3. “Cloud Computing is a paradigm
in which information is
permanently stored in servers
on the internet and cached
temporarily on clients that
include desktops, entertainment
centers, table computers,
notebooks, wall computers,
hand-helds, sensors, monitors,
etc.”
- 2008 IEEE paper
8/30/20133
4. 3 Main Types or Personalities
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS): A wide range of application
services delivered via various business models normally
available as public offering
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): Application development
platforms provides authoring and runtime environment
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): Also known as elastic
compute clouds, enable virtual hardware for various uses
8/30/20134
5. IaaS
Cloud Programming Environment and Tools:
Web 2.0, Mashups, Concurrent and Distributed
Programming, Workflow
Cloud Hosting Platforms: QoS Negotiation
Admission Control, Pricing, SLA Management,
Monitoring
Cloud Physical Resources: Storage, virtualized
clusters, servers, network.
Scientific Computing, Enterprise ISV, Social
Networking, Gaming
Amazon EC2, GoGrid, RightScale,
Jovent
Animoto, Sales Force, Google
Document
User Applications
User-level and
infrastructure level
Platform
Google AppEngine, MapReduce,
Aneka, Microsoft Azure
Infrastructure
SaaS
PaaS
CloudEconomy
8/30/20135
7. Computer Rm. AC 34%
Server/Storage 50%
Conversion 7%
Network 7%
Lighting 2%
Source: APC
Compute resources and
particularly servers are at
the heart of a complex,
evolving system!
Where Does the Power Go?
Power Consumption in the Datacenter
8/30/20137
8. Clouds Impact on the
Environment
Data centers are not only expensive to
maintain, but also unfriendly to the
environment.
Carbon emission due to Data Centers worldwide is
now more than both Argentina and the Netherlands
emission.
High energy costs and huge carbon footprints are
incurred due to the massive amount of electricity
needed to power and cool the numerous servers
hosted in these data centers.
8/30/20138
9. Green Cloud: “performance”
“energy efficiency”
As energy costs are
increasing, there is a need to
shift focus from optimising data
center resource management for
pure performance alone to
optimising for energy efficiency
while maintaining high service
level performance.
We propose Green Cloud
computing model that achieves
not only efficient processing and
utilisation of computing
infrastructure, but also minimise
energy consumption.
8/30/20139
11. Public Cloud B
Private
Cloud
End User
Carbon Emission
Directory
Public Cloud A
a) Request
a cloud
service
d) Allocate
service
e) Request
service
allocation
c) Request
energy
efficiency
information
Green Offer
Directory
b) Request
any green
offerRouters
Internet
Green Broker
8/30/201311
12. Green Offer and Carbon Emission
Directory
Carbon Emission Directory
Contains data on Power Usage Effectiveness
(PUE), cooling efficiency, carbon footprint,
network cost
Helps user to select cloud services with
minimum carbon footprint
Require more carbon transparency from
providers
Government role by enforcing policies such
as Carbon Tax
Green Offer Directory
Incentive for users
Choosing more carbon efficient hours
Lists services with their discounted prices and
green hours
Power Usage Effectiveness(PUE)
8/30/201312
13. UCAD Data Center
Campus Wide Backbone
Area occupied : - 60 square meters
Operates 24 hours a day
Servers : - 500 watts each
Green Data Center approach : - Racks
Cloud Computing involves : -
1. Workload Diversification
2. Power management flexibility
Low Power Processors in data centers : -
Microsoft
Earth Rangers
Case Study of Senegal
13
Rack Design
Horizontal Approach : - “Rack” Design
Peak Daily Energy : - 23 KW
Normal Daily Usage : - 6.8 KW
Cloud Scheme : - Two Full Racks
completely powered for 24/7
Area Required : - 1240 sq. feet
Solar PV Array
8/30/2013
14. Data Centers:
As of 2007, 14% of all ICT emission is caused by Data Centers
Roughly 50% of the emission due to data centers is due to
power system losses and cooling loads
Rapid Growth in use of IPTV, VOIP, enterprise IT
Use of both Corporate and Internet Data Centers.
Indian Scenario
8/30/201314
15. Conclusions
Clouds are essentially Data Centres hosting application services
offered on a subscription basis. However, they consume high energy
to maintain their operations.
high operational cost + environmental impact
Presented a Carbon Aware Green Cloud Framework to improve the
carbon footprint of Cloud computing
Open Issues:
Lots of research to be carried out
Maximizing Efficiency of Green Data Centers
Developing Regions to benefit the most
8/30/201315
16. References
Keynote Paper
• Green Cloud Computing and Environmental Sustainability
- Saurabh Kumar Garg and Rajkumar Buyya.
Green Cloud Computing : Balancing Energy in Processing,
Storage, and Transport By Jayant Baliga, Robert W. A. Ayre, Kerry
Hinton, and Rodney S. Tucker
An Intelligent Cloud Computing Architecture Supporting e-
Governance by Rajkumar Sharma and Priyesh Kanungo
PUE: The Green Grid metric for evaluating the energy efficiency
in DC (Data Center). Measurement method using the Power
Demand by Enrique laureguialzo
8/30/201316
Cloud computing is a new paradigm and people are saying it will revolutionize the IT industry. It provides all IT needs through three services: SaaS, PaaS and IaaS
Everyone is now aware of increasing contribution of IT industry to environmental pollution.
With the improvement of technology, the power consumption of datacenters is also increasing. Most of the power actually goes in the IT applications running on the servers. Even in cooling, the energy consumption is due to server heat.
This is the proposed overall architecture. User send requests of Cloud services. Green Broker decides the resources in such a way that it result in minimum carbon emissions. This framework includes two new entities which gives incentives to Cloud providers by providing ways to attract customers.
These are the features of the two new entities.PUE DefinitionOverall Power Drawn by the facility divided by the Power Delivered to the Data Centers.PUE relates the total consumption of the installation with that considered essential to the service: the computer servers(IT Load).It is the responsibility of the IT manager to reduce the consumption of IT load (renewing servers, virtualizing, etc.), and theresponsibility of the infrastructure manager to reduce the auxiliary consumption (more efficient equipment, free-cooling, etc.)CUE –Carbon Usage EffectivenessCUE defines CO2 emissions associated with the DC losses.
Workload diversification: Because many different sorts of users will be availing themselves of diverse cloud resources – differentapplications, different feature set preferences and different usage volumes – this will improve hardware utilization andtherefore make better use of power that is being used anyway to keep a server up and running. 2. Power-managementflexibility: It is easier to manage virtual servers than physical servers from a power perspective. If hardware fails, the loadcan automatically be deployed elsewhere. Likewise, in theory, all virtual loads could be moved to certain servers when loadsare light and power-down or idle those that are not being used.Recent implementation of cloud computing - virtualization at a Canadian non-profit, Earth Rangers, demonstrated their ability to replace 4 racks of servers with ½ rack of servers and ½ rack of storage for their entire IT Operation.
These are some of the facets of research concerning the Indian Scenario.IPTV-IP TelevisionVOIP- Voice Over Internet Protocol