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Jordan : Water Secuirty
1. Water Security
International Conference on Policies for Water and Food
Security in Dry Areas
24th to 26th of June, Cairo, Egypt
Eng. Mohammed Hiary
HashemiteKingdomeof
JORDAN
2. Jordan Overview
• Total area 89.213 km2.
• $31 Billion GDP.
• 6.2 Million Population,
80 percent urban.
• World Trade
Organization member
since 2000.
• upper middle-income,
per-capita GNI of
US$4,340.
InternationalConferenceon
PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June,
Cairo,Egypt
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WB 2012
3. Jordan Overview
• Jordan has limited natural resources, potash
and phosphate are the main export
commodities.
• limited agricultural land, and water is
especially scarce.
• Ranks as the world’s fourth poorest country in
terms of water resources.
• Services account for more than 70 percent of
(GDP) and more than 75 percent of jobs.
InternationalConferenceon
PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June,
Cairo,Egypt
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WB 2012
4. Jordan’s Agricultural sector
• 285 ha cultivated area.
• 90 ha forest area.
• 2.7 % contribution in GDP.
• 18.2% contribution in total exports.
• 850.000 tons total exports quantity
• $1.217 Billion total exports value.
• Net Exporter of Fruits and vegetables
(Tomato, Eggplant, Pepper, Peach,
Watermelon…)
• Net Importer of grains (Wheat, corn,
Barley…)
InternationalConferenceon
PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June,
Cairo,Egypt
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5. Jordan’s Agricultural sector
• Most Vegetable production cultivated
under drip irrigation systems, both
open field, and green houses.
• Olive Oil mainly produced in Rain fed
orchards.
• Stone fruits and grape production
depends on groundwater exploitation.
• Irrigation Water resources are Rainfall,
springs, Artesian wells, treated waste
water, and dams.
• Farming units
• 3-4 ha in Jordan Valley
• 20-50 ha in high lands
• 1 or less ha rain fed orchards
InternationalConferenceon
PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June,
Cairo,Egypt
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6. Agricultural sector’s Strategic
goals
1. Increase food production.
2. Sustain natural resources
and conserve environment.
1. Enhance investment in agriculture.
2. Achieve Rural development.
3. Raise water use efficiency at farm scale.
4. Improve Agricultural production add value and
increase its share in GDP.
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PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June,
Cairo,Egypt
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8. Self Sufficiency Ratio (SSR)
Total
production
(Ton)
%
Sufficiency
Item
198011.8Wheat
292856.1Barley
548913.8Beef
1078941lamb
19048686Chicken
777820226Tomato
51733105Table Egg
21648382Potato
19447103Olive oil
InternationalConferenceon
PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June,
Cairo,Egypt
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DOS 2011
9. Strategic goals… Irrigation
water
1. Reducing the annual water allocation for irrigation in
Jordan Valley to 261 MCM in 2022 (293 MCM in 2007) and
in the Highlands to 191 MCM in 2022 (304 MCM in 2007)
2. Establishing efficient bulk water distribution as well as
efficient on-farm irrigation systems.
3. Using treated wastewater for activities that demonstrate the
highest financial and social return including irrigation and
other non-potable uses.
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24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
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10. Strategic goals… Irrigation
water
4. Establish one service provider for irrigation water for the
whole country, whereas the retail function for irrigation water
will be privatized and/or handled by empowered farmers’
associations.
5. Set a Tariff of water and introduce incentives to promote
water efficiency in irrigation and higher economic returns for
irrigated agricultural products.
6. Promote alternative technologies such as rainwater
harvesting for enhancing irrigation water supply.
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24-26June,Cairo,Egypt
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15. Water policies and food security
Constraints
• Water demand is over supply.
• Water supply exceeds resources.
• Population growth and immigrations amplify water
and food demand .
• Drought seasons and rain fall uncertainty stress water
resources.
• Local Food demand.
(regional off season producer)
• Employment in the sector.
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PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June,
Cairo,Egypt
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19. Water harvest Switch crop
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PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26
June,Cairo,Egypt
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20. Desalination Out flow control
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PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26
June,Cairo,Egypt
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21. InternationalConferenceon
PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26
June,Cairo,Egypt
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Water policy Action Justification Results Constrains
Reduce
annual water
allocation for
irrigation
purposes
South
agricultural
companies
stoppage (10
thousand ha)
Convey 100
MCM of
drinking water
to Amman
Reduce total
country
production
(23% potato, 17%
onion, 9.5% water
melon)
•Local
Unemploym
ent.
Reduce
annual water
allocation for
irrigation
purposes
Control
water out
flow
through
Jordan Valley
Canal
Manage the
seasonal
demand
Change
cropping
pattern
•Unplanned
changed
Improve
water
distribution
Establish
Water user
associations
(WUA)
Improve water
use efficiency
16 WUA •Weak team
work spirit.
•Finance
dependent
Associations
22. InternationalConferenceon
PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26June,
Cairo,Egypt
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Water
policy
Action Justification Results Constrains
Use of
Alternative
technologies
Implement
water harvest
techniques
Run off and
Evaporation of
rainfall (95%)
Construct
45 sites (3.3
MCM)
•Need for Fund
Reinforce
regulation
(85/2002)
Escalated
Tariff on wells
exploitation
Suppress over-
exploitation
Only
Generate
income
•Farmers
Mentality
Reinforce
regulation
(85/2002)
Monitoring
wells
Suppress over-
exploitation
reduction in
illegal wells
no.
•Conflict of
interest
Waste water
treatment
27
wastewater
treatment
plants
Shortage of
supply
104 MCM
used in
agriculture
•Sewage systems
uncover 33% of
population
•Implementation
costs
23. Results & impacts on Food
• Consumption changes due farmers Switch
production (stone fruits)
• Less supply of food
• Prices Increase.
• Export quantities decrease.
• Food Shortage in import countries (winter time)
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PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26
June,Cairo,Egypt
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24. Recommendationsto policy-makers
1. Desalination, waste water
treatment, and water
harvesting are safe substitute
resources for Jordan.
2. Changing mentality of users will
improve water use efficiency.
3. Crop planning is a vital key to
sustain water and enhance
agricultural production.
4. Water pricing for all uses must
be cost dependent.
InternationalConferenceon
PoliciesforWaterandFood
SecurityinDryAreas–24-26
June,Cairo,Egypt
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