3. Adapting to competing demands – examples of water
productivity increases and transfers across sectors exist
Agricultural
production
levels
increased…
…as allocation to
agriculture reduced and
transferred to urban use
Molden et al
4. Tanzania – from bucket to pump –
facilitating entry into the irrigation market
5. Large scale drip systems are
becoming a reality, e.g. Gujarat
Photos, Hamish John Appleby
6. Proposition 2: Policy coherence is elusive but possible –
solutions for groundwater over-abstraction and under-utilization
Source: Tushaar Shah, IWMI
Jyotigram Yojana – solution to a
dilemma of perverse subsidies
7. West Bengal – easing regulatory and cost barriers
• Access to groundwater - a
major obstacle
• Reforms reduced red-tape -
licensing and connection
charges
• Could benefit more than 4.5
million smallholders
Source: Aditi Mukherji, IWMI
9. Proposition 3: Hydropower development and irrigation
can be compatible
At basin level, hydropower storage can increase irrigation potential
– the Mekong case
Dry season water levels, Chiang
Saen, Mekong, Nov ‘13-May ’14
Source: MRC
…. and, in some cases, can lead to tension
Source: MRC
Huffington Post
10. At project level, the peaking flows from hydropower
projects require re-regulation. Is managed groundwater
recharge a possibility?
12. Proposition 4: Dams – the controversy continues, but
affected people can also benefit…although not under
prevailing development models
13. Adopt a benefit sharing approach?
e.g. Andes experience
Institutional innovations for upstream-downstream benefit sharing:
Benefit sharing mechanism (BSM) for Caneta Basin
New Law on Payment for Ecosystems Services (PES) in Peru
Supporting implementation of BSM in more than 30 new areas
throughout the Andes
Photo, Tom Schauble
14. Rethinking the use of reservoir
drawdown area for livelihoods,
Yali Dam, Vietnam
Existing crops are at risk of flooding at the end of the season
New shorter-duration varieties of cassava suited to reservoir operations
Positive results
• 32 t/ha (up by 51%); 26% starch (up by 24%); benefit $350-$850/ha
Senaratna Sellamuttu S, IWMI
Photo: Oliver Joffre
15. Constructed reservoir wetlands – balancing the built -
natural environment
Without wetlands With created wetlands
Wet season: Reservoir full
Dry season: Reservoir drawn down
Source: Meynell, P-J
16. Resolution: Look for what ‘can’ be done,
……..not what ‘must’ be done
Identify political entry points:
A common thread of many successful examples has been
the people who looked beyond sectors for solutions and
found ways within sectors to implement them.
Photos, Hamish John Appleby
17. For more information: www.iwmi.org
CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems
http://wle.cgiar.org/