and  federal  government  level.  In  spite  of  the  fact  that  more  that  50%  of  the  US 
population  will  live  in  a  city,  by  2015  cities  will  actually  be  safer  places  to  live  than  suburban  or  rural 
areas. 


IBM’s Smarter Planet and Storage  
For  IT  administrators  that  will  be  tasked  with  resolving  storage  architectural  and  management  issues 
that  could  arise,  the  question  is:  what  impact  will  these  projects  and  the  technologies  deployed  to 
support them have on the storage environment, both now and in the future? 

One  way  to  address  this  question  is  to  first  determine  what  attributes  storage  must  present  to  these 
converged data applications and then match these attributes to actual storage devices and systems.  We 
believe this approach is smarter for buyers than starting with a particular technology in mind and then 
attempting  to  fit  it  to  various  application  requirements.    Regardless  of  the  approach,  the  discussion 
quickly  gets  to  technology.    Here,  we  use  IBM’s  storage  product  portfolio  as  a  reference,  since  it 
supports  the  important  performance  and  scalability  requirements  and  is  used  successfully  in  several 
Smarter Planet deployments.    

Pervasive  information  systems  and  applications  are  likely  to  require  the  following  attributes  of  the 
storage infrastructure: 

Scalability 
Depending on the application and the desired platform, IBM offers storage system scalability in multiple 
dimensions. IBM’s DS8700 takes a more traditional scale‐up storage controller‐based approach. It scales 
to 2 PB of tiered storage, and up to 32 internal controller processors to maximize I/O performance as 

    Copyright 2010, Evaluator Group, Inc.                                                                            Page 5 of 9     
 




 
                                                                                                                        

IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions
 
the number of external, server‐facing I/O ports increases on the front‐end and disk storage capacity is 
added on the back‐end.  IBM’s XIV system is a virtualized storage array that achieves scalability through 
the addition  of nodes within a grid framework, which adds more I/O performance and fault resilience 
capabilities as capacity grows.    

Given the sheer size of the data volumes in play for some applications, accessing data using block‐based 
protocols  is  not  efficient.  Storage  subsystems  based  on  larger  constructs  than  blocks  such  as  data 
objects the size of many blocks may be a better match for these “big data” applications. IBM’s Scale‐out 
NAS (SONAS) can answer this requirement. Like XIV, SONAS also features a grid‐based architecture, but 
divides the workload between interface nodes for I/O processing and storage nodes for managing access 
to disk. Both interface and storage nodes can be scaled independently. SONAS supports up to 7.2 PB of 
raw storage using 1 TB drives, and will scale to greater capacities as larger capacity drives are introduced 
and incorporated.   

Performance 
The first RFID reference architecture proposed in 2003 prescribed a computational system supported by 
a real‐time, in memory event database (RIED). Rotating disk is considered to be too slow for these types 
of applications. However, server‐based memory is expensive and for some situations—a database that is 
too large to fit into memory for example—flash‐based solid‐state disk (SSD) can outperform the highest 
performance  rotating  disk  by  a  wide  margin.  SSD  is  now  generally  available  as  a  discrete  storage  tier 
within a high‐performance disk system. 

Storage  systems  are  emerging  that  offer  differing  levels  of  performance  to  match  the  demands  of 
specific  applications.  Today,  most  storage  systems  integrate  flash  memory  based  SSD  as  a  high‐
performance tier but, like server‐based memory, SSD can be an expensive alternative.  

Currently,  IBM  offers  two  storage  systems‐based  approaches  to  SSD  optimization.  IBM  Easy  Tier 
automatically migrates data based on the performance requirements of the application environment as 
sensed by Easy Tier software residing in the storage system, and works at the sub‐LUN, or sub‐volume 
level.  With  IBM’s  SAN  Volume  Controller  (SVC),  configurations  that  support  SSD  and  are  used  in 
conjunction  with  IBM’s  Tivoli  Storage  Productivity  Center  (TPC)  to  help  IT  administrators  identify  “hot 
spots”  within  the  disk  systems  attached  to  SVC  and  migrate  data  to  SSD  based  on  recommendations 
made  by  TPC.    TPC  further  assists  this  process  by  generating  scripts  to  automate  non‐disruptive  data 
movement under SVC.  

