This presentation, discussing some concepts of ecological based pest management and vegetable entomology research findings, was given by Dr. Ayanava Majumdar at the Alabama Food and Farm Forum, 2010, in Selma, AL (USA). Please acknowledge the author and Alabama Cooperative Extension System when using the data for education and training. The research data is preliminary and should be interpreted with caution. For further information about this or other slideshows contact Dr. A at 251-331-8416.
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Sustainable vegetable pest management
1. AL FOOD & FARM FORUM Sustainable Insect Pest Management Speaker: Dr. Ayanava Majumdar (Dr. A) Extension Entomologist, State SARE Coordinator Gulf Coast Research & Extension Center 8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope, Alabama 36532 Cell phone: 251-331-8416 Email: bugdoctor@auburn.edu
2. Presentation Layout Extension IPM resources for farmers (IPM-CORE project) Ecological Based Pest Management (EBPM) concepts USDA Crop Pest Management Practice Standard Insect pest detection and monitoring program Sustainable management of critical pests Nethouse vegetable production
4. IPM-CORE PROJECT: Integrate Modern & Traditional Communication Channels To Benefit Producers CHECK OUT IPM Kiosk & Display, take handouts, newsletter signup & more AT HOME CHECK OUT THE AL Vegetable IPM website & Facebook links
5. THE IPM COMMUNICATOR (FREE electronic newsletter) 22 contributing authors 400+ subscribers 18 Weekly Issues (2010) SIGNUP AT THE EXHIBIT TODAY!
8. Ecological Based Pest Management From Altieri, Nicholls, and Fritz (2005): Manage Insects on Your Farm (SARE) Ecologically Based Pest Management System or EBPM incorporates the broad knowledge of the agro-ecosystem to choose pest management tactics that are timely, environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Goal of EBPM: Maintain Healthy Plants From Root to Foliage ‘Pillars’ of EBPM: Crop DiversityReduce Tillage RotationsMaintain Soil Cover Cover CropsAdd Organic Matter Plant BreedingNutrient Management
9. USDA Crop Pest Management Practice Standard (NOP) Level 1: Systems-based practices (cultural practices, sanitation, mulching, crop rotation) Level 2: Mechanical and physical practices (barriers, lures/traps, repellents, hand-picking) Level 3: Biorational & other material (OMRI approved insecticides)
10. Starting point for EBPM… Insect Detection/Identification: Use modern insect detection/scouting tools INSECT PHEROMONE TRAPS Trap Catch = Pest Density X Pest Activity Insect Monitoring Project in Alabama, 2009-2010 Average trap catches in slideshow (June-Sept.) Stink bug trap Sticky wing trap Corn rootworm trap
20. The numbers in slides indicate trap catches from one of more counties within a region. Only the highest AVERAGE trap catches are reported herein for comparison of pest pressures. Trap catch numbers may not be applicable per se to your farm!
22. What is it? Several outbreaks of these insects occurred in AL, 2009 & 2010 First seen in pastures Part of the midseason caterpillar complex Control: Grow early crop, control weeds (pigweed, amaranth), spinosad, Bt & Spod-X
25. What is it? Numerous host plants Body color depends on food International pest status Part of mid-season caterpillar complex Control: Grow early crop, use Bt and virus formulations, spinosad Microspines below the big hair
27. What is it? Emerging concern for diversified farms Northward migration of moth Mixed moth population with fruitworm Appears more fuzzy than fruitworm Resistant to pyrethroids Spinosad and Bt for control Microspines numerous
29. What is it? Severe outbreaks reported in 2010 Larvae live in silken tunnels/tubes Worse in south AL, sandy soils Threatens corn, beans and peas + peanuts Control by crop rotation, varieties
31. What is it? Body of larva narrow in front, broad at the end No microspines, less hairy than other loopers Prefers crucifer vegetables, but will feed on summer vegetables Late season buildup is most damaging to crops Often large fecal pellets seen sticking to the leaves Trichogramma parasitoid effective natural enemy Bt is an effective alternative insecticide
35. What is it? Prefer cucumber, squash, gourd. Larvae overwinter in soil. Females lay 150-200 eggs singly. Moths are clear-winged with bright red abdomen. Row covers & field sanitation are best management tactics. Azadirachtin, diatomaceous earth…
36. Squash vine borer (outbreak!) 2010 2009 19 moths/trap NA 6 moths/trap NA 14 moths/trap NA 20 moths/trap NA Traps placed near vegetable fields
39. Nethouse Vegetable Production (A Preliminary Report on Successes and Challenges) Photos: Mike Powell, Polyproductosde Guatemala
40. First Nethouse in Alabama (2010) Location: Baldwin County, AL Dimensions: 150 ft long, 48 ft wide, 17 ft high center, 12 ft high sides Entrance: Double door Fabric mesh 30-50 as insect barrier. Mesh size depends on target insect & cost. Height provides air movement, fans can also be installed
41. Soil preparation with conventional equipment before sealing the structure Nethouse, 2010
42. Temperature and Humidity Challenge* *Year 2010 was an unusually dry and hot year in Alabama which affected plant growth and increased disease pressure under the insect nethouse.
