SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  43
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Carbon Chemistry ,[object Object],[object Object],Figure 4.1
Carbon Chemistry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],(a) Methane (b) Ethane (c) Ethene (ethylene) Molecular Formula Structural Formula Ball-and-Stick Model Space-Filling Model H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 2 H 4 Name and  Comments Figure 4.3 A-C
[object Object],H O N C Hydrogen (valence = 1) Oxygen (valence = 2) Nitrogen (valence = 3) Carbon (valence = 4) Figure 4.4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H (a) Length (b) Branching (c) Double bonds (d) Rings Ethane Propane Butane isobutane 1-Butene 2-Butene Cyclohexane Benzene H H H H H Figure 4.5 A-D
Hydrocarbons ,[object Object],[object Object],(a) A fat molecule (b) Mammalian adipose cells 100 µm Fat droplets (stained red) Figure 4.6 A, B
Isomers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H CO 2 H CH 3 NH 2 C CO 2 H H CH 3 NH 2 X X X X C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C (a) Structural isomers (b) Geometric isomers (c) Enantiomers H Figure 4.7 A-C
[object Object],L-Dopa (effective against Parkinson’s disease) D-Dopa (biologically inactive) Figure 4.8
Functional Groups ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CH 3 OH HO O CH 3 CH 3 OH Estradiol Testosterone Female lion Male lion Figure 4.9
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],> FUNCTIONAL GROUP STRUCTURE (may be written HO  ) HYDROXYL  CARBONYL  CARBOXYL OH In a hydroxyl group  (—OH), a hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of the organic molecule. (Do not confuse this functional group with the hydroxide ion, OH – .) When an oxygen atom is double-bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group, the entire assembly of atoms is called a  carboxyl group  (—COOH). C O O C OH Figure 4.10 The  carbonyl group   (  C  O) consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond.
Some important functional groups of organic compounds Aldehydes the carbonyl group  is  at the end  of  the carbon skeleton Acetic acid,  which gives vinegar its sour tatste NAME OF  COMPOUNDS Alcohols  (their specific names usually end in - ol ) Carboxylic acids,  or organic acids EXAMPLE Propanal,  an aldehyde Acetone,  the simplest ketone Ethanol,  the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages H H H H H C C OH H H H H H H H C C H C C C C C C O H OH O H H H H H O H Figure 4.10 Ketones   the carbonyl group is  within  a  carbon skeleton
[object Object],> FUNCTIONAL GROUP STRUCTURE (may be written HO  ) HYDROXYL  CARBONYL  CARBOXYL OH In a hydroxyl group  (—OH), a hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of the organic molecule. (Do not confuse this functional group with the hydroxide ion, OH – .) When an oxygen atom is double-bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group, the entire assembly of atoms is called a  carboxyl group  (—COOH). C O O C OH Figure 4.10 The  carbonyl group   (  C  O) consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond.
Some important functional groups of organic compounds Acetic acid,  which gives vinegar its sour taste NAME OF  COMPOUNDS Alcohols  (their specific names usually end in - ol ) Carboxylic ,   or organic acids EXAMPLE Propanal,  an aldehyde Acetone,  the simplest ketone Ethanol,  the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages H H H H H C C OH H H H H H H H C C H C C C C C C O H OH O H H H H H O H Figure 4.10
[object Object],The  amino group  (—NH 2 ) consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton. AMINO  SULFHYDRYL  PHOSPHATE (may be written HS  ) The  sulfhydryl group  consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen; resembles a hydroxyl group in shape. In a  phosphate group,  a phosphorus atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms; one oxygen is bonded to the carbon skeleton; two oxygens carry negative charges; abbreviated  P . The phosphate group (—OPO 3 2– ) is an ionized form of a phosphoric acid group (—OPO 3 H 2 ; note the two hydrogens). N H H SH O P O OH OH Figure 4.10
Alkanes : hydrocarbons with all  single  bonds Topics to know & understand: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4  Molecular Form .  Condensed Form .  Line Drawing C 3 H 8 C 4 H 10 C 5 H 12
[object Object],Chapter 4  C 4 H 10 C 5 H 12 C 5 H 12
[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4  2,8  di-ethyl-dodecane 1 12
[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Organic chemistry for Dummies
Organic chemistry for DummiesOrganic chemistry for Dummies
Organic chemistry for DummiesCheryl Anne
 