Change Data Propagation using Data Copy Functions 
Copies  of  data  are  often  required.    For  example,  a  copy  of  a  production  database  used  with  OLTP 
systems  may  be  needed  for  use  in  analytic  processes.  Storage‐based  data  copy  functions  can  be  used 
here. IBM offers a number of these including: 

          SVC and DS8700 FlashCopy Copy‐on‐Write – This function creates the appearance of a copy of 
          data but improves efficiency by copying only data that is changed, usually a fraction of the total 
          data volume involved. 



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            XIV Snapshots – A virtually unlimited number of point‐in‐time “pictures” of XIV‐based volumes 
            can be created using minimal additional storage for each “picture”. 

            SVC FlashCopy to different devices – A copy of data can be created on a different disk system 
            enabling storage used for a copy to be matched to the application using the copy.  For example, 
            analytic processes may have very different performance requirements from OLTP applications  

Efficiency 
It  is  precisely  because  pervasive  data  sources  can  generate  huge  data  volumes  that  storage 
infrastructures  need  to  be  far  more  efficient  than  they  are  now.  There  are  two  ways  to  measure 
efficiency in the context of Smarter Planet: management practices that reduce complexity and maximize 
administrative effectiveness, and storage devices that optimize internal efficiency. 

Disk storage virtualization, offered by IBM SVC and XIV, groups available storage into ‘pools’ that helps 
address both measures: configuration of storage is less complex and, because applications share storage 
in a pool, storage use is also better optimized. 

SVC and XIV support ”thin provisioning”, which automatically allocates disk space to applications only as 
needed.    Thin  provisioning  eliminates  the  need  to  pre‐allocate  disk  for  future  growth  and  enables 
acquisition of additional disk space as growth occurs.  

SVC  also  makes  it  easier  to  pool  together  new  and  existing  storage  to  support  Smarter  Planet 
applications.  Configuration and utilization of storage are improved, acquisition of new or replacement 
storage  can  be  reduced  or  delayed,  and  migration  to  new  storage  can  be  done  without  disruption  to 
applications. 

Process improvements can also drive efficiency.  IBM Storage Optimization and Integration Services uses 
best practices and software to improve storage strategy, architecture, reporting, and operations.  

Internal  efficiency  for  backup  storage  targets  can  be  optimized  by  implementing  data  deduplication 
processes  that  eliminate  redundancies  among  stored  data  objects  (volumes,  files,  and  blocks).  IBM 
ProtecTIER offers high throughput deduplication for both mainframe and open systems environments. 
Tivoli Storage Manager includes client and server deduplication for disk storage pools. 

Data protection 
Smarter  Planet  applications  can  be  particularly  stressful  on  existing  data  protection  processes.  Data 
volumes get larger given the sheer amounts of data being generated while traditional backup windows 
get smaller and may in fact disappear. In addition, many of these applications are generating relatively 
large data volumes at distributed sites (RFID‐enabled retail outlets for example). Storage administrators 
have  traditionally  had  difficulty  protecting  data  at  remote  sites.  Pervasive  data  applications  only 
exacerbate the problem. The situation calls for very new ways to approach data protection. 

Two very different technologies—mirroring for continuous change data capture and data deduplication, 
can  enable  the  efficient  protection  of  these  data  volumes.  IBM  Metro  Mirror  and  Global  Mirror,  and 
TSM  FastBack  technologies  continuously  capture  only  changed  data,  supporting  near  continuous 
operations for systems that can’t be down for as long as it takes to perform a traditional recovery.  


    Copyright 2010, Evaluator Group, Inc.                                                                Page 7 of 9     
 




 
                                                                                                                            

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Data deduplication removes redundancies in the data to further reduce the amount of data managed. 
When  a  backup  is  needed  for  recovery,  it  is  “rehydrated”  automatically  upon  restore  to  preserve  the 
original content. Data deduplication is able to dramatically decrease the amount of disk space required 
for  backup  data  when  disk  is  used  as  a  backup  target,  while  retaining  the  significant  performance 
improvements that disk based backup devices have over tape.   

