Martin J Levy - Hurricane Electric - The IPv6 global view - norway ipv6 - april 2012

The IPv6 World View
– A global view of IPv6 commercial readiness

Hurricane Electric
IPv6 Native Backbone – Massive Peering!

IPv6 konferansen
Oslo, Norway – 24th April 2012

Martin J. Levy, Director IPv6 Strategy
Hurricane Electric

IPv6 Global Connectivity – Talk Outline

!! IPv6 at Hurricane Electric (I’ll keep it short and sweet!)

!! Why do we need IPv6? (Just kidding – I’m assuming that!)

!! Is the IPv6 routing table ready for the real world?

!! How to motivate people into implementing IPv6?

!! Summary – Should we panic or be happy?
Hurricane Electric - Oslo Norway - IPv6 konferansen -
April 2012 Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy Page 2

Hurricane Electric

Who is Martin Levy?


Martin Levy … ~30 years ago


Hurricane Electric

Hurricane Electric


Hurricane Electric – Roots and History
!! Founded 17+ years ago - ISP & datacenter operator

"! 1994 – Roots within the Silicon Valley high-tech community
"! 1999 – Expanded IPv4 network nationwide in the US
"! 2001 – Started IPv6 native and tunnel connectivity ( http://tunnelbroker.net )
"! 2006 – Full “technology refresh” enabled native dual-stack IPv6 backbone
"! 2008 – Became largest IPv6 backbone globally ( > 1Gbps IPv6 traffic level)
"! 2009 – Continued expansion into Asia; enabled IPv6 6to4 & Teredo global service
"! 2010 – Added more geographic coverage; expanded IPv6 6to4 and DNS service
"! 2011 – Stop talking about IPv6; just talk about the “Internet”
"! 2012 – World IPv6 Launch – 6th June 2012 – ready and waiting

Deployed fully IPv6 ready

Europe, Asia and the US
and Toronto, Canada

Further expansion in
datacenter building

expanded to 9 US,
Backbone for BGP

services in Atlanta
4 European Cities

IPv6 tunnelbroker

In Singapore and
Tokyo and Zurich

three continents
6to4 and teredo
Ranked #1 IPv6

Added services

Added services
five other cities
IPv6 backbone

dns.he.net into
Deployed IPv6
relays globally

In Stockholm,
in Hong Kong
IPv6 services
206,000 sq ft

adjacencies

Added IPv6
Purchased
Expansion

dual-stack
Rolled out
European

Added

Q1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q2
2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2011 2012


Hurricane Electric’s 11 year experience with IPv6
IANA IPv4 exh
austion!
IETF kicks o
ff IPng (IPv
6)!
2011!
1994!
1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012
Curiosity & Intrigue True operational experience

.net!
IPv6 tunnelbroker

2001! Full technology re
fresh!

2006! Deployed 6to4
& Teredo!

2009!
!! Eleven years of experience really helps!
!! IPv6 has matured
Launch!
!! 2012 – IPv6 is part of day-to-day work; no big deal! World IPv6

2012!

Hurricane Electric – IPv6 Global Network
All Hurricane Electric POPs are full IPv6 Native routing and peering

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!"#$%$ Map o IPv6 peering at all major peering
utdate
d! points in US, Europe & Asia.
Private and public peering
capacity at 10Gbps and above.


Hurricane Electric – IPv6 Native Services

!! Five+ years into fully-commercial/native IPv6 network deployment
"! Touching on 10+ years of IPv6 on the network

!! IPv6 native router platform across all POP’s
"! All IPv6 BGP customer connections are native
"! All IPv6 datacenter customer are native
"! Every customer connection is IPv6 enabled by default!

!! IPv6 dual-stack & native DNS/NTP/SMTP/Web servers
!! IPv6 & IPv4 public looking glass & route servers

!! 24/7 NOC with IPv6 expertise
Not just “Joe” on Thursdays
!! IPv6 hosting services


Hurricane Electric – IPv6 Native Services

!! Applied for and got IPv6 address allocation from RIR? #
!! Picked hardware & firmware? #
!! Enabled IPv6 (dual stack) everywhere? #
!! IPv6 peering & global connectivity? #
!! Built IPv6 routing for customer interconnections? #
!! Reverse-DNS & other backbone IP layer offerings? #
!! Evangelized IPv6 excessively? ###
!! Saw real use from customers? #

!! We’re done!

