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Data Collector Training
25 to 29th March 2013
Dr Valentine J Gandhi
Lusaka, Zambia
Impact Evaluation of
Savings and Internal
Lending Communities

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The Study
• The aim of this study is to assess the impact of savings and internal lending communities (SILC), a
community savings group model, on participants, households, and children over time, and to
document the factors contributing to implementation scale-up success.
• The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of caregivers’ participation in SILC on
children’s food security—specifically, regular food consumption over time.
• The primary hypothesis of this study is: Children aged 2-17 in households where the caregiver or
head f household participates in SILC will achieve higher, improved food consumption compared to
children aged 2-17 in non-SILC households, as measured by % of children aged 2-17 who have gone a
whole day and night without eating in the last four weeks.
• This is a longitudinal, quasi-experimental study with intervention and comparison groups. The study
applies a multi-stage cluster sampling approach whereby a sample of SILC households in select STEPS
OVC SILC wards will be compared with households in nearby wards where SILC has not yet been
established. Participants and households in both groups will take part in an annual interviewer-
administered survey for three study years. Systematic follow up during and following STEPS OVC
implementation will allow for retrospective analysis of dose-response, sub-group analysis, and
evaluation of the sustainability of both SILC and outcomes of participation. Our approach to data
analysis will maximize generalizability of findings and relevance to international and community-
based organizations working outside of Zambia.

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Expected Impacts

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Our Sample
Sustainability Through Economic
Strengthening Prevention an Support for
Orphans and Vulnerable Children, Youth and
Other Vulnerable Populations (STEPS-OVC)

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Study Population
We will seek participation from six population groups:
•Heads of Household
•SILC Participants
•Primary Caregivers
•Children aged 0-9 years (questions will be directed to the Primary Caregiver)
•Children aged 10-17 years
•SILC Field Agents
Several of these groups may be overlapping. For instance, in most cases the SILC Participant will also be
the Head of Household or Primary Caregiver.
Inclusion criteria:
•Intervention group: At least one household member participants in SILC, a community savings group,
and at least one household member receives services through the USAID-funded STEPS OVC project. All
household members aged 10 and above will be interviewed with adult consent and child assent.
•Comparison group: At least one household member receives services through the USAID-funded STEPS
OVC project. All household members aged 10 and above will be interviewed with adult consent and child
assent.
Exclusion criteria: STEPS OVC SILC households that do not have any children will be ineligible to
participate in this study. Participants who do not provide informed consent, or assent in the case of
children aged 10-17, or who lack the mental capacity to consent, as determined by the trained data
collector, will be ineligible to participate.

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Household Interviews
• Head of Household Questionnaire (background information, household schedule,
household economic status, household food security, social capital and self-efficacy,
gender roles and decision-making power, illness and health seeking behavior, external
support)
• SILC Member Questionnaire (background information, SILC, social capital and self-
efficacy, gender roles and decision-making power, illness and health seeking behavior,
participation)
• Primary Caregiver Questionnaire (background information, social capital and self-efficacy,
gender roles and decision-making power, illness and health seeking behavior, listing of
children in care)
• Child Questionnaire, ages 0-9 years, directed to Primary Caregiver (health and welfare,
education and work, external support, weight and height)
• Child Questionnaire, ages 10-17 (diary, education, chores and work, food security, health
and welfare, external support, weight and height)

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Data Collection Procedure – HH
Interviews
• 1. Enter household & get consent from head of household (for both his/her participation
and participation of children in household)
• 2. Apply head of HH questionnaire and PPI
• 3. Apply SILC questionnaire. If Head of HH is the SILC participant, just proceed with new
sections (#2 & #6). If a different household member is the SILC participant, get consent
from new person.
• 4. Apply primary caregiver questionnaire. If SILC participant is also primary caregiver,
proceed with questionnaire. If a different household member is the primary caregiver,
get consent from new person.
• 5. Apply child aged 0-9 questionnaire to primary caregiver. (You can choose index child
for pilot – see note below)
• 6. Apply child aged 10-17 questionnaire to youth. Get child informed assent prior to
administering questionnaire. (You can choose index child for pilot – see note below)

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Data Collection Procedure – HH
Numbering
• Province/Ward/household number (1-32)/interviewee
number
• All household numbers would be taken from the sampling
frame (and if replacements occur, we add, e.g., 33, 34).
• For example:
• C/Kashiba/1/1

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Data Collection Procedure – HH
Numbering
If interview teams split up, they should make sure not to duplicate numbers.
Generally there should be 4 interviews per household, though in some cases there
will be 5.
Generally it will be:
• Head of household=1
• Primary caregiver =2
• Child aged 0-9=3
• Child aged 10-17=4
• (SILC participant is either 1 or 2, though if another person, we could agree that
this be 5)

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Data Collection Procedure – HH
Numbering
• Interviewed households need a code to follow up. Household number, GPS, Phone
Number. Children’s details.

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Progress out of Poverty Index
• The Progress out of Poverty Index® (PPI®) is a poverty measurement tool for
organizations and businesses with a mission to serve the poor.
• The PPI is statistically-sound, yet simple to use: the answers to 10 questions
about a household’s characteristics and asset ownership are scored to
compute the likelihood that the household is living below the poverty line – or
above by only a narrow margin.
• With the PPI, organizations can identify the clients, customers, or employees
who are most likely to be poor or vulnerable to poverty, integrating objective
poverty data into their assessments and strategic decision-making.

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GPS
• Whats a GPS?
• Why do we need GPS?
• The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system
made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department
of Defense. GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the
1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use. GPS works
in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are
no subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS.

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GPS
How it works?
• GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit
signal information to earth. GPS receivers take this information and use
triangulation to calculate the user's exact location.
• Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a
satellite with the time it was received. The time difference tells the GPS
receiver how far away the satellite is. Now, with distance measurements from
a few more satellites, the receiver can determine the user's position and
display it on the unit's electronic map.

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Latitude and Longitude
The latitude (abbreviation: Lat., φ, or phi) of a point on the Earth's surface is the angle
between the equatorial plane and a line that passes through that point and is normal to
the surface of a reference ellipsoid, which approximates the shape of the Earth. This line
passes a few kilometers away from the center of the Earth except at the poles and the
equator where it passes through Earth's center. Lines joining points of the same latitude
trace circles on the surface of the Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator
and to each other. The north pole is 90° N; the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of
latitude is designated the equator, the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate
systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The
Longitude (abbreviation: Long., λ, or lambda) of a point on the Earth's surface is the angle
east or west from a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that
point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often improperly called great circles),
which converge at the north and south poles.

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Final slide Title