Archiving, retention, and compliance 
While data archiving solutions may seem to be the farthest thing away from delivering the new types of 
information  envisioned  by  Smarter  Planet,  they  in  fact  are  critical  as  well.  It  is  not  uncommon  to  find 
organizations  where  “save  everything  forever”  is  the  default  policy  for  digital  archiving.  For  Smarter 
Planet  applications,  this  practice  is  irrational  and  unsustainable.  Needed  here  are  functions,  best 
practices,  and  automated  processes  that  make  data  retention  manageable  and  can  potentially  turn 
archival data into a meaningful source of information for operational business intelligence applications. 
These include: 

Active  archiving  software  for  email,  file  systems,  SAP  and  other  key  applications  that  works  by  using 
policies  to  identify  older  or  less‐frequently  used  information  and  redirecting  data  to  a  more  efficient 
tiered storage environment.   

Automated Tiering, which moves data from primary storage to archive storage, is implemented in IBM 
Information Archive and Tivoli Storage Manager.  Archive storage tiers can include high capacity SATA 
disk,  tape,  non‐erasable  non‐rewritable  storage  for  compliance,  and  cascaded  storage  arrays  that  no 
longer meet primary storage requirements.     

Tape File Systems add new archival use cases for tape technology. Tape File Systems, such as IBM’s Long 
Term  File  System  for  LTO‐5,  allow  users  to  access  data  on  tape  as  if  it  were  on  disk,  so  data  and  the 
applications that use it can stay in synch over time.   

IBM  Information  Lifecycle  Management  Services  uses  best  practices  for  data  classification,  tiered 
storage implementation, content management, archive and retention to help customers better manage 
information based on its business value. 

Acquisition Alternatives 
When budgeting for Smarter Planet projects, we believe that it is important to consider alternatives to 
outright  purchase  such  as  equipment  leasing,  managed  services  and  OPEX‐based  project  financing. 
Why? These  projects may require a significant commitment of  both capital and human resources, but 
typically  reduce  operating  expenses  sufficiently  to  justify  the  investment.    Applying  off‐balance  sheet 
financing alternatives to IT projects allows IT administrators to move projects forward as an operational 
expense when the CFO wants to conserve capital. We also note that IT provisioning in general is moving 
in the direction of new services delivery models as exemplified by the cloud computing structures that 
are now emerging. Services are paid for as they are consumed, usually on a monthly basis. Payment for 
the underlying infrastructure can also be made on a monthly basis and IBM Global Finance can be used 
to structure the acquisition alternative for Smarter Planet projects.  



                                                                                      Copyright 2011, Evaluator Group, Inc. 
Page 8 of 9  
 
 
IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions


Conclusion 
Traditional data warehousing and business intelligence applications typically provide enterprises with an 
analysis  of  the  past  because  they  are  built  upon  data  that  represents  past  activity.  And  while  these 
applications  have  served  and  continue  to  serve  decision  makers,  there  no  doubt  exists  a  desire  to 
integrate  and  combine  wired  and  wireless  data  sources  into  the  data  analytics‐based  decision  making 
process such that actionable information is delivered in as close to real time as possible. We believe this 
to be a fundamental objective of IBM’s smarter planet. 

For  customers  to  succeed  with  new  implementations  of  pervasive  information  systems,  we  have  very 
briefly outlined what IBM storage technologies and services may be needed in the context of the new 
data  analytics  models  now  emerging  and  how  IBM  delivers  them.  As  one  can  see,  some  overlapping 
capability  does  exist  at  a  general  level.  For  instance,  the  decision  to  use  SSD  for  scale‐up  application 
acceleration  or  virtualization  to  avoid  hot  spots  will  depend  on  a  number  of  factors,  not  the  least  of 
which  is  what  fits  best  with  the  existing  environment.    What  IBM  demonstrates  is  an  ability  to  bring 
these  capabilities  to  bear  on  Smarter  Planet  projects  for  a  wide  range  of  use  cases  and  customer 
deployment scenarios. 

