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Conquering the Comma A workshop brought to you by  the Purdue University Writing Lab
What Is a Comma? ,[object Object],[object Object],,
Clauses and Phrases ,[object Object],[object Object]
Sentence Structure: Independent Clause ,[object Object],[object Object],The couple   dances . The couple   dances . subject (S)  verb (V)
Sentence Structure: Compound Sentence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FAN BOYS
Sentence Structure: Compound Sentence ,[object Object],[object Object],S   V   conj.   Andy   built  a snowman ,   and   Jeff   played  with his dog. S   V
[object Object],Sentence Structure: Compound Sentence Dan struggled with his homework so his father helped him. Dan  struggled  with his homework ,   so  his  father   helped  him. S   V   conj.   S   V
Sentence Structure: Dependent Clause ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],because since when while until if as though although unless after before once whether
Sentence Structure: Dependent Phrases and Clauses ,[object Object],[object Object]
Introductory clause= dependent clause located at the beginning of a sentence ,[object Object],When Elizabeth called 911, the firemen rushed to her rescue. When   Elizabeth   called  911 ,  the  firemen   rushed  to her rescue.  DCM  S   V   S   V
Introductory Clause ,[object Object],After the movie ended we went out for coffee. Since it was raining we decided to go to the movies. Once the movie began I fell asleep. Since   it   was  raining ,   we   decided  to go to the movies.   DCM   S   V   S   V Once  the  movie   began ,   I   fell  asleep. DCM S   V   S   V After  the  movie   ended ,   we   went  out for coffee. DCM     S   V   S     V
Dependent Clauses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],I   went  on the roller coaster  because  my  brother   dared  me. S   V   DCM   S  V I   became  very sick  when  the  S   V   DCM roller coaster   zoomed  upside down. S   V
Sentence Structure: Essential Phrases and Clauses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Sentence Structure: Essential Phrases and Clauses S  essential phrase   V Without the essential phrase, this sentence does not make complete sense :  The people are so uptight!
[object Object],Sentence Structure: Essential Phrases and Clauses S   essential   V The word “that” is almost always an indicator of an essential phrase or clause.
Sentence Structure: Nonessential  Phrases and Clauses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Sentence Structure: Nonessential  Phrases and Clauses S   non-essential   V Even without the phrase the sentence still makes sense :  My brother plans to throw a party!
[object Object],Sentence Structure: Nonessential  Phrases and Clauses S  V non-essential Use commas to set off additional information
Would you place commas in the following sentences?  If so, where? ,[object Object],No comma is needed.  The sentence is correct. The place that I would most like to see is the Eiffel Tower. Pierre who is one of my business contacts will meet me at the airport. I am planning a trip to Paris ,  which is one of the greatest cities in the world. Pierre ,  who is one of my business contacts ,  will meet me at the airport.
Sentence Structure: Commas in a Series ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sentence Structure: Commas in a Series ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],How many women did Alex date?
[object Object],[object Object],Sentence Structure: Commas in a Series Martina brushed her hair put on her pajamas and went to bed. She fell asleep and dreamed that she was a princess she kissed a frog and she rescued her prince. Martina brushed her hair ,  put on her pajamas ,  and went to bed. She fell asleep and dreamed that she was a princess ,  she kissed a frog ,  and she rescued her prince.
Commas with adjectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],big blue house   three hungry kittens a cranky, ungrateful man
A Common Comma Error: The Comma Splice ,[object Object],We   had  a nice time ,   I   hope  we can meet again soon. S   V   S  V The Internet   has revolutionized  the business world , S   V online sales   have increased  dramatically this year.   S   V
To Correct a Comma Splice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How would you correct the following sentences? This semester I am taking calculus physics and economics. Calculus is my best subject, I am certain I will get an A. Although I am very busy I still find time to have fun. Last weekend my brother visited me and we went to a football game a party and a rock concert. This semester I am taking calculus ,  physics ,  and economics. Calculus is my best subject,  and  I am certain I will get an A. Although I am very busy ,  I still find time to have fun. Last weekend my brother visited me ,  and we went to a football game ,  a party ,  and a rock concert.
Where can you go for additional help with comma usage? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Purdue University Writing Lab

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Comma

  • 1. Conquering the Comma A workshop brought to you by the Purdue University Writing Lab
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  • 26. How would you correct the following sentences? This semester I am taking calculus physics and economics. Calculus is my best subject, I am certain I will get an A. Although I am very busy I still find time to have fun. Last weekend my brother visited me and we went to a football game a party and a rock concert. This semester I am taking calculus , physics , and economics. Calculus is my best subject, and I am certain I will get an A. Although I am very busy , I still find time to have fun. Last weekend my brother visited me , and we went to a football game , a party , and a rock concert.
  • 27.

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Rationale: Welcome to “Conquering the Comma.” This presentation is designed to acquaint your students with the rules of comma usage, including placement in compound sentences, after introductory elements, with dependent phrases and clauses, around nonessential elements, in a series, and with adjectives. This presentation will also cover methods for avoiding a common comma error—the comma splice. The twenty-seven slides presented here are designed to aid the facilitator in an interactive presentation of the elements of comma usage. This presentation is ideal for the beginning of a composition course, the assignment of a writing project, or as a refresher presentation for grammar usage. This presentation may be supplemented with OWL handouts, including “Using Commas” (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_comma.html), “Commas after Introductions” (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_commaint.html), and “Commas with Non-essential Elements” (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_commaess.html). Directions: Each slide is activated by a single mouse click, unless otherwise noted in bold at the bottom of each notes page. Writer and Designer: Jennifer Liethen Kunka Contributors: Muriel Harris, Karen Bishop, Bryan Kopp, Matthew Mooney, David Neyhart, and Andrew Kunka Developed with resources courtesy of the Purdue University Writing Lab Grant funding courtesy of the Multimedia Instructional Development Center at Purdue University © Copyright Purdue University, 2000.