Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)
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Durante l’intervento verranno presentati i cardini del processo di ricerca delle informazioni mediante la consultazione di fonti di pubblico accesso. Sarà illustrata la teoria alla base di questo processo che prevede l’identificazione delle fonti, la selezione e la valutazione del loro contenuto informativo per arrivare infine all’utilizzo stesso dell’informazione estratta. Nella seconda fase della presentazione verranno mostrati i tool e le metodologie per l’estrazione di informazioni mediante l’analisi di documenti, foto, social network e altre fonti spesso trascurate. In ultimo saranno mostrati sistemi in grado di correlare diverse informazioni provenienti dalle fonti aperte e verranno discussi i relativi scenari di utilizzo nonché le possibili contromisure.
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Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)
- 1. Open Source INTelligence Gabriele Zanoni @infoshaker OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 2. SIKUREZZA.ORG Index Informa+on that we share Introduc+on to OSINT Tools and examples The power of analysis Summary OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 3. SIKUREZZA.ORG InformaCon that we share OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 4. Social networks expose our private and professional life… SIKUREZZA.ORG OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 5. SIKUREZZA.ORG Companies expose their own informaCon… OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 6. SIKUREZZA.ORG IntroducCon to OSINT OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 7. It’s not a tool , it’s not a website , it’s not with fee it’s not free… SIKUREZZA.ORG OSINT Open Source INTelligence is intelligence collected from publicly available sources. [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_intelligence OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 8. Why OSINT In a world that changes rapidly we need to have high quality informa+on in the exact moment that we need it. SIKUREZZA.ORG OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 9. What’s the value we get from OSINT «You see? you hesitate. But as a captain, you can't. You have to act. If you don't, you put the en+re crew at risk. Now that's the job. It's not a science. You have to be able to make hard decisions based on imperfect informa+on. Asking men to carry out orders that may result in their deaths. And if you're wrong, you suffer the consequences. If you're not prepared to make those decisions, without pause, without reflec+on, then you've got no business being a submarine captain.» SIKUREZZA.ORG Lt. Commander Mike Dahlgren U-‐571 OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 10. SIKUREZZA.ORG How can we use OSINT? • What’s the need? Raw Data • Mailing List • Newsgroup • Chat • Pastebin • Blog Preprocessed Data • Journals • Publica+ons Elaborated Data • Researches • Reports • Analysis Alerts in real time Handling and Monitoring of the situation State of the Art OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 11. SIKUREZZA.ORG How can we use OSINT? • What’s the need? • How to reach the scope? Raw Data Preprocessed Data Elaborated Data • Dedicated search engineers • Keywords • Ad-‐hoc early warning systems • Feeds from generic sources of informa+on • “standard” monitoring systems • Are available “when ready” • Feeds from specialist sources Ways to perform the searches Alerts in real time Handling and Monitoring of the situation State of the Art OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 12. Volume of the data you have to parse SIKUREZZA.ORG Time VS Quality VS Efforts TIME QUALITY Level of the effort Reliability Relevancy } Quality OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 13. SIKUREZZA.ORG The InformaCon Search Process Discovery Selec+on Formula+on Delivery OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 14. SIKUREZZA.ORG #HowToFail • Incomplete iden+fica+on of the sources • Not always structured data -‐> Are you searching in a library on in a bazar? • “Not easy to access” data -‐> methods and/or formats • Too many info «It refers to a hypothe.cal situa.on wherein an ass that is equally hungry and thirsty is placed precisely midway between a stack of hay and a pail of water. Since the paradox assumes the ass will always go to whichever is closer, it will die of both hunger and thirst since it cannot make any ra.onal decision to choose one over the other..» hbp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buridan%27s_ass OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 15. SIKUREZZA.ORG TOOLS AND EXAMPLES OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 16. SIKUREZZA.ORG Analysis of a