 

 




    Copyright 2010, Evaluator Group, Inc.                                                                       Page 9 of 9     
 




 

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IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions by John Webster, Evaluator Group - external

  • 1. IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions John Webster February, 2011 Technology Insight Series Eval u ato r Group
  • 2. IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions Copyright 2010 Evaluator Group, Inc.  All rights reserved.    Copyright 2010, Evaluator Group, Inc.  Page 1 of 9       
  • 3.     IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions   Executive Summary  IBM’s  “Let’s  Build  a  Smarter  Planet”  TV  ads  portray  a  vision  of  interconnected  systems  producing  actionable information in real time. The ad campaign is very much in keeping with core values IBM has  honed for decades.   In the beginning IBM manufactured computers for companies that, initially, didn’t know what to do with  them. So IBM had to first show them how to compute. IBM had to sell computing first before it could  sell  computers.  Smarter  Planet  builds  on  that  legacy  to  draw  attention  to  a  fundamental  way  to  use  computing in a business context for the 21st century—one that encompasses a myriad of sensory devices  and compute nodes all working within an “orchestrated” system of systems.  It’s a big picture message that IBM is fundamentally delivering in these ads: systems that harvest data  from  a  variety  of  wired  and  wireless  sources  are  capable  of  producing  new  types  of  information  and  solving  some  of  humanity’s  most  important  problems.  And  while  these  may  feel  futuristic  even  for  seasoned  IT  professionals,  the  technologies  needed  to  turn  the  vision  into  reality  (RFID,  GPS,  pattern  recognition, Complex Event Processing, and so on) are here and now. Pervasive Analytics is one term we  have  seen  that  has  been  used  to  describe  the  integration  of  pervasive  data  sources  with  existing  business intelligence systems to produce useable information for a wide range of decision makers in real  or near‐real time1.   Here  we  examine  a  fundamental  question  for  storage  professionals:  what  possible  role  does  storage  play on a “smarter planet?” In this paper, we show that pervasive data‐generating technologies are now  available,  that  emerging  applications  are  harnessing  them,  and  that  there  is  a  desire  among  business  executives  across  a  broad  range  of  industry  segments  to  mine  these  applications  for  competitive  advantage in some cases, and for the well‐being of humanity in others. But, where does storage fit and  what roles do storage technologies play?   How real is Smarter Planet?   In a book by Chris Stakutis and John Webster entitled “Inescapable Data – Harnessing the Power of  Convergence,” published in 2005, the coauthors speak of developing new information sources – possibly  in real time – from the convergence of networked systems with pervasive, digital sensory and wireless  technologies including radio frequency identification (RFID), global positioning system (GPS), charge‐ coupled device (CCD) imaging, cellular telephony, and others.  In 2004, most senior executives  interviewed for the book said they were aware of and understood the underlying technologies.  Some  were moving ahead with initial projects. Now, there are many examples of pervasive information  systems built upon the successes of initial deployments.    Some examples from five years ago and today include:                                                                 1  From a paper entitled “The Analytics Revolution: Optimizing Reporting and analytics to Make Actionable  Intelligence Pervasive,” by David Loshin, Knowledge Integrity, Inc.   Copyright 2011, Evaluator Group, Inc.  Page 2 of 9      
  • 4. IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions Healthcare  2004  The CEO of a major metropolitan teaching hospital described an ongoing pilot project that used RFID in  an operating room setting. Plastic patient bracelets contained RFID tags that were detected when the  patient was wheeled into the OR.  The clinical system in the OR would immediately identify the patient,  verify the scheduled procedure, provide the clinicians with a checklist of equipment and medications  that needed to be in the OR at the beginning of the procedure, and have the patient’s medical history  available for immediate recall. RFID was also being used in another project where medication containers  were tagged so as to verify that a drug being administered to a patient was in fact one that had been  prescribed. The CEO reported that the reduction in the hospital’s insurance rates would more than pay  for these projects in the first year.  2010  Today  healthcare  providers  are  investing  in  a  broad  range  of  sensory  devices  and  interconnected  systems  to  improve  patient  outcomes  and  do  so  cost  effectively.  