Organic chemistry nomenclature
Organic chemistry nomenclatureOrganic chemistry nomenclature
Organic chemistry nomenclaturebadarlasandeep
 
General view of organic chemistry and iupac
General view of organic chemistry  and iupacGeneral view of organic chemistry  and iupac
General view of organic chemistry and iupacLiwayway Memije-Cruz
 
Organic Chemistry: Structure and Nomenclature
Organic Chemistry: Structure and NomenclatureOrganic Chemistry: Structure and Nomenclature
Organic Chemistry: Structure and NomenclatureIndra Yudhipratama
 
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR CLASS XI CBSE
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR CLASS XI CBSEORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR CLASS XI CBSE
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR CLASS XI CBSEkapde1970
 
Organic Chemistry: Classification of Organic Compounds: Seminar
Organic Chemistry: Classification of Organic Compounds: SeminarOrganic Chemistry: Classification of Organic Compounds: Seminar
Organic Chemistry: Classification of Organic Compounds: Seminarulcerd
 
Application of organic chemistry ok1294986436
Application of organic chemistry   ok1294986436Application of organic chemistry   ok1294986436
Application of organic chemistry ok1294986436Iit Examination
 
Oc 02 Functional Groups Handout
Oc 02 Functional Groups HandoutOc 02 Functional Groups Handout
Oc 02 Functional Groups Handoutguest32022f
 
Organic Chemistry: Introductory Topics
Organic Chemistry: Introductory TopicsOrganic Chemistry: Introductory Topics
Organic Chemistry: Introductory Topicswewwchemistry
 
Grade 10 Organic Chemistry
Grade 10 Organic ChemistryGrade 10 Organic Chemistry
Grade 10 Organic ChemistryAlice Palmer
 
10.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
10.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry10.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
10.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistrydcroo1
 
Chemistry M5 Organic Chemistry
Chemistry M5 Organic ChemistryChemistry M5 Organic Chemistry
Chemistry M5 Organic ChemistryeLearningJa
 

Tendances (20)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
ORGANIC CHEMISTRYORGANIC CHEMISTRY
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
 
Organic chemistry for Dummies
Organic chemistry for DummiesOrganic chemistry for Dummies
Organic chemistry for Dummies
 
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistryOrganic chemistry
Organic chemistry
 
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistryOrganic chemistry
Organic chemistry
 
Advanced practical organic chemistry
Advanced practical organic chemistryAdvanced practical organic chemistry
Advanced practical organic chemistry
 
Hydrocarbons
HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
 
Organic chemistry nomenclature
Organic chemistry nomenclatureOrganic chemistry nomenclature
Organic chemistry nomenclature
 
General view of organic chemistry and iupac
General view of organic chemistry  and iupacGeneral view of organic chemistry  and iupac
General view of organic chemistry and iupac
 
Organic Chemistry: Structure and Nomenclature
Organic Chemistry: Structure and NomenclatureOrganic Chemistry: Structure and Nomenclature
Organic Chemistry: Structure and Nomenclature
 
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR CLASS XI CBSE
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR CLASS XI CBSEORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR CLASS XI CBSE
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR CLASS XI CBSE
 
Chemistry 2
Chemistry 2Chemistry 2
Chemistry 2
 
Organic Chemistry: Classification of Organic Compounds: Seminar
Organic Chemistry: Classification of Organic Compounds: SeminarOrganic Chemistry: Classification of Organic Compounds: Seminar
Organic Chemistry: Classification of Organic Compounds: Seminar
 
Selected topics in Chemistry
Selected topics in ChemistrySelected topics in Chemistry
Selected topics in Chemistry
 
Application of organic chemistry ok1294986436
Application of organic chemistry   ok1294986436Application of organic chemistry   ok1294986436
Application of organic chemistry ok1294986436
 
Organic Compounds classification
Organic Compounds classificationOrganic Compounds classification
Organic Compounds classification
 
Oc 02 Functional Groups Handout
Oc 02 Functional Groups HandoutOc 02 Functional Groups Handout
Oc 02 Functional Groups Handout
 
Organic Chemistry: Introductory Topics
Organic Chemistry: Introductory TopicsOrganic Chemistry: Introductory Topics
Organic Chemistry: Introductory Topics
 