Hurricane Electric mindset – always “yes” to IPv6

!! It’s 2012 (and not 2005, 2006, 2007, etc)
"! IPv6 capable hardware subsystems are available
"! IPv6 capable operating systems are available
"! IPv6 capable open-source software packages are available
"! IPv6 capable service providers are available
"! IPv6 expertise is absolutely available!

!! It’s 2012
"! No reason to say “no” to IPv6 anymore

!! IPv6 in the peering world requires some actions …
"! … and there’s no problem finding the answers!


Hurricane Electric

Why do we need IPv6?
(Just kidding – I’m assuming that!)


IPv6 – Maybe the one-page history lesson
IPv4 IPv6
V L TOS Total Len V Class Flow Label
Hop

It’s all about address space size
Identification Flags Frag’ Off Payload Length NH
Limit
TTL Proto Checksum

128
ts! b its!
32 bi
Source Address
Source Address
Destination Address

Options Pad

typedef __uint32_t in_addr_t;! Destination Address

struct in_addr {!
in_addr_t s_addr;!
}!

struct sockaddr_in {!
__uint8_t sin_len;! struct in6_addr {!
sa_family_t sin_family;! union {!
in_port_t sin_port;! __uint8_t __u6_addr8[16];!
struct in_addr sin_addr;! __uint16_t __u6_addr16[8];!
char sin_zero[8];! __uint32_t __u6_addr32[4];!
};! } __u6_addr; /* 128-bit IP6 address */!
};!

1981 IPv4’s Lifespan 30 Year 2011 IPv6’s Lifespan? ????

IPv6 Deployment with tons of space (no end in sight)

IPv4 Deployment – but no additional space


Hurricane Electric

Does IPv6 have
global coverage?


IPv6 and global deployment worldwide

!! Is there IPv6 deployment everywhere?
"! Jan 2010 – 90+ countries had a “live” IPv6 presence
"! Jan 2010 – IPv6 active at nearly all Internet peering points

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IPv6 questions to check on global deployment

!! Is IPv6 supported? (the basic questions)

"! Is IPv6 native on all backbones?

"! Is IPv6 interconnections/peering prevalent?

"! Is IPv6 part of the standard product mix?


Hurricane Electric

Is the IPv6 routing table
ready for real world use?


Basic question: Is IPv6 routing ready?

!! Theory #1: It’s been ready for years…
"! Plenty of backbones running v6 routing
"! Plenty of v6 inter-backbone peering
"! Plenty of v6 talks at conferences

!! Theory #2: We are not ready yet; but close…
"! Still a few gaps in the routing tables
"! Still some spotty cleanup’s here-and-there


Checking global IPv6 routing – graphically!

Showing IPv4/IPv6 route propagation
in a graphical form
et/!
gp. he.n
ttp ://b
Caveat: h
- This tool is only as good as its source data.
- IP information is uploaded from RIPE RIS & Oregon routeviews.
- Some views are missing; not all routes and paths are visible.

- NOT based on the Hurricane Electric routing tables.


http://bgp.he.net/ - Searching on ASN, IP, etc.

ASN AS29695
IPv4 address 93.93.96.21
IPv4 block 84.218.0.0/17
Search command
IPv6 address 2a01:798::1aa:a1b:c1ab:babb:a1b
IPv6 block 2001:4600::/24
…etc …


Example of BGP tools – IPv4/IPv6 statistics
IPv6 and IP4 BGP
and routing information

http://bgp.he.net/

http://bgp.he.net/ – Available information

!! BGP Prefix Report
"! Prefixes, Networks, Distribution
!! IPv4/IPv6 Prefixes Originated (90 Days)
!! ASN’s with IPv4/IPv6 Announcements (90 Days)
!! IPv4/IPv6 Announced Prefix Count by CIDR
!! BGP Peer Report
"! Adjacencies, Adjacency History
!! IPv4/IPv6 Adjacencies
!! IPv4/IPv6 Adjacency Count (90 Days)
"! Prefixes, Prefix History
!! IPv4/IPv6 Prefixes Announced
!! IPv4/IPv6 Prefixes Announced (90 Days)
"! IPv4 Addresses Originated
!! IPv4 Addresses Originated
!! Bogons
"! IPv4 & IPv6
!! Top Host Report
!! Internet Statistics


http://bgp.he.net/ – Route propagation graphs

Select tab for v4 or v6 graphs

Routes see downstream of peers
Peers that see routes

ASN originating routes


Is IPv6 routing/interconnect/peering prevalent?
~94% average increase per year!