With  the  median  age  of  the  US  population  rising,  the  number  of  people  at  risk  of  chronic  illness  is  the  highest  ever—a  contributing  factor  to  rising  healthcare  costs.  The  healthcare  industry  is  now  beginning  to  use  a  variety  of  sensory  devices  to  empower  self‐care,  reduce  the  number  of  episodes  that  result  in  doctor  visits  and  hospitalization,  and  improve  a  patient’s  sense  of  well‐being  and  morale2.  These  devices  communicate  with  a  healthcare  network,  often  via  a  home  PC  or  laptop,  or  sometimes  via  a  robot,  to  provide  a  continuous communications link between patient and healthcare provider. Devices include:  • Wearable,  wireless  sensors  and  wireless‐enabled  stationary  devices    (wireless‐connected  bathroom  scales  for  example)  that  communicate  with  a  laptop  or  robotic  device  in  a  home  environment that report  blood pressure, weight, respiration, pulse, and other vital signs, daily  and sometimes hourly.  • Mobile  and  stationary  robotic  devices  that  can  query  patients  every  day  confirm  that  medications  are  taken  when  prescribed  for  example,  and  monitor  the  current  state  of  a  patient’s condition.  • The  wireless  ePen  –  a  pen  used  by  the  patient  to  complete  a  daily  checklist.  The  results  from  check‐off items (meals, exercise routines, emotional state, pain intensity, etc.) are transmitted  to a local data collection station (PC, laptop) connected to the healthcare network.    These devices and others are the endpoints of a network of systems that provides:  • Patient data aggregation points communicating with centralized healthcare systems  • Patient tracking, reporting, and alerting for clinicians and healthcare professionals in real time if  required  • Bidirectional communication between patients and providers  • Electronic patient records and historical patient data                                                               2  Healthcare 2.0, a presentation made by Chris Stakutis at the Spring 2010 Storage Networking World conference,  Orlando ,FL.  Copyright 2010, Evaluator Group, Inc.  Page 3 of 9       
  • 5.     IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions     As  a  result,  patient  outcomes  can  be  dramatically  improved  simply  by  keeping  them  out  of  hospitals.  Practitioners  can  also  analyze  the  resulting  data  across  a  broad  patient  population  to  see  the  effectiveness of one treatment protocol compared with another.   Retail  2004  The CEO of a large metropolitan retail chain described a project that used wireless digital video cameras  to track the how shoppers moved around on a retail floor. The system’s primary application was to track  customer  movements  and  count  the  number  of  customers  as  they  entered  and  left  a  particular  sales  area.  Using  this  data,  the  company  could  better  understand  in‐store  traffic  patterns  and  optimize  product placement, optimize staffing levels throughout the day, and measure the impact of advertising  and special promotions.  2010    A  business  analytics  system  at  Rooms  to  Go,  an  innovative  nationwide  furniture  retailer,  uncovers  market trends and customer buying behaviors to improve up‐sell and cross‐sell results. The system from  IBM  integrates  several  regional  transactional  databases  into  a  single  enterprise  data  warehouse  that  delivers  comprehensive  sales  reports  to  help  staff  identify  buying  patterns,  among  other  things.  The  system increases sales by helping staff optimize floor planning, and reduces advertising costs by helping  staff  target  promotions  to  the  most  likely  buyers.  The  system  also  helps  the  retailer’s  buyers  make  inventory purchase decisions based on relationships among the data rather than gut feel.  A Small Window on 2015  As pervasive information systems move forward, a new compute paradigm will be established—one that  leverages and places maximum value in the delivery of information in real time. It will not be enough to  know what has happened in the past or what may happen based on past events. Both organizations and  individuals will want to know what’s happening now, and to have the ability to make predictions based  on both what is happening now and what just took place a moment ago. The more the mechanics of real  time information delivery are understood, the more we will all want to use it.   Additionally, corporate executives will want to use these systems to eliminate inefficiency and waste to  the  greatest  extent  possible.  This  will  come  as  the  result  of  the  system  integration  work  now  being  driven by the emergence of cloud computing.  The technologies that will foster real‐time information delivery and increased efficiency are:  1. The  continued  delivery  of  systems  performance  increases  driven  by  advances  we  can  already  see in silicon chip processing and the possible commercialization of nano technology   Copyright 2011, Evaluator Group, Inc.  Page 4 of 9      
