Trap Cropping Techniques

Trap Cropping for Sustainable Crop Production Dr. Ayanava Majumdar Extension Entomologist Alabama Cooperative Extension System Gulf Coast Research & Extension Center 8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope, Alabama 36532 Cell phone: 251-331-8416 PART 3A (discussion on key insect behavioral concepts)

Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Point to Ponder: What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM)? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: USEPA http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/ipm.htm

Premise for using cultural pest control strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: USEPA http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/ipm.htm USEPA’s Four-tiered Model of IPM

Multiple cropping for Diverse Habitat ,[object Object],IPM Era (1970-1990s) Natural enemies hypo. (Root 1973): cultural control tactics can conserve or increase natural enemies (Hummel et al. 2002, Peachey et al. 2002, Schmidt et al. 2004, Carmona & Landis 2003) Diverse background moderates insect behavior (1960 – 1985): insects get confused or separated! Post-IPM Era (1990-) Pre-IPM Era (-1970s) Resource concentration hypo.: herbivores (=pests) remain in an area where essential resources are concentrated (Root 1973)

What is a trap cropping? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ Trap cropping is a special case of multiple cropping.” “ Presence of second crop in the vicinity of principal crop diverts a pest, which would otherwise attack the principal crop” (Van der meer 1981)

Why should you use trap crops? Combined use of cultural control + Insecticides = IPM approach Trap crop New insecticide Corn earworm devastated sunflower (trap crop) but stayed away from peanuts Image source: ICRISAT, India

Host finding & oviposition behavior ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Note: Adult females make the decision to oviposit & starts a primary infestation!

How trap cropping works? Various behavioral theories that could explain success of trap crops. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Trap cropping arrangements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Perimeter Trap Cropping TRAP CROP Trap crop MAIN CROP

Trap cropping arrangements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Perimeter Trap Cropping (contd.) Main crop (watermelon, cantaloupe, cucumber) Trap crop (squash)

Trap cropping arrangements ,[object Object],Row Trap Cropping Alfalfa Cotton Cotton Sustainable American Cotton Project, NCAT Southern green stink bug

Trap cropping arrangements ,[object Object],Row Trap Cropping (contd.) Alfalfa Strawberry (34 rows) Strawberry (34 rows) Strawberry production in California Western tarnished plant bug damage

Trap cropping arrangements Strip Trap Cropping ,[object Object],[object Object],Also reported high parasitism rates from tachinid fly in sorghum

Trap cropping arrangements Strip Trap Cropping (mechanism) Sorghum (trap crop) Cotton Peanut (reservoir for pest) Green stink bugs migration

Trap cropping arrangements ,[object Object],Strip Trap Cropping (contd.) Sorghum trap crop Picture source: Agricultural Research Magazine, January 2008

Trap cropping systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dead-end Trap Cropping (Shelton & Nault 2004, Badenez-Perez et al. 2004) TRAP CROP MAIN CROP

NE Conservation System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Grassy buffers Grassy buffer zone in temporary agroecosystem Grassy buffer zone in permanent ecosystems

How multiple cropping/conservation systems affect natural enemies? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Advantages of trap cropping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Disadvantages of trap cropping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recommendations for trap cropping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recommendations (contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What insecticides can be used with trap crops? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Trap Cropping for Sustainable Vegetable Production QUESTIONS? PART 3A

Trap Cropping Techniques

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Trap Cropping Techniques