http://bgp.he.net/report/prefixes#_prefixes

~62% average increase per year!

http://bgp.he.net/report/prefixes#_networks

Simple conclusion #1 – “up and to the right”

Is IPv6 native on all backbones? (globally)
NTT Telia Level3 TATA

Cogent
Verizon

AboveNet
AT&T

TInet GBLX

Sprint Hurricane
Qwest

http://bgp.he.net/
Simple conclusion #2 – global routing seems to exist on nearly every tier1 backbone


IPv6 routing on backbones (the summary)

!! Classic backbones have (finally) got IPv6
"! This is not news to a savvy IPv6 crowd!
"! One Tier1 backbone only completed this step in 2010!

!! Some backbones still have a few missing routes
"! Uninteresting to multi-homed networks

!! Expect the trickle-down effect to other networks

Simple conclusion #3 – it took till 2010 for some Tier1 backbones to get v6 ready!

Is IPv6 deployed in a specific country? (i.e. NO?)
http://bgp.he.net/country/NO

70 IPv6 ASNs enabled
141 IPv4 ASNs enabled

%!
49.6


Just an aside … bgp.he.net has RPKI info
http://bgp.he.net/AS29695#_prefixes6

ROA exists and is valid

IPv6 measured at via BGP ASNs with IPv6
http://bgp.he.net/ipv6-progress-report.cgi

Networks Running IPv6
We can measure the percentage of networks running IPv6 by comparing the set of ASes in
the IPv6 routing table to those in the combined set of IPv4 and IPv6.
IPv4 and IPv6 RIBs Last Parsed: Sun Apr 1 00:59:15 PDT 2012
$'"#
IPv4 ASes: 40735
$&"#
IPv6 ASes: 5457 13.4%
$%"#
ASes using only IPv4: 35416 $$"#
ASes using only IPv6: 138

Percentage of ASNs running v6

! W6D
$!"#
ASes using IPv4 and IPv6: 5319
,"#
ASes using IPv4 or IPv6: 40873 +"#
Percentage of ASes (IPv4 or IPv6)

! IANA Runout
!
*"#
running IPv6: 13.4% )"#

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:.<#%!!,#

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Date


Hurricane Electric

2011 & WORLD IPv6 DAY

Every day is IPv6 Day at Hurricane Electric …


World IPv6 Day and real IPv6 traffic

!! World IPv6 Day was about enabling web-based traffic for IPv6
"! Focus on content providers
"! Web (port 80 & 443 TCP traffic) plotted below

Instant traffic
at 00:00 UTC
5X traffic peak


World IPv6 Day and real IPv6 traffic

!! Long term win since W6D in IPv6 traffic levels
"! That means there are both content and eyeballs in play


Hurricane Electric W6D and translation traffic
!! Yes – there is 6to4 traffic
"! Lots of traffic on Hurricane Electric’s backbone!
!! Measured on the largest 6to4 global deployment (with Teredo included)
"! AMS ASH CHI FMT FRA HKG LAX LON MIA NYC PAO PAR SEA SIN SJC STO TYO


IPv6 measured on the Alexa 1m list
http://bgp.he.net/ipv6-progress-report.cgi

Top Websites Running IPv6
A very quick way to measure IPv6 deployment for websites is just to
check for a AAAA record in DNS.
Alexa Top 1 Million Domains Downloaded:
Sun Aug 28 00:00:05 2011
Alexa Top 1 Million Domains Processed:
Sun Aug 28 00:37:44 2011

Alexa 1M raw domains:
1000000
Alexa 1M raw with a direct IPv4
address: 942156
Alexa 1M raw with a direct IPv6
address: 9595

Date


World IPv6 Day – tunnelbroker.net users

June 7th 2011 / June 8th 2011
A large jump in new accounts
(shows a great interest in IPv6 on W6D) Smaller effect
March 2008


Hurricane Electric W6D – Observed issues

!! PMTU & ICMP6 blocking
"! Heard again and again all over the net
"! Enabling IPv6 (for the first time) with too-aggressive filtering

!! Two failure modes
"! Pre W6D testing – normally on “ipv6.example.com”
"! During W6D – affected “www.example.com”

!! Trigger points?
"! Testing from Teredo or 6to4 enabled end-nodes
"! Real-world tunnels

!! ICMP6 re-explained
"! Teredo requires end-node to respond to a ping to initiate protocol
"! This breaks classic enterprise firewall/filter setups
"! Consensus is that elements ahead of server perform this function


http://www.worldipv6launch.org/
2012 & WORLD IPv6 LAUNCH

Don’t be left behind


World IPv6 Launch – June 6’th 2012
!! Do much more than last years W6D 24 hour test

!! Turn on IPv6; leave IPv6 on; success!

