Options for increasing livestock water productivity in the Nile basin

Options for increasing livestock water productivity in the Nile basin D. Peden, M. Alemayehu, T. Amede, H. Faki, A. Haileslassie, M. Herrero, D. Mpairwe, G. Taddesse and P. van Breugel Nile Basin Development Forum Khartoum, Sudan, 17-19 November 2008 (A CPWF PN37 output)

Key messages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Partners ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distribution of Nile livestock systems 1 34 61 2,993 Basin total <1 84 6 51 Other 3 <1 73 27 25 Eritrea <1 78 13 47 Kenya <1 76 11 86 Tanzania <1 72 19 204 Uganda 11 1 87 286 Egypt <1 71 23 362 Ethiopia <1 22 75 1,933 Sudan Mixed irrigated Mixed rainfed Grazing Livestock systems (% land area in basin ) Land area in basin (1000 km 2 ) Country

Distribution of Nile livestock & people *** Based on data synthesis – basin census needed 170 155 41 47 67 Basin total 12 4 1 2 1 Other 3 1 2 1 1 1 Eritrea 12 7 2 1 4 Kenya 7 9 3 1 6 Tanzania 23 9 3 1 5 Uganda 62 8 2 3 3 Egypt 25 23 4 5 14 Ethiopia 27 92 26 32 34 Sudan*** People Total Goats Sheep Cattle In basin populations (millions) *** Country

Nile Livestock: Important water users ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is livestock water productivity (An entry point for INRM, IWRM & IRBM) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],LWP = ∑(Net beneficial outputs) ∑ (Depleted water)

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Agriculture + ecosystem Benefits ** Non- productive losses Transpiration Basic water accounting framework Depletion Ground water Infiltration River basin Watershed Community Household & farm Herd Animal

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc. Runoff Discharge Evaporation Contamination Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Livestock water productivity challenge Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Runoff Discharge Evaporation Contamination Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Four LWP improving strategies: Feed sourcing Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration 1. Select low water cost feeds Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc.

Select low water cost feeds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Molasses from sugar cane (Sudan) Crop residues (Teff) Pastoral Sudan

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Runoff Discharge Evaporation Contamination Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Imported feed Four LWP improving strategies: Animal Production Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc. 2. Enhance animal production

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Runoff Discharge Evaporation Contamination Four LWP improving strategies: Animal Production Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Imported feed

Enhance animal production (Reduce stress, mortality &morbidity) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Runoff Discharge Evaporation Contamination Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Imported feed Four LWP improving strategies: Conserve water Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc. 2. Enhance animal production 3. Conserve water

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Runoff Discharge Evaporation Contamination Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Imported feed Four LWP improving strategies: Conserve water Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2. Enhance animal production

Conserve water (Vegetation and drinking management) ,[object Object],[object Object],Before After Before After

Conserve water & soil ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Hurni (1987) 5 21 51 Grazing 42 45 13 Mixed crop-livestock systems t/ha/year % national loss Estimated soil loss Area (%) Land-use in Ethiopia

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Runoff Discharge Evaporation Contamination Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Imported feed Four LWP improving strategies: Watering sites Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc. 3. Conserve water 2. Enhance animal production 4. Strategic Livestock watering

Balance feed & water distribution to increase LWP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Implications for the Nile ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Implications for the Nile ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What next? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Options for increasing livestock water productivity in the Nile basin

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Options for increasing livestock water productivity in the Nile basin