Social climate change & water crisis
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this z a ppt on climate change and water crisis well, I would actually say that a few slides in da climate change r frm other ppt's bt most dem were searched by myself. in da water crisis also I hv done da same.... for more info;s I hv also made a page of IMPORTANT references.. thank u hope u'd lyk it comment below
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Social climate change & water crisis
- 2. CONTENTS WHAT IS CLIMATE? WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE? FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE IS CLIMATE CHANGE REAL? IS EARTH’S CLIMATE CHANGING? CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE GASES Increasing Greenhouse Gases Trap More Heat HUMAN ACTIVITY INFLUENCE CARBON CYCLE & CARBON DIOXIDE PRESENT CARBON CYCLE WORLDWIDE CARBON EMISSION OCEAN ACIDIFICATION WHAT IF NO GREENHOUSE GASES WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING GLOBAL WARMING LEADS TO: EARTH’S TEMPERATURE – 1 EARTH’S TEMPERATURE – 2 HOW HOT CAN IT GET? FLOODS V/S DROUGHTS EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE : THE DEBATE SOLUTIONS INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS
- 3. CONTENTS FACTS ABOUT WATER - 1 FACTS ABOUT WATER – 2 WHAT IS WATER CRISIS? SAFE DRINKING WATER IS SCARCE PRECIPITATION PATTEERNS WILL CHANGE EFFECTS OF FLODDING EFFECTS OF DROUGHTS DEMAND & USAGE 4 KILLER FACTS CASE STUDY WATER SCARCITY IN INDIA WATER STATES HIT BY WATER SCARCITY(INDIA) FACTS ABOUT WATER SCARCITY REFERENCES
- 4. WHAT IS CLIMATE? Climate is the statistics (usually, mean or variability) of weather, in a given region over a long period of time (usually 30 years). temperature humidity atmospheric pressure wind precipitation atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in
- 5. WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE? Climate change is a change in the usual weather found in a place. This could be a change in how much rain a place usually gets in a year. Or it could be a change in a place's usual temperature for a month or season. Climate change is also a change in Earth's climate. This could be a change in Earth's usual temperature. Or it could be a change in where rain and snow usually fall on Earth.
- 7. Latitude Altitude Ocean Currents Topography Solar Radiation Evaporation Orbital Variations Volcanic Activity ABIOTIC FACTORS FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CLIMATIC CHANGES
- 8. IS CLIMATE CHANGE REAL? There is broad-based agreement within the scientific community that climate change is real. Conquer that climate change is indeed occurring and is almost certainly due to human activity. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency the National Aeronautics and Space Administration the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- 9. IS EARTH’S CLIMATE CHANGING? Earth's climate is always changing. • There have been times when Earth's climate has been warmer than it is now. There have been times when it has been cooler • These times can last thousands or millions of years. • People who study Earth see that Earth's climate is getting warmer. Earth's temperature has gone up about one degree Fahrenheit in the last 100 years. This may not seem like much. But small changes in Earth's temperature can have big effects. •. Some effects are already happening. • Warming of Earth's climate has caused some snow and ice to melt. • The warming also has caused oceans to rise. And it has changed the timing of when certain plants grow
- 10. CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGEMost scientists say that humans can change climate too. People drive cars. People heat and cool their houses. People cook food. All those things take energy. One way we get energy is by burning coal, oil and gas. Burning these things puts gases into the air. The gases cause the air to heat up. This can change the climate of a place. It also can change Earth's climate. Over the past 150 years, the world’s industrialized nations have changed the balance of the carbon cycle by burning huge amounts of fossil fuels which emits greenhouse gases into the atmosphere— primarily carbon dioxide. (concentrated carbon such as coal, oil and gas) Other human activities, such as agriculture and deforestation, also contribute to the proliferation of greenhouse gases that cause climate change. the atmospheric concentration of CO2 did not rise above 300 parts per million between the advent of human civilization roughly 10,000 years ago and 1900. Today it is at about 400 ppm, a level not reached in more than 400,000 years. Many things can cause climate to change all on its own. Earth's distance from the sun can change. The sun can send out more or less energy. Oceans can change. When a volcano erupts, it can change our climate. Industrialized nations have also breeding vast numbers of methane-producing livestock and cutting down the forests that naturally absorb carbon dioxide from the air.
- 11. GREEN HOUSE GASES Greenhouse gases include carbon-based gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. They’re vital in the Earth’s atmosphere in certain quantities because they help trap and retain some of the sun’s heat (the ‘greenhouse effect’). This makes life as we know it possible on Earth – without it the world would be mostly frozen. But too much is dangerous, too.
- 12. GREENHOUSE GASES Nitrous oxide Water Carbon dioxide Methane Sulfur hexafluoride
- 13. “GREENHOUSE EFFECT”Increasing greenhouse gases trap more heat
- 15. •The carbon cycle is the natural process by which carbon gases are emitted and absorbed across the globe. •This determines the overall levels of carbon gases in the atmosphere. CARBON CYCLE •Carbon dioxide is a natural gas. • It’s essential for all life on Earth. • It’s absorbed by plants as they grow, and emitted by all life forms when they respire and when they die (or when they’re burned as fuel). • Other than water vapor, it’s the most common greenhouse gas CARBON DIOXIDE
- 16. PRESENT CARBON CYCLE SPEED OF EXCHANGE PROCESS Very fast (less than 1 year) Fast (1 to 10 years) Slow (10 to 100 years) Very slow (more than 100 years) Storage and flux of carbon (in billions of tones)
- 17. Carbon(109metrictons) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Liquid fuel Total Gas fuel Solid fuel 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 Year
- 18. THIS IMAGE SHOWS THE CHANGE IN PH OF THE OCEANS OVER THE PAST 300 YEARS. THE BRIGHTER THE COLOR, THE MORE THE DECREASE IN PH OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
- 19. With no greenhouse gases at all in its atmosphere, scientists estimate that Earth’s average atmospheric temperature would be about -18° C, or about 0°F WHAT IF NO GREENHOUSE GASES?
- 20. Global Warming refers to average increase in the earth’s temperature due to increase in pollution which results in greenhouse effect which in turn leads to climate change. WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING?
- 21. : GLOBAL WARMING LEADS TO rise in the sea level due to melting of glaciers shrinkage of forests changes in the rainfall pattern wide range of impacts on plants and humans.
- 24. HOW HOT CAN IT GET? RISE OF 2°C •A rise of just 2°c would mean: •severe storms and floods in some countries, droughts in many more •seas become more acidic, coral and krill die, food chains are destroyed •little or no Arctic sea ice in summer – not