D4_Zahler

Concentrating Collectors for Process Heat Applications Dipl.-Phys. Christian Zahler PSE GmbH consulting engineers for renewable energies www.pse.de 15 June Local Renewables 2007

Survey ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Collector: Key Component for Conversion of Solar Radiation to Heat Market available technology concentration ratio

Developments: Concentrating Process Heat Collectors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: IEA-SHIP

Installed Capacity and Produced Energy - Worldwide (2005) Difficult: electric / thermal capacity, rated / max. power Source: IEA-SHC

Final Energy Consumption example: Germany Source : ARGE Energiebilanzen, VDE - Projektgruppe Nutzenergiebilanzen, Data from 2003

Temperature distribution of Process Heat Demand example: Austria Source: Neubarth, Kaltschmitt, 2000

Solar Cooling! Office building in southern Europe (e.g. Madrid) Source: Henning, Fraunhofer ISE

Solar Cooling ,[object Object],[object Object]

Solar thermally driven air conditioning Thermally driven cooling process heat chilled water conditioned air Source: Henning, Fraunhofer ISE

Coefficient of Performance - COP Source: Henning, Fraunhofer ISE Overview

Heat driven cooling cycle Absorption Technology Driving Heat Heat rejection Useful cold Heat rejection

When can solar AC be applied? Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],Source: Henning, Fraunhofer ISE

Absorption chillers - today‘s systems single-effect absorption double-effect absorption many products > 100 kW; few products <100 kW; water/LiBr, T drive  75°C...110°C ammonia/water, T drive > 160°C COP  0.7; several manufacturers; often direct fired; no products <100 kW; in most cases water/LiBr; COP  1.1; T drive  140°C...180°C Source: Henning, Fraunhofer ISE Absorption Technology

Typical figures Absorption Technology high COP dry cooling low temperature & advantages 0,6-0,7 1,1-1,4 0,7-0,8 Max. COP 160-180°C 140-180°C 70-90°C Driving temperature -20°-20°C 5-20°C 5-20°C Temperature of Cold 55 K 25 K 25 K Temperature lift (max) Single effect NH 3 /H 2 O Double effect H 2 O/LiBr Single effect H 2 O/LiBr

Chiller Producers ,[object Object],[object Object],Absorption Technology

Produktionshallen in Griechenland Solar cooling plants Hotel air-conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Henning, Fraunhofer ISE

Solar cooling Office building (demonstration plant) in Italy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Realised Projects in Europe Solar Cooling with process heat collectors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Henning, Fraunhofer ISE

Cooling Demand Solar Cooling with process heat collectors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Winter, Fraunhofer IUSE, Februar 2006

Market Opportunities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Henning, Fraunhofer ISE

Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Linear concentrating Fresnel-Collector Solar Radiation Secondary Reflector Fresnel Reflector Absorber Tube

First Prototype by Giovanni Francia

Present activities on linear Fresnel collectors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PSE: Why not process heat? Linear Fresnel Process Heat Collector

Fresnel Collector for Solar Cooling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1 st Prototype Freiburg Linear Fresnel Process Heat Collector

1 st Prototype Freiburg Measurements Linear Fresnel Process Heat Collector

2 nd Prototype Bergamo Linear Fresnel Process Heat Collector

2 nd Prototype Italy Measurements 19.09.2006 Linear Fresnel Process Heat Collector

1 st Prototype Freiburg efficiency Linear Fresnel Process Heat Collector

Gross Heat Production Linear Fresnel Process Heat Collector

How much is it? ,[object Object]

Summary + Next steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

D4_Zahler

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