43. Bell peppers were grown with success (Year 1 Research) 40% black shade cloth for cooling down the interior
47. Disease Issues in Nethouse (2010) Heat stress and diseases like blight & wilt were observes on tomatoes. Total exclusion of beneficials & pollinators is also a concern. Overall, the nethouse technology can provide major relief from insect pests and reduce dependence on insecticides. However, disease management is very essential.
Notes de l'éditeur
Crop diversity and other listed pillars (in orange) emphasize the usefulness of above-ground habitat management, plant diversification, and enhancement of beneficial fauna. Choosing right varieties is the first step to EBPM.Reduced tillage and other listed pillars (in pink) emphasize the usefulness of below-ground habitat management, biota activation and diversified farming
LCB prefers sandy soil around coastal AL.Host plants: bean, beets, cabbage, peanut, corn, peas, sorghum, tomato, etc.LCB also has a number of weed hosts, such as: nutsedges (Cyperusrotundus), watergrass (Hydrochloacaroliniensis), Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), crabgrass (Digitariasanguinalis), wild oats (Avenafatua), Bermudagrass (Cynodondactylon), wiregrass (Aristidastricta), and goosegrass (Eleusineindica) (Isely and Miner 1994, Gardner and All 1982).
The cabbage looper feeds on a wide variety of cultivated plants and weeds. As the common name implies, it feeds readily on crucifers, and has been reported damaging broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, collards, kale, mustard, radish, rutabaga, turnip, and watercress. Other vegetable crops injured include beet, cantaloupe, celery, cucumber, lima bean, lettuce, parsnip, pea, pepper, potato, snap bean, spinach, squash, sweet potato, tomato, and watermelon. Additional hosts are flower crops such as chrysanthemum, hollyhock, snapdragon, and sweetpea, and field crops such as cotton and tobacco. Surprisingly few common agricultural weeds are frequent hosts; among those that are suitable are lambsquarters, Chenopodium album; wild lettuce, Lactuca spp.; dandelion, Taraxacumofficinale; and curly dock, Rumexcrispus.
As the common name implies, it feeds readily on crucifers, and has been reported damaging broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, collards, kale, mustard, radish, rutabaga, turnip, and watercress. Other vegetable crops injured include beet, cantaloupe, celery, cucumber, lima bean, lettuce, parsnip, pea, pepper, potato, snap bean, spinach, squash, sweet potato, tomato, and watermelon. Additional hosts are flower crops such as chrysanthemum, hollyhock, snapdragon, and sweetpea, and field crops such as cotton and tobacco. Surprisingly few common agricultural weeds are frequent hosts; among those that are suitable are lambsquarters, Chenopodium album; wild lettuce, Lactuca spp.; dandelion, Taraxacumofficinale; and curly dock, Rumexcrispus.
The preferred hosts of the soybean looper are soybean, sweet potato, and peanut. Other hosts include cotton, tomato, crucifers, pea, tobacco, and cocklebur.
The preferred hosts of the soybean looper are soybean, sweet potato, and peanut. Other hosts include cotton, tomato, crucifers, pea, tobacco, and cocklebur.