1. d’Alary Dalton, Ed.D. Power of Sport Summit Coaching to win and teaching positive life skills in competitive sports dalary.dalton@duxburyreef.net 6/7/2010

2. “Sports best achieves its positive impact on participants and society when everyone plays to win.”

3. Research shows that what matters is the way sports are designed and delivered. S.U.P.E.R. GOAL (VCU Life Skills Center) Hokowhitu Program (New Zealand)

4. Coacheschoose where to place the emphasis (Siegel, 2007)

5. Coaches’choices matter

6. What’s inside the “black box” of sports? (Holt & Sehn, 2008) ? ? ? ? ? Picture by Hay Kranen / PD

7. A Study of 8 WomenCoaches

8. High school coaches emphasize three important concepts: 3

9. Winning is an important goal. 1

10. “I just don’t always think you can control the winning… I mean, the winning is a result, it’s not the process. The process is what interests me more than the result. I love to win. I’m super competitive. So that happens naturally. I think it’s why I need to focus more on the other things.” (Elaine, lacrosse coach)

11. “…the girls had no idea whether they were winning or losing during the game. That shocked me. They were just so excited that they played a game of lacrosse they didn’t realize we had lost. They were so excited.” (Rachel, lacrosse coach)

12. 2 Sports offer a wide varietyof life skills…

14. Trying to win is a life skill. 3

15. “I believe that if you put in the work, sometimes you get the result you want, and sometimes you don’t, and that’s life, and that’s soccer, and I think you can learn as much from losing as you do from winning. Sometimes you learn more from losing.” (Sharon, soccer coach)

16. “There are some times when we lost, we put it all out there, we did our best… I always try to bring the kids back to that after the game. How did we play? Not did we win, did we lose, but how did we play?” (Olivia, water polo coach)

17. How do athletes understand “trying to win”? How does “trying to win” influence coaching? What are the costs of “trying to win”? What do we need to know?(Issues of concern…)

18. Questions? 6/7/2010 dalary.dalton@duxburyreef.net

19. d’Alary Dalton, Ed.D. Power of Sport Summit Coaching to win and teaching positive life skills in competitive sports dalary.dalton@duxburyreef.net 6/7/2010

20. References Andrews, D., Mason, D. S., & Silk, M. L. (2005). Qualitative Studies in Sport Studies. New York: Berg Publishers. Barber, B., Eccles, J., & Stone, M. (2001). Whatever happened to the jock, the brain, and the princess? Young adult pathways linked to adolescent activity involvement and social identity. Journal of Adolescent Research, 16, 429-455. Beller, J., & Stoll, S. (1995). Moral development of high school athletes. Journal of Pediatric Science, 7 (4), 352-363. Bredemeier, B. J., & Shields, D. L. (1986). Game reasoning and interactional morality. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 147 (2), 257-275. Bredemeier, B. J., & Shields, D. L. (2001). Moral growth among athletes and nonathletes: A comparative analysis. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 147 (1), 7-18. Coakley, J. (2002). Using Sports to control deviance and violence among youths: Let’s be critical and cautious. In M. Gatz, M.A. Messner, & S.J. Ball-Rokeach (Eds.), Paradoxes of Youth and Sport (pp. 13-30). Albany, NY: SUNY Press. Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (1998). Major paradigms and perspectives. In N. Denzin, & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), The landscape of qualitative research: Theories and issues (pp. 1885-220). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.

21. References Duda, J. L., Olson, L. K., & Templin, T. J. (1991). The relationship of task and ego orientation to sportsmanship attitudes and the perceived legitimacy of injurious acts. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 62 (1), 79-87. Eitzen, S. (2006). Fair and Foul: Beyond the myths and paradoxes of sport (3rd ed.). New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Fejgin, N. (1994). Participation in high school competitive sports: A subversion of school mission or contribution to academic goals? Sociology of Sport Journal, 11 (3), 211-223. Hansen, D. M., Laron, R., & Dworkin, J. (2003). What adolescents learn in organized youth activities: A survey of self-reported developmental experiences. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13, 25-56. Heeren, J. W., & Requa, M. (2001). Winning ways: Constructing values on a girls high school field hockey team. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 25 (4), 417-429. Holt, N. L. & Sehn, Z. (2008). Processes associated with positive youth development and participation in competitive youth sports. In Holt, N. L. (Ed.), Positive Youth Development Through Sport (pp.24-33). New York: Routledge. Holt, N. L., Tink, L. N., Mandigo, J. L., & Fox, K. R. (2008). Do youth learn life skills through their involvement in high school sport? Canadian Journal of Education, 31 (2), 281-304.

22. References Jones, M. & Lavallee, D. (2009). Exploring perceived life skills development and participation in sport. Qualitative Research in Sport & Exercise, 1 (1), 36-50. Josephson Institute. (2007). Pursuing victory with honor. Retrieved September 8, 2009, from http://www.cifstate.org/education_programs/pvh/index.html. Larson, R. W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55, 170-183. Petitpas, et. al. (2005). A framework for planning youth sports programs that foster psychosocial development. The Sport Psychologist, 19: 63-80. Pfister, R. (1998). Aggressive behaviors as a function of competition level and time: A field study. Journal of Sport Behavior, 1-7. Romand, P., & Pantaléon, N. (2007). A qualitative study of rugby coaches' opinions about the display of moral character. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 58-77. Siegel, D. (2007). Re-conceptualizing and recreating youth sports in Boston. Boston: Barr Foundation. Stephens, D. E. (2001). Predictors of aggressive tendencies in girls' basketball: An examination of beginning and advanced participants in a summer skills camp. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72 (3), 257. Strong, J. M. (1992). A dysfunctional and yet winning youth football team. Journal of Sport Behavior, 15 (4), 319.