!! Primary focus on access networks; but also …
"! Website Operators / Hosting Companies
"! Home Router Hardware Companies
"! … and everything else

!! IPv6 support in everything must be a focus!
"! If you configure IPv4; then configure IPv6

!! IPv6 support should be fundamental within all Internet services


World IPv6 Launch – June 6’th 2012
!! Google & Facebook statements:
For Google, World IPv6 Launch means that virtually all our services, including
Search, Gmail, YouTube and many more, will be available to the world over
IPv6 permanently. Previously, only participants in the Google over IPv6
program (several hundred thousand users, including almost all Google
employees [PDF]) have been using it every day. Now we’re including everyone.

The vast majority of users shouldn’t notice …
http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/01/ipv6-countdown-to-launch.html

“Last year's industry-wide test of IPv6 successfully showed that the global
adoption of IPv6 is the best way to keep web devices communicating in the
future. Permanently enabling IPv6 is vital to keeping the Internet open and
ensuring people stay connected online as the number of web users and
devices continues to grow.”
https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150602344750676


Hurricane Electric

Hurricane Electric’s IPv6 Tunnel Broker
http://tunnelbroker.net/

(IPv6 Tunnels Exist! – sometimes it’s the only way)


Hurricane Electric – IPv6 tunnelbroker.net
Geographically diverse locations allowing customers
AVAILABLE best routing – coincident with IP peering
AVAILABLE
AVAILABLE
BGP AVAILABLE
AVAILABLE
AVAILABLE
BGP
BGP AVAILABLE
AVAILABLE
BGP AVAILABLE
AVAILABLE
BGP
BGP
AVAILABLE

AVAILABLE

Three step process:

1)! Go to http://tunnelbroker.net/
2)! Setup an account – choose a location
3)! Setup your own host or router to allow tunnels


Hurricane Electric – IPv6 tunnelbroker.net setup

Select Global Location
`



BGP

Configuration
information


Windows XP
Juniper JunOS
ipv6 install
ipv6 rtu ::/0 2/::72.52.##.## pub interfaces {
ipv6 adu 2/2001:470:##:##::2 ip-0/1/0 {
unit 0 {
Linux tunnel {
source ##.##.##.##;
modprobe ipv6 destination 72.52.##.##;
ip tunnel add he-ipv6 mode sit }
remote 72.52.##.## local ##.##.##.## ttl 255 family inet6 {
ip link set he-ipv6 up address 2001:470:##:##::2/64;
ip addr add 2001:470:##:##::2/64 dev he-ipv6 }
ip route add ::/0 dev he-ipv6 } Cisco IOS
ip -f inet6 addr }
} configure terminal
MacOS X routing-options { Tunnel0
interface
description Hurricane Electric IPv6 Tunnel Broker
rib inet6.0 {
ifconfig gif0 tunnel ##.##.##.## 72.52.##.## static { address
no ip
ifconfig gif0 inet6 2001:470:##:##::2 2001:470:##:##::1 prefixlen 128 routeenable
ipv6 ::/0 next-hop 2001:470:##:##::1;
route -n add -inet6 default 2001:470:##:##::1 } ipv6 address 2001:470:##:##::2
} tunnel source ##.##.##.##
Windows Vista / Windows 7 } tunnel destination 72.52.##.##
tunnel mode ipv6ip
netsh interface ipv6 add v6v4tunnel IP6Tunnel ##.##.##.## 72.52.##.## ipv6 route ::/0 Tunnel0
netsh interface ipv6 add address IP6Tunnel 2001:470:##:##::2 end
netsh interface ipv6 add route ::/0 IP6Tunnel 2001:470:##:##::1 write


Hurricane Electric – IPv6 tunnelbroker statistics

More stat’s available at: http://tunnelbroker.net/
Norway


Hurricane Electric

Hurricane Electric’s Free
IPv6 Certification Program
http://ipv6.he.net/certification/


