Presentation during IITA R4D week 2015 (23 - 27 Nov. 2015). By: F. Baijukya, P. Ebanyat, S. Adjei-Nsiah, E. Sangodele, E. Wolde-meskel T. Ampadu-Boakye, F. Kanampiu, E. Baars, B. Vanlauwe.

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Enhancing legume productivity to improve
benefits for smallholder farmers in SSA
F. Baijukya, P. Ebanyat, S. Adjei-Nsiah, E. Sangodele, E.
Wolde-meskel T. Ampadu-Boakye, F. Kanampiu, E. Baars,
B. Vanlauwe
24th November 2015
(R4D Week 2015)

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Putting Nitrogen fixation to
work for small holder farmer
Enhancing legume productivity to improve
benefits for smallholder farmers in SSA
F. Baijukya, P. Ebanyat, S. Adjei-Nsiah, E. Sangodele, E. Wolde-meskel T. Ampadu-Boakye, F.
Kanampiu, E. Baars, B. Vanlauwe
IITA R4D Week, Ibadan, November, 2015

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Why Grain Legumes?
 Enhancing agricultural productivity through (intensification and
diversification of farming systems), stimulate productivity of crops grown
in rotation, intercropping
 Protein-rich grain directly addresses food and nutrition needs of the
poor
 Diverse opportunities for women (value addition for cash income,
household nutrition, etc.)
 contribute to soil nitrogen (improving soil fertility)
 crop residues provide high-quality feed for livestock

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Hypothesis
Business led partnerships will lead to
sustainable delivery and adoption of grain
legume technologies

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Approach
 Delivery and Dissemination being the core
 M&E providing the learning/feedback
 Research (diagnosis) analyses and
feedback
D&D = Dissemination and Delivery
M&E = Monitoring and Evaluation
M&E
D&D
Research

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PROGRESS WITH DISSEMINATION &
RESEARCH

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Dissemination of best-bet Technologies

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Focal adaptations to support tailoring of
technologies
Example from DRC

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Research Responding to feedback on
technologies’ results

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Understanding cause of yield variations:
Case of Beans Tanzania

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Scatter graph of stake density (left) and stake height (right) and climbing bean
yield for the two poorest and the two wealthiest household classes in Rwanda.
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Freshgrainyield(t/ha)
Stake density (no. / ha)
Very poor or
Poor
Well-off or Rich
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
100 200 300
Stake height (cm)
Socio-economic factors in yield difference: Case
of Staking and Climbing beans yield in Rwanda

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Yields segregated by gender: case of
Rwanda
Without DAP
(kg/ha)
With DAP
(kg/ha)
Women 1107 1659
Men 1733 2517
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
ClimbingbeanyieldwithmanureandP
fertiliser(tha-1)
Climbing bean yield with manure only (t ha-1)
Women
Men

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Improving Technologies to respond to constraints
identified

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Rhizobia Bio-prospecting : Case of Common
bean, Chickpea & Faba bean in Ethiopia
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
50c
50d
51a1
51a2
51c
61a
61d
70c
73b1
73b2
73c
73d
73e1.
73e2.
73e2*
CH24-10
4x
10a
10b
12x
13x
20a
21a
40a
47x
56b
59x
75x
82x
HB429
CIAT899
USDA2667
C511
USDA110
NAK91
NAK97
NAK103
NAK104
N-
N+
shootdrwt Rootdrwt Noddrwt
Rhizobial Strains
Dryweight(g/plant)
 Potential local strains identified
 Commercialization - HB429 in Ethiopia by
Menagesha PLC inoculant company (MBI)

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Improving packages - Uganda
 Targeted modifications of nutrient management packages
required for closing on-farm yield gaps. E.g.: micronutrients
+ lime +PK for climbing bean production than only P
Baseline
yield
Grainyield(kgha-1)
Pot. yield
(a) Groundnut (b) Climbing Beans
SED AEZ** SED Fert*
SED AEZ *** SED Fert ***

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Enhancing accessing to input and output markets

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Design for Sustainability
Crosscutting Issues: Gender Mainstreaming and Enhancing Agriculture Nutrition Linkage

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Access to input (technologies) and output
Markets: Ghana & Ethiopia
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
2012 2013 2014 2015
Production and sales of inoculants in
Ethiopia
Production Volumes (packets) Sales volumes (packets)
 % Sales:
 2012-2014: 33-50%
 2015: 65%
 Main buyers:
 2012-2014: BoA, Projects
 2015: BoA, Projects, Unions
(Members and non members)
 Estimated land covered: 16,757ha
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Target Achieved Male Female
NumberofFarmers
Number of Farmers participating in collective
marketing in Ghana
2014 2015
 % increase in number of farmers:
69%
 Estimated soybeans sold in 2014:
2,390 tons
 Estimated soybeans sold in 2015:
5,160 tons
 % increase in soybeans sold
(2014-2015): 28%
*Packet-125g

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Gender Empowerment
Country Women specific businesses identified
Ghana -Bulking of soybeans for marketing
-Processing of soymilk
-Processing of Soy khebab
Ethiopia -Local women inoculant dealers for MBI in target
areas
-Grain marketing in unions/Cooperatives
Uganda -Climbing bean seed production
Borno -Bulk buying of soybean
-Fish farming (using soybean products)
-Poultry farming for youth
-Groundnut oil processing
Season
volume of seed
produced (kg) Returns (USD)
2015A 1,050 926
2015B 7,000 6,176
*50% of Returns goes into production
Women engagement in seed production in
Uganda

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Nutrition Award
 Received an award as part of three
projects out of 50 around the world
 contributions towards bridging the gaps
between nutrition, agriculture, and food
security
 An initiative of World Bank: Secure
Nutrition Knowledge Platform in
partnership with the Global Alliance for
Improved Nutrition (GAIN) and Save the
Children, UK
Award for Most Scalable Approach:
N2Africa, outstanding nutrition-
sensitive agriculture project

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Lessons learnt
 Integration of scientific disciplines (biophysical, socio-economic,
etc.) helps to unravel the constraints and understand how best to
intervene
 Market-led research leads to uptake of technologies (demand
driven)
 Transparency contributes to trust and helps build partnerships
 Business led Partnerships contributes to inputs and outputs
markets
 Demand prediction is key for the continuous supply of technologies

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Future Outlook
 Balanced nutrient combinations to improve technology packages
 Integration of socio economic factors (access to resources, gender,
etc) in improving technologies
 Further research into understanding yield gaps to reach the
potentials yields of specific crops
 Nutrient use efficiency
 Tools to enable targeting of different technologies at various scales
 Tool to determine aggregate input and output demand

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THANK YOU