  • 6. IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions 2. Systems integration on a scale that is massive when compared to what is going on today. The  word we use to describe this integration effort is “cloud.” We may well be calling it something  different five years from now.  By 2015 we could well see the following:  In  healthcare,  the  use  of  electronic  patient  records  among  healthcare  providers  is  commonplace.  Massive  system  integration  within  the  healthcare  industry  will  give  researchers  the  ability  to  perform  therapeutic studies in a fraction of the time now required. Advances in genomics will have reduced the  cost  of  recording  an  individual  human  genome  to  an  affordable  level.  Treatment  therapies  will  be  individualized and structured around a patient’s genome.  A growing list of retailers will likely offer patrons the ability to customize and streamline the shopping  experience. Customers can opt‐in to using a retailers system that understands their preferences, knows  their  shopping  histories,  makes  specially  discounted  offers  based  on  preferences  and  previous  selections,  knows  what  they  have  selected  as  they  move  around  a  retail  space,  and  automatically  deducts funds from their accounts as they bypass the lines at the checkout counter. Customer can be  offered these incentives because of the underlying efficiencies that these new systems enable.   Most  major  metropolitan  cities  will  have  public  safety  systems  similar  the  ones  currently  in  use  in  Chicago and  London. In addition,  these public safety systems will be integrated with law  enforcement  systems  at  the  state  and  federal  government  level.  In  spite  of  the  fact  that  more  that  50%  of  the  US  population  will  live  in  a  city,  by  2015  cities  will  actually  be  safer  places  to  live  than  suburban  or  rural  areas.  IBM’s Smarter Planet and Storage   For  IT  administrators  that  will  be  tasked  with  resolving  storage  architectural  and  management  issues  that  could  arise,  the  question  is:  what  impact  will  these  projects  and  the  technologies  deployed  to  support them have on the storage environment, both now and in the future?  One  way  to  address  this  question  is  to  first  determine  what  attributes  storage  must  present  to  these  converged data applications and then match these attributes to actual storage devices and systems.  We  believe this approach is smarter for buyers than starting with a particular technology in mind and then  attempting  to  fit  it  to  various  application  requirements.    Regardless  of  the  approach,  the  discussion  quickly  gets  to  technology.    Here,  we  use  IBM’s  storage  product  portfolio  as  a  reference,  since  it  supports  the  important  performance  and  scalability  requirements  and  is  used  successfully  in  several  Smarter Planet deployments.     Pervasive  information  systems  and  applications  are  likely  to  require  the  following  attributes  of  the  storage infrastructure:  Scalability  Depending on the application and the desired platform, IBM offers storage system scalability in multiple  dimensions. IBM’s DS8700 takes a more traditional scale‐up storage controller‐based approach. It scales  to 2 PB of tiered storage, and up to 32 internal controller processors to maximize I/O performance as  Copyright 2010, Evaluator Group, Inc.  Page 5 of 9       
  • 7.     IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions   the number of external, server‐facing I/O ports increases on the front‐end and disk storage capacity is  added on the back‐end.  IBM’s XIV system is a virtualized storage array that achieves scalability through  the addition  of nodes within a grid framework, which adds more I/O performance and fault resilience  capabilities as capacity grows.     Given the sheer size of the data volumes in play for some applications, accessing data using block‐based  protocols  is  not  efficient.  Storage  subsystems  based  on  larger  constructs  than  blocks  such  as  data  objects the size of many blocks may be a better match for these “big data” applications. IBM’s Scale‐out  NAS (SONAS) can answer this requirement. Like XIV, SONAS also features a grid‐based architecture, but  divides the workload between interface nodes for I/O processing and storage nodes for managing access  to disk. Both interface and storage nodes can be scaled independently. SONAS supports up to 7.2 PB of  raw storage using 1 TB drives, and will scale to greater capacities as larger capacity drives are introduced  and incorporated.    Performance  The first RFID reference architecture proposed in 2003 prescribed a computational system supported by  a real‐time, in memory event database (RIED). Rotating disk is considered to be too slow for these types  of applications. However, server‐based memory is expensive and for some situations—a database that is  too large to fit into memory for example—flash‐based solid‐state disk (SSD) can outperform the highest  performance  rotating  disk  by  a  wide  margin.  SSD  is  now  generally  available  as  a  discrete  storage  tier  within a high‐performance disk system.  