Web Site • From the website to the people – Owners – Shareholders – Maintainers – Etc… OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 17. SIKUREZZA.ORG Who has registered a website OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 18. SIKUREZZA.ORG An example OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 19. SIKUREZZA.ORG Back in Cme OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 20. SIKUREZZA.ORG Registro Imprese OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 21. SIKUREZZA.ORG Finding people on Social Networks Finding a nick: • h^p://namechk.com • h^p://www.namechecklist.com • h^p://www.namecheckr.com OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 22. Creepy -‐ h^p://ilektrojohn.github.io/creepy/ • A Geoloca+on OSINT Tool. Offers geoloca+on informa+on gathering through social networking plaiorms. • Support: – Flickr – Instagram – Twiber SIKUREZZA.ORG OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 23. SIKUREZZA.ORG Image Analysis • Where a photo has been taken ? hbp://imageforensic.org OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 24. SIKUREZZA.ORG Law and the metadata “La proposta di legge di Gabriella Carlucci per “regolamentare Internet” è in realtà l’ennesimo goffo provvedimento “an+pirateria” mascherato da qualcosa d’altro. Del resto l’onorevole Carlucci si è faba in ques+ anni una vera e propria competenza in materia (dove competenza è termine da maneggiare con estrema prudenza). E comunque la proposta Carlucci liberamente scaricabile sul suo blog in formato .doc ha qualcosa di strano. Come ha notato Guido Scorza il computer sul quale il documento è stato scribo è intestato ad un certo Daniele Rossi di Univideo. Evidentemente un amico di Gabriella, omonimo del presidente della Unione Italiana Editoria audiovisivi.” hbp://www.rigeneriamoci.com/i-‐metada+-‐e-‐lon-‐carlucci/ OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 25. OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org SIKUREZZA.ORG
- 26. Why metadata are important • You will discover the true authors of the documents • Or clues about if the documents have been shared with someone (e.g. the user that has saved the document) • Verify if the document is from a certain company, person etc.. • Who is working in a company o for a specific company SIKUREZZA.ORG OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 27. SIKUREZZA.ORG Finding Metadata with FOCA hbps://www.elevenpaths.com/labs-‐tools-‐foca.html OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 28. Foca and Foca Forensics • Foca: it’s a tool to scan websites and download documents in order to extract metadata in those documents • Foca Forensics: same as Foca, but it works on already downloaded data SIKUREZZA.ORG • Download: • hbp://www.informa+ca64.com/foca.aspx • hbp://www.informa+ca64.com/forensicfoca/ OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 29. SIKUREZZA.ORG Foca Forensics Anonymous has leaked some data and you want to verify if the informa+on contained is true…. You have to download the data and scan it with Foca Forensics OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 30. SIKUREZZA.ORG Shodan -‐ h^p://www.shodanhq.com/ • Shodan is a system able to index services and devices on Internet • You can easily iden+fy Webcams, Web administra+on systems, vulnerable sorware (e.g. based on the sorware banner) OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 31. Fbstalker -‐ h^ps://github.com/milo2012/osintstalker SIKUREZZA.ORG OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 32. Maltego -‐ h^ps://www.paterva.com Maltego is an open source intelligence and forensics applica+on. It will offer you +mous mining and gathering of informa+on as well as the representa+on of this informa+on in a easy to understand format. A Maltego analysis can start from: – A SIKUREZZA.ORG person name – A document – An email – A phone – Etc.. OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 33. OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org SIKUREZZA.ORG
- 34. OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org SIKUREZZA.ORG
- 35. OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org SIKUREZZA.ORG
- 36. OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org SIKUREZZA.ORG
- 37. OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org SIKUREZZA.ORG
