1. UNITS 5 AND 6
Civics and Economics

2. Laws do the Following for US Citizens
Bring order
Provide penalties and discourage crimes
Help settle disagreements
Protect rights against abuses

3. Good Laws Are…
Fair
Reasonable
Understandable
Enforceable

4. Our Laws Come From…
Code of Hammurabi
Bible and other religious documents
Roman law
Napoleonic Code
English law
Constitution
Legislative, executive, and judicial branches

5. A Bill Can Originate From…
Congress
Citizens
President
Interest groups/lobbyists

6. How a Bill Becomes a Law
Sent to full If approved, sent
house for to other house
(process starts Congress can
approval or override
rejection again)
Idea presidential veto
Originates with 2/3 vote in
each house
Subcommittee Bill discussed
returns it to full and assigned
committee for to committee
Congress- approval for debate
member
sponsors bill President
and assigns has several
number options
(next slide)
Sent to
subcommittee If passed in both
for review houses but not in
identical form, sent to
conference committee
Sponsor
introduces it
and assigns to Standing Either
standing approved by
committee can Sent back to both both houses
committee kill, pigeonhole, houses in final form and goes to
or keep original for vote President or
can be rejected

7. When a President Gets a Bill He Can…
Sign it and make it a law
Veto the bill
Not sign for 10 days and becomes a law if Congress is in
session
Pocket veto (not sign for 10 days and is killed if Congress
is not in session)

8. Campaigns Can Be Funded…
Privately Publicly
Individuals
Presidential Election
Fundraising
Campaign Fund, through
PACs (Political Action taxes
Committees)

9. Special Interest Groups
Narrow views
Influence elections by bringing issues to the public and
lawmakers
Represent concerns of a specific group
Support candidates that support their views

10. Interest Groups Can Support…
Particular economic interest (AMA, ABA)
Particular ethnic, age, or gender (NAACP, NOW)
Specific cause (PETA, NRA)
Public interest (ACLU)

11. Candidates Make Themselves Visible
A candidate can become popular by
Advertising
Endorsements
Public appearances
Debates
Canvassing

12. Propaganda
Propaganda- information/ideas spread to affect people’s
opinion on a person, group, or issue.
Delivered through media outlets

13. Propaganda Techniques
Bandwago
Cardstockin
n- Appears g-
Glittering
that many Candidate Name
Generalitie Plain
people lists Calling-
s- Use Folks- Transfer/S
have accomplish information
attractive Make ymbol-
already ments/stati deliberatel
but vague voters feel Candidate
supported stics y shown
words that like the is shown
a comparing about
sound leaders are with
candidate opponent
good but “just like them symbols
and they that is
say them” favorably to
gained a their discrediting
nothing
significant opponent
advantage

14. Basic Rights of US Citizens
Writ of habeas corpus- Right to appear before a
judge; can’t be arrested and held without cause
No bill of attainder- Can’t be punished without a fair
hearing and trial
No ex post facto law- Can’t be punished for an action
that wasn’t against the law when committed
Due process of law- Guarantees accused fair trial
and their rights before convicted
Equal protection under law- Accused will be treated
equally under the law and have a chance to defend
themselves

15. Types of Juries
Grand Jury Petit Jury
Decides if there is enough Decides innocence or guilt
evidence to charge

16. Treason
Only crime defined in the Constitution
You can be convicted of treason if you…
o Wage war on the US
o Join the enemy
o Give comfort/aid to the enemy

17. Rights Guaranteed to the Accused
1. Grand jury must issue indictment if there is enough
evidence to hear case
2. No self incrimination (“plead the 5th”)
3. Right to adequate defense
4. Speedy and public trial
5. Trial by impartial jury
6. No double jeopardy (unless hung jury or ordered by
court)
7. Right to appeal unfavorable verdict/sentence

18. Limits On Punishment
Bail must be set in relation to crime allegedly committed
Punishment must fit crime (no cruel and unusual
punishment or fines)
Death penalty is legal in some states but not others

19. Legal Responsibilities of Citizens
Serve on jury when called
Testify in court
Obey all laws
Cooperate with law enforcement
Work peacefully to change unfair laws

20. Steps in a Civil Case
1. Attorney files 2. Court sends
complaint on behalf defendant
of plaintiff. summons.
3. Defendant’s 4. Attorneys
attorney files written exchange pleadings
answer to the to narrow down
complaint. issues and legal.
5. Attorneys present 6. Lawsuits can
slides and wait for appear before a
verdict. jury

21. Types of Civil Cases
1. Breach of contract (written or spoken)
2. Property disputes
3. Personal injury
4. Family matters
5. Suit of equity

22. Steps in a Criminal Case
Lawyers present their
Suspect is arrested cases; both sides
Jurors are selected for
and read his/her have a chance to
trial.
Miranda rights. cross examine each
others’ witnesses.
Suspect goes to Petit jury must come
Suspect is arraignment- either back with a
booked, photographed guilty (sentence date unanimous vote, or it
, and fingerprinted. is set) or not guilty is a hung jury and the
(trial date is set). case is retired.
Suspect goes to Sentence date is set if
Case goes to grand
preliminary hearing, a defendant is found
jury.
bail is set. guilty.

23. Types of Crimes
1. Against a person- attacking a person to cause injury.
• Homicide: killing
• Murder: premeditated killing
• Manslaughter: unintentional killing
• Rape
• Kidnapping

24. Types of Crimes
2. Against property:
• Larceny: taking property without using violence
• Robbery: theft by force or threat of violence
• Burglary: breaking and entering with intent to commit crime
• Arson: setting fire to property
• Vandalism: deliberate destruction of property

25. Types of Crimes
3. White collar crimes: crimes against businesses.
• Embezzlement: stealing from an employer
• Fraud: taking property by dishonest means or misrepresentation

26. Types of Crimes
4. Victimless crimes:
• gambling
• drugs
• prostitution
5. Against the government:
• treason
• terrorism

27. Penalties
• Penal codes establish different degrees and
classifications of the seriousness to crimes.
• Penalties (depends on crime- felony vs. misdemeanor.)
• Injunction
• Fines
• Restitution
• Probation
• Community service
• Suspended service

28. Purpose of Penalties
• To punish, protect, deter, and rehabilitate.
• To get parole, a criminal must:
• Get good behavior
• Serve portion of sentence
• Plead case
• Meet with parole officer
• Government gives flexibility to judges to allow for
aggravating and mitigating circumstances.

29. Juveniles in the Court System
• In NC, a juvenile delinquent is someone under 16 who
commits a serious crime/repeatedly breaks the law.
• Causes of this:
• Boredom
• Abuse Goal of juvenile court
• Neglect system is to
• Poverty rehabilitate and correct
• Substance abuse
behavior of the
juvenile, rather than
punishment.

30. Juvenile vs. Adult
1. Not photographed/fingerprinted
2. No jury, less formal hearing
3. Hearings are closed- accused, parents, lawyers, social
workers, police, and probation officers only.)
4. Found “delinquent/not delinquent” rather than guilty/not
guilty.
5. Identity is kept secret from the public
6. Records are sealed/erased at age 18

31. In Re Gault
S.C. case In Re Gault gave rights to juveniles:
1. Parents notified upon arrest and are present during
questioning
2. Juveniles and parents must be notified in writing
regarding the nature of charge
3. Right to attorney and to call/confront witnesses.

32. Levels of Punishment
1. Stern lecture
2. Community service
3. Probation
4. Training service
5. Wards of the court (live with foster family).