Storage  systems  are  emerging  that  offer  differing  levels  of  performance  to  match  the  demands  of  specific  applications.  Today,  most  storage  systems  integrate  flash  memory  based  SSD  as  a  high‐ performance tier but, like server‐based memory, SSD can be an expensive alternative.   Currently,  IBM  offers  two  storage  systems‐based  approaches  to  SSD  optimization.  IBM  Easy  Tier  automatically migrates data based on the performance requirements of the application environment as  sensed by Easy Tier software residing in the storage system, and works at the sub‐LUN, or sub‐volume  level.  With  IBM’s  SAN  Volume  Controller  (SVC),  configurations  that  support  SSD  and  are  used  in  conjunction  with  IBM’s  Tivoli  Storage  Productivity  Center  (TPC)  to  help  IT  administrators  identify  “hot  spots”  within  the  disk  systems  attached  to  SVC  and  migrate  data  to  SSD  based  on  recommendations  made  by  TPC.    TPC  further  assists  this  process  by  generating  scripts  to  automate  non‐disruptive  data  movement under SVC.   Change Data Propagation using Data Copy Functions  Copies  of  data  are  often  required.    For  example,  a  copy  of  a  production  database  used  with  OLTP  systems  may  be  needed  for  use  in  analytic  processes.  Storage‐based  data  copy  functions  can  be  used  here. IBM offers a number of these including:  SVC and DS8700 FlashCopy Copy‐on‐Write – This function creates the appearance of a copy of  data but improves efficiency by copying only data that is changed, usually a fraction of the total  data volume involved.  Copyright 2011, Evaluator Group, Inc.  Page 6 of 9      
  • 8. IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions XIV Snapshots – A virtually unlimited number of point‐in‐time “pictures” of XIV‐based volumes  can be created using minimal additional storage for each “picture”.  SVC FlashCopy to different devices – A copy of data can be created on a different disk system  enabling storage used for a copy to be matched to the application using the copy.  For example,  analytic processes may have very different performance requirements from OLTP applications   Efficiency  It  is  precisely  because  pervasive  data  sources  can  generate  huge  data  volumes  that  storage  infrastructures  need  to  be  far  more  efficient  than  they  are  now.  There  are  two  ways  to  measure  efficiency in the context of Smarter Planet: management practices that reduce complexity and maximize  administrative effectiveness, and storage devices that optimize internal efficiency.  Disk storage virtualization, offered by IBM SVC and XIV, groups available storage into ‘pools’ that helps  address both measures: configuration of storage is less complex and, because applications share storage  in a pool, storage use is also better optimized.  SVC and XIV support ”thin provisioning”, which automatically allocates disk space to applications only as  needed.    Thin  provisioning  eliminates  the  need  to  pre‐allocate  disk  for  future  growth  and  enables  acquisition of additional disk space as growth occurs.   SVC  also  makes  it  easier  to  pool  together  new  and  existing  storage  to  support  Smarter  Planet  applications.  Configuration and utilization of storage are improved, acquisition of new or replacement  storage  can  be  reduced  or  delayed,  and  migration  to  new  storage  can  be  done  without  disruption  to  applications.  Process improvements can also drive efficiency.  IBM Storage Optimization and Integration Services uses  best practices and software to improve storage strategy, architecture, reporting, and operations.   Internal  efficiency  for  backup  storage  targets  can  be  optimized  by  implementing  data  deduplication  processes  that  eliminate  redundancies  among  stored  data  objects  (volumes,  files,  and  blocks).  IBM  ProtecTIER offers high throughput deduplication for both mainframe and open systems environments.  Tivoli Storage Manager includes client and server deduplication for disk storage pools.  Data protection  Smarter  Planet  applications  can  be  particularly  stressful  on  existing  data  protection  processes.  Data  volumes get larger given the sheer amounts of data being generated while traditional backup windows  get smaller and may in fact disappear. In addition, many of these applications are generating relatively  large data volumes at distributed sites (RFID‐enabled retail outlets for example). Storage administrators  have  traditionally  had  difficulty  protecting  data  at  remote  sites.  Pervasive  data  applications  only  exacerbate the problem. The situation calls for very new ways to approach data protection.  Two very different technologies—mirroring for continuous change data capture and data deduplication,  can  enable  the  efficient  protection  of  these  data  volumes.  IBM  Metro  Mirror  and  Global  Mirror,  and  TSM  FastBack  technologies  continuously  capture  only  changed  data,  supporting  near  continuous  operations for systems that can’t be down for as long as it takes to perform a traditional recovery.   Copyright 2010, Evaluator Group, Inc.  Page 7 of 9       