- 38. SIKUREZZA.ORG The power of analysis OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 39. hbp://wisdomofcrowds.blogspot.it/2009/12/vox-‐populi-‐sir-‐francis-‐galton.html SIKUREZZA.ORG Nobody knows…together we know! OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 40. SIKUREZZA.ORG Who is using OSINT ? “For the past three years, Elaine Rich and 3,000 other average people have been quietly making probability estimates about everything from Venezuelan gas subsidies to North Korean politics as part of , an experiment put together by three well-known psychologists and some people inside the intelligence community.” “According to one report, the predictions made by the Good Judgment Project are often better even than intelligence analysts with access to classified information, and many of the people involved in the project have been astonished by its success at making accurate predictions.” http://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/04/02/297839429/-so-you-think-youre-smarter-than-a-cia-agent http://www.goodjudgmentproject.com/ OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 41. There is a funny comic strip in which the father gives this advice to his son: “You should pay a-en0on while choosing your dog's name because it will be your security ques0on answer for the rest of your life!” hbp://gizmodo.com/5947393/remember-‐youre-‐not-‐only-‐naming-‐your-‐pet-‐youre-‐also-‐securing-‐your-‐digital-‐future OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org SIKUREZZA.ORG
- 42. SIKUREZZA.ORG Reality Check! http://www.theguardian.com/technology/askjack/2008/sep/19/security.email OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 43. How do you answer your security quesCons? The scope is to op+mize the abacks making low noise. SIKUREZZA.ORG Info for password cracking: • Girlfriend/wife name • Pet name • Date of Birth • Sport teams • Place of birth • Addresses • List of schools OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 44. I know where you are…I know your password! hbp://www.oversecurity.net/2014/02/27/casaleggio-‐bucato-‐la-‐ password-‐usata-‐e-‐lindirizzo-‐della-‐sede-‐legale/ SIKUREZZA.ORG OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 45. Google Hacking #1 – The unexpected Knowledge of Google Operators and how Internet or sorware work helps reach any informa+on SIKUREZZA.ORG OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 46. Google Hacking #2 – Passwords from backups SIKUREZZA.ORG OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 47. SIKUREZZA.ORG So you forgot to remove the geo-‐tag ? OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 48. Shodan -‐ how to idenCfy the distribuCon of a vuln • A recent vulnerability about a backdoor listening on port TCP/32764 in Linksys WAG200G (and also on some other devices) has been published • Using Shodan is possible to map the vulnerability SIKUREZZA.ORG • hbp://shodanio.wordpress.com/2014/01/23/quick-‐sta+s+cs-‐on-‐the-‐router-‐backdoor-‐on-‐port-‐32764/ • hbps://github.com/elvanderb/TCP-‐32764 OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 49. Recorded Future Inc. -‐ h^ps://recordedfuture.com/ “is a sorware company based in Cambridge, Massachusebs, United States, and Gothenburg, Sweden, specializing in web intelligence and predic+ve analy+cs. Using what they call a "temporal analy+cs engine", Recorded Future provides forecas+ng and analysis tools to help analysts predict future events by scanning sources on the Internet, and extrac+ng, measuring, and visualizing the informa+on to show networks and paberns in the past, present, and future.” “Both Google (on May 3, 2010) and the CIA have invested in the company, through their investment arms, Google Ventures and In-‐Q-‐Tel, respec+vely.” SIKUREZZA.ORG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recorded_Future OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 50. SIKUREZZA.ORG Event Analysis OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 51. OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org SIKUREZZA.ORG
- 52. OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org SIKUREZZA.ORG
- 53. Analysis “Pressure cooker bombs have been more commonly seen in Indian and Southeast Asian abacks than anywhere else. Recent reports out of India also suggest that the weapon has become a “fad” in militant camps along the Afghanistan/Pakistan border. In contrast, discoun+ng thwarted abacks such as the abempted aback on Times Square in 2010, the United States has experienced just one bombing with a pressure cooker, and that was back in 1976. There’s also lible to see in Europe during the last several years.” http://analysisintelligence.com/terrorism/pressure-cooker-bombings-map/ SIKUREZZA.ORG OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 54. SIKUREZZA.ORG Summary OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 55. Summary • Pay aben+on to the informa+on we leave on Internet every day • Internet usually contains the informa+on that we need • Keeping in mind our goal we need to iden+fy the proper methods to extract the informa+on we are looking for SIKUREZZA.ORG OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org
- 56. Thank you! Gabriele Zanoni @infoshaker OSINT -‐ Fes+val ICT -‐ Sikurezza.org