Hurricane Electric – IPv6 Certification (learning?)
•! Prove that you have IPv6 connectivity
•! Prove that you have a working IPv6 web server
•! Prove that you have a working IPv6 email address
•! Prove that you have working forward IPv6 DNS
•! Prove that you have working reverse IPv6 DNS for your
mail server
•! Prove that you have name servers with IPv6 addresses
that can respond to queries via IPv6
•! Prove your knowledge of IPv6 technologies through
quick and easy testing

•! the format of IPv6 addresses
•! AAAA records http://ipv6.he.net/certification/
•! reverse DNS for IPv6
•! the IPv6 localhost address
•! the IPv6 default route
•! the IPv6 documentation prefix
•! the IPv6 link local prefix
•! the IPv6 multicast prefix
•! do an IPv6 ping
•! do an IPv6 traceroute
•! common IPv6 prefix
•! and more!


Hurricane Electric – IPv6 Certification (sample test)

http://ipv6.he.net/certification/
The test – to send and receive IPv6 emails


Hurricane Electric – IPv6 Certification Levels
Newbie Test
This is a basic level test of the information here. With this primer at hand these questions should be a snap for you.
Enthusiast Test
This test validates that you have an IPv6 capable machine setup that can browse the web via IPv6, as well as the fact that you have a web
server setup that can serve files via IPv6.
Administrator Test
This test validates that your SMTP server is able to accept mail over IPv6
Professional Test
This test validates that Reverse DNS for the IPv6 address of your SMTP server is properly configured.
Guru Test
This test validates that your nameservers have AAAA records for themselves and that these nameservers can be queried over IPv6 for
your domain.
Enthusiast Questionnaire
These are a few questions to gauge interest and usage level for IPv6 and gather data as to your experiences with IPv6 deployments.
Administrator Questionnaire
Professional Questionnaire
Guru Questionnaire
These are a few questions to try to gauge interest and usage level for IPv6 and gather data as to your experiences with IPv6 deployments.
Enthusiast Technical Test
This test covers technical knowledge of ping and traceroute commands on Linux and Windows.
Administrator Technical Test
This test covers technical knowledge of DNS and general IPv6 topics.
Professional Technical Test
This test covers technical knowledge of well known IPv6 prefixes and expands on your understanding of IPv6 related Linux and Windows
commands.
Guru Technical Test
This test covers technical knowledge of IPv6 routing and IPv6 related protocols.
Explorer Test
This test validates that you have Native or Tunneled IPv6.
Sage Test
This test validates that you have IPv6 Glue at your registrar


Hurricane Electric – IPv6 Certification – Sages
Europe 2,304
North America 1,945
South America 102
Asia 313
Africa 33
Oceania 179
Unknown 37
TOTAL 4,923

Sage level is the highest level obtainable.
There are 4,923 IPv6 Sages in 104 countries

http://tunnelbroker.net/usage/sages_by_country_and_state.php

IPv6 Certification – Now in additional languages

… more being added


Hurricane Electric – IPv6 Certification – Sages

IPv6 Certification (on a lighter note) …

Motivating people to
think about IPv6

… maybe t-shirts will help?


Hurricane Electric – IPv6 and t-shirts?
Hurricane Electric sends email
saying “free IPv6 t-shirt”
for sage-level users

From: <ipv6@he.net>
Date: Thu, May 27, 2010 at 11:32 PM
Subject: Hurricane Electric IPv6 Update
…
* Attention Sages!

Hurricane Electric would like to send you an "IPv6" T-shirt!

Please log into http://ipv6.he.net/certification/, and verify your address information which
will only be used for shipping out this T-shirt.

After making certain it is correct (remember to click "Update Info" if you made changes,
before validating), you will see T-shirt size selections for S/M/L/XL/XXL, and a button that
will submit your preferred shirt size and log that you have validated your address.

This is optional, and will only be sent to validated addresses.

We'll be adding on some points to your score for Sages that want to get a T-shirt!

We are looking to get the t-shirts out around the end of June. We need make sure to get
enough of each size before sending them out to all of you. …


Hurricane Electric

Final thought …


Summary – Have a positive IPv6 mindset

IPv6

Time


Q&A

Contact:
? at
y
y Da e Elec
Ever rican
Hur
Day!
is v6 tric!

Martin J. Levy
Director, IPv6 Strategy
Hurricane Electric
760 Mission Court
Fremont, CA 94539, USA
http://he.net/
martin at he dot net
+1 (510) 580 4167


Martin J Levy - Hurricane Electric - The IPv6 global view - norway ipv6 - april 2012

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