Grade 10 Organic Chemistry
Grade 10 Organic ChemistryGrade 10 Organic Chemistry
Grade 10 Organic Chemistry
 
10.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
10.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry10.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
10.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
 
Chemistry M5 Organic Chemistry
Chemistry M5 Organic ChemistryChemistry M5 Organic Chemistry
Chemistry M5 Organic Chemistry
 

En vedette

Photosynthesis lecture
Photosynthesis lecturePhotosynthesis lecture
Photosynthesis lectureIBslides
 
Photosynthesis lecture 2
Photosynthesis lecture 2Photosynthesis lecture 2
Photosynthesis lecture 2IBslides
 
03 water text
03 water text03 water text
03 water textIBslides
 
05 macromolecules
05  macromolecules05  macromolecules
05 macromoleculesIBslides
 
02 chemistry text
02  chemistry text02  chemistry text
02 chemistry textIBslides
 
Cellular respiration lecture
Cellular respiration lectureCellular respiration lecture
Cellular respiration lectureIBslides
 
Mitosis and cytokinesis
Mitosis and cytokinesisMitosis and cytokinesis
Mitosis and cytokinesisIBslides
 

En vedette (7)

Photosynthesis lecture
Photosynthesis lecturePhotosynthesis lecture
Photosynthesis lecture
 
Photosynthesis lecture 2
Photosynthesis lecture 2Photosynthesis lecture 2
Photosynthesis lecture 2
 
03 water text
03 water text03 water text
03 water text
 
05 macromolecules
05  macromolecules05  macromolecules
05 macromolecules
 
02 chemistry text
02  chemistry text02  chemistry text
02 chemistry text
 
Cellular respiration lecture
Cellular respiration lectureCellular respiration lecture
Cellular respiration lecture
 
Mitosis and cytokinesis
Mitosis and cytokinesisMitosis and cytokinesis
Mitosis and cytokinesis
 

Similaire à Org chem lecture

Application of organic chemistry ok1294986436
Application of organic chemistry   ok1294986436Application of organic chemistry   ok1294986436
Application of organic chemistry ok1294986436Navin Joshi
 
Naming of organic compounds ii, 23 (3)
Naming of organic compounds ii, 23 (3)Naming of organic compounds ii, 23 (3)
Naming of organic compounds ii, 23 (3)K. Shahzad Baig
 
Introduction To Carbon Compound
Introduction To Carbon CompoundIntroduction To Carbon Compound
Introduction To Carbon CompoundMohd Norihwan
 
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of LifeCarbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of LifeWesley McCammon
 
Alcohols, alkyl halides and ethers
Alcohols, alkyl halides and ethersAlcohols, alkyl halides and ethers
Alcohols, alkyl halides and ethersAli Hmood
 
Alcohols, Alkyl halides and Ethers
Alcohols, Alkyl halides and EthersAlcohols, Alkyl halides and Ethers
Alcohols, Alkyl halides and EthersAli Hmood
 
Carbon and its compound
Carbon and its compoundCarbon and its compound
Carbon and its compoundPiyush Kumar
 
Or Ganic Intro
Or Ganic IntroOr Ganic Intro
Or Ganic Introscuffruff
 
Organic-Chemistry-Chemical-Structure-and-Hydrocarbons.pptx
Organic-Chemistry-Chemical-Structure-and-Hydrocarbons.pptxOrganic-Chemistry-Chemical-Structure-and-Hydrocarbons.pptx
Organic-Chemistry-Chemical-Structure-and-Hydrocarbons.pptxNadySecatin
 
Std10 Ch 9 - Carbon Compounds
Std10 Ch 9 - Carbon CompoundsStd10 Ch 9 - Carbon Compounds
Std10 Ch 9 - Carbon CompoundsGurudatta Wagh
 
Organic Introduction - Saturated Compounds and Naming
Organic  Introduction - Saturated Compounds and NamingOrganic  Introduction - Saturated Compounds and Naming
Organic Introduction - Saturated Compounds and Namingreynoldskm
 
\\D Nashome\Users\G00589026\My Documents\Bio Ch 4 Pwpt
\\D Nashome\Users\G00589026\My Documents\Bio Ch 4 Pwpt\\D Nashome\Users\G00589026\My Documents\Bio Ch 4 Pwpt
\\D Nashome\Users\G00589026\My Documents\Bio Ch 4 PwptRachelEMcKernan
 