  • 9.     IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions   Data deduplication removes redundancies in the data to further reduce the amount of data managed.  When  a  backup  is  needed  for  recovery,  it  is  “rehydrated”  automatically  upon  restore  to  preserve  the  original content. Data deduplication is able to dramatically decrease the amount of disk space required  for  backup  data  when  disk  is  used  as  a  backup  target,  while  retaining  the  significant  performance  improvements that disk based backup devices have over tape.    Archiving, retention, and compliance  While data archiving solutions may seem to be the farthest thing away from delivering the new types of  information  envisioned  by  Smarter  Planet,  they  in  fact  are  critical  as  well.  It  is  not  uncommon  to  find  organizations  where  “save  everything  forever”  is  the  default  policy  for  digital  archiving.  For  Smarter  Planet  applications,  this  practice  is  irrational  and  unsustainable.  Needed  here  are  functions,  best  practices,  and  automated  processes  that  make  data  retention  manageable  and  can  potentially  turn  archival data into a meaningful source of information for operational business intelligence applications.  These include:  Active  archiving  software  for  email,  file  systems,  SAP  and  other  key  applications  that  works  by  using  policies  to  identify  older  or  less‐frequently  used  information  and  redirecting  data  to  a  more  efficient  tiered storage environment.    Automated Tiering, which moves data from primary storage to archive storage, is implemented in IBM  Information Archive and Tivoli Storage Manager.  Archive storage tiers can include high capacity SATA  disk,  tape,  non‐erasable  non‐rewritable  storage  for  compliance,  and  cascaded  storage  arrays  that  no  longer meet primary storage requirements.      Tape File Systems add new archival use cases for tape technology. Tape File Systems, such as IBM’s Long  Term  File  System  for  LTO‐5,  allow  users  to  access  data  on  tape  as  if  it  were  on  disk,  so  data  and  the  applications that use it can stay in synch over time.    IBM  Information  Lifecycle  Management  Services  uses  best  practices  for  data  classification,  tiered  storage implementation, content management, archive and retention to help customers better manage  information based on its business value.  Acquisition Alternatives  When budgeting for Smarter Planet projects, we believe that it is important to consider alternatives to  outright  purchase  such  as  equipment  leasing,  managed  services  and  OPEX‐based  project  financing.  Why? These  projects may require a significant commitment of  both capital and human resources, but  typically  reduce  operating  expenses  sufficiently  to  justify  the  investment.    Applying  off‐balance  sheet  financing alternatives to IT projects allows IT administrators to move projects forward as an operational  expense when the CFO wants to conserve capital. We also note that IT provisioning in general is moving  in the direction of new services delivery models as exemplified by the cloud computing structures that  are now emerging. Services are paid for as they are consumed, usually on a monthly basis. Payment for  the underlying infrastructure can also be made on a monthly basis and IBM Global Finance can be used  to structure the acquisition alternative for Smarter Planet projects.   Copyright 2011, Evaluator Group, Inc.  Page 8 of 9      
  • 10. IBM Smarter Planet Storage Solutions Conclusion  Traditional data warehousing and business intelligence applications typically provide enterprises with an  analysis  of  the  past  because  they  are  built  upon  data  that  represents  past  activity.  And  while  these  applications  have  served  and  continue  to  serve  decision  makers,  there  no  doubt  exists  a  desire  to  integrate  and  combine  wired  and  wireless  data  sources  into  the  data  analytics‐based  decision  making  process such that actionable information is delivered in as close to real time as possible. We believe this  to be a fundamental objective of IBM’s smarter planet.  For  customers  to  succeed  with  new  implementations  of  pervasive  information  systems,  we  have  very  briefly outlined what IBM storage technologies and services may be needed in the context of the new  data  analytics  models  now  emerging  and  how  IBM  delivers  them.  As  one  can  see,  some  overlapping  capability  does  exist  at  a  general  level.  For  instance,  the  decision  to  use  SSD  for  scale‐up  application  acceleration  or  virtualization  to  avoid  hot  spots  will  depend  on  a  number  of  factors,  not  the  least  of  which  is  what  fits  best  with  the  existing  environment.    What  IBM  demonstrates  is  an  ability  to  bring  these  capabilities  to  bear  on  Smarter  Planet  projects  for  a  wide  range  of  use  cases  and  customer  deployment scenarios.      Copyright 2010, Evaluator Group, Inc.  Page 9 of 9