1) A survey of yellow rust in wheat was conducted across Tajikistan in 2010 following standardized methodology. Severity assessments and varietal reactions were recorded in over 100 wheat fields. 2) Epidemiological studies found yellow rust epidemics occur every 4-5 years, causing 20-50% yield losses. Race analysis identified 5 races with multiple virulence genes. 3) National wheat breeding efforts utilized international germplasm and advanced lines for disease resistance testing and official variety trials. Most breeding lines were susceptible to yellow rust, stressing the need for continued international cooperation.

1. Breeding, Survey and Epidemiology of Yellow Rust in Tajikistan in 2010 Mahbubjon Rahmatov, Hafiz Muminjanov, Zebuniso Eshonova, Ahad Ibrohimov, Mirzoali Karimov, Mogens Hovmøller, Kumarse Nazari, Alexey Morgounov, Arne Hede, Eva Johansson mahbubjon@gmail.com

2. OUTLINE SURVEY AND MONITORING OF YELLOW RUST IN 2010 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF YELLOW RUST IN 2010 YELLOW RUST RACE ANALYSIS NATIONAL WHEAT BREEDING ACTIVITY IN 2010 UTILIZED GERMPLSM FOR WHEAT BREEDING CYCLE IN 2010 RESULTS OF WHEAT BREEDING IN 2010 CONCLUSIONS

3. Wheat in Tajikistan Wheat is a main staple food crop Bread wheat is growing about 350 000 ha Production about 650 000 t. in 2009 Average yield is 2.0 -2.2 t/ha. More than 60% of daily calories for people Yellow Rust is most important disease

4. SURVEY AND MONITORING OF YELLOW RUST IN 2010 Yellow Rust Survey and Monitoring were conducted in main wheat growing areas The survey and monitoring were followed by BGRI standardized methodology During flowering and milk/dough growing stage (April-May) The assessment for severities based on modified Cobb scale (Peterson et al. 1948), and the reaction by Roelfs et al, 1992 More than 100 wheat fields were surveyed

5. Surveyed and Monitored Locations in Different Agro Ecological Areas and breeding trials

6. Survey and Monitoring of Yellow Rust in Tajikistan in 2010

7. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF YELLOW RUST IN 2010 In Tajikistan yellow rust epidemics occurred an intervals of 4-5 years The epidemiology of yellow rust were investigated in all wheat growing areas both under irrigation and rainfed conditions in 2010. The grain yield losses were investigated in susceptible varieties ranges between 20 to 50% in farmer fields.

8. Yield data during 2006-2010 in Seed Farm, North of Tajikistan

9. Yield data during 2006-2010 in Seed Farm, Central Part of Tajikistan

10. YELLOW RUST RACE ANALYSIS During Survey and Monitoring yellow rust samples were collected for race analysis The yellow rust were submitted to GRRC The yellow rust race analysis was done according Hovmøller & Justesen, 2007 The identification of YR races were based on 26 differential varieties and 8 NIL in Avocet S background

11. RACE ANALYSIS A total of five races were detected within 14 recovered isolates, based on differential varieties We used differentials carrying: Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr4, Yr5, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr24, Yr25, Yr27 and Yr32 Three races were multi-virulent, combining virulence towards Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr4, Yr6, Yr9, Yr25 and Yr32 Four races had virulence towards Yr27

12. YELLOW RUST TRAP NURSERY IN 2010 3rd IYRTN was provided through ICARDA Trap nursery was used to survey the presence of individuals factor of the yellow rust population in 2010

13. Virulence and Avirulence Genes in Yellow Rust Trap Nursery in 2010 Virulence Genes: Yr1, Yr2, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, YrA, YrSp, Yr21, Yr22, 23, Yr27, Yr29,Yr31 and Yr32 Avirulence Genes: Yr5, Yr8,Yr10, Yr15, and Yr17

14. NATIONAL WHEAT BREEDING ACTIVITY IN 2010 The role of National Wheat Breeding Program is high importance in collaboration with Int. Centers International cooperation has been established within the framework of National Wheat Breeding program

15. Utilized Germplasm for Wheat Breeding Cycle in 2010 Breeding genotypes were obtained from CIMMYT, IWWIP, ICARDA and OSU Three widely grown varieties were used as a local reference in each nursery namely Navruz, Alex and Starshina

16. Selection Process in the North of Tajikistan

17. Final Selection in Central of Tajikistan

18. Results High level of YR were recorded in the breeding trials over three locations 70% of breeding lines were damaged by YR and was showed susceptible reactions from 30S to 100S in the breeding nurseries

19. The Number of Selected Genotypes in 2010 from Different Nurseries

20. Submitted advanced lines for official testing in 2010 OTUS/TOBA97, HUAYUN INIA, KAUZ*2/CHEN//BCN/3/MILAN, CBRD/KAUZ, CMH82A.1294/2*KAUZ//MUNIA/CHTO/3/MILAN.

21. Conclusions Yellow rust is an important disease in Tajikistan Annually conducting of survey and monitoring are necessary to define status of yellow rust in Tajikistan. Yield loss in seed farm were ranged from 20-50% Wheat breeding programs must strengthen in cooperation with International Wheat Breeding programs to enhance the germplasm collection which resistance for yellow rust and other diseases

22. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ICARDA CIMMYT Global Rust Reference Center IWWIP Oklahoma State University BGRI FAO