Unit-Two organic 1.pptx
Unit-Two organic 1.pptxUnit-Two organic 1.pptx
Unit-Two organic 1.pptxdemewezsiber
 

Similaire à Org chem lecture (20)

HYDROCARBON.pptx
HYDROCARBON.pptxHYDROCARBON.pptx
HYDROCARBON.pptx
 
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistryOrganic chemistry
Organic chemistry
 
Application of organic chemistry ok1294986436
Application of organic chemistry   ok1294986436Application of organic chemistry   ok1294986436
Application of organic chemistry ok1294986436
 
Naming of organic compounds ii, 23 (3)
Naming of organic compounds ii, 23 (3)Naming of organic compounds ii, 23 (3)
Naming of organic compounds ii, 23 (3)
 
Introduction To Carbon Compound
Introduction To Carbon CompoundIntroduction To Carbon Compound
Introduction To Carbon Compound
 
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of LifeCarbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
 
Organic chem
Organic chemOrganic chem
Organic chem
 
Alcohols, alkyl halides and ethers
Alcohols, alkyl halides and ethersAlcohols, alkyl halides and ethers
Alcohols, alkyl halides and ethers
 
Alcohols, Alkyl halides and Ethers
Alcohols, Alkyl halides and EthersAlcohols, Alkyl halides and Ethers
Alcohols, Alkyl halides and Ethers
 
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistryOrganic chemistry
Organic chemistry
 
Ch 25 sec1
Ch 25 sec1Ch 25 sec1
Ch 25 sec1
 
Carbon and its compound
Carbon and its compoundCarbon and its compound
Carbon and its compound
 
Or Ganic Intro
Or Ganic IntroOr Ganic Intro
Or Ganic Intro
 
Organic-Chemistry-Chemical-Structure-and-Hydrocarbons.pptx
Organic-Chemistry-Chemical-Structure-and-Hydrocarbons.pptxOrganic-Chemistry-Chemical-Structure-and-Hydrocarbons.pptx
Organic-Chemistry-Chemical-Structure-and-Hydrocarbons.pptx
 
Std10 Ch 9 - Carbon Compounds
Std10 Ch 9 - Carbon CompoundsStd10 Ch 9 - Carbon Compounds
Std10 Ch 9 - Carbon Compounds
 
Organic Introduction - Saturated Compounds and Naming
Organic  Introduction - Saturated Compounds and NamingOrganic  Introduction - Saturated Compounds and Naming
Organic Introduction - Saturated Compounds and Naming
 
Chapter 22
Chapter 22Chapter 22
Chapter 22
 
\\D Nashome\Users\G00589026\My Documents\Bio Ch 4 Pwpt
\\D Nashome\Users\G00589026\My Documents\Bio Ch 4 Pwpt\\D Nashome\Users\G00589026\My Documents\Bio Ch 4 Pwpt
\\D Nashome\Users\G00589026\My Documents\Bio Ch 4 Pwpt
 
Bio Ch 4 Pwpt
Bio Ch 4 PwptBio Ch 4 Pwpt
Bio Ch 4 Pwpt
 
Unit-Two organic 1.pptx
Unit-Two organic 1.pptxUnit-Two organic 1.pptx
Unit-Two organic 1.pptx
 

Org chem lecture

  • 1. Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Some important functional groups of organic compounds Aldehydes the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon skeleton Acetic acid, which gives vinegar its sour tatste NAME OF COMPOUNDS Alcohols (their specific names usually end in - ol ) Carboxylic acids, or organic acids EXAMPLE Propanal, an aldehyde Acetone, the simplest ketone Ethanol, the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages H H H H H C C OH H H H H H H H C C H C C C C C C O H OH O H H H H H O H Figure 4.10 Ketones the carbonyl group is within a carbon skeleton
  • 14.
  • 15. Some important functional groups of organic compounds Acetic acid, which gives vinegar its sour taste NAME OF COMPOUNDS Alcohols (their specific names usually end in - ol ) Carboxylic , or organic acids EXAMPLE Propanal, an aldehyde Acetone, the simplest ketone Ethanol, the alcohol present in alcoholic beverages H H H H H C C OH H H H H H H H C C H C C C C C C O H OH O H H H H H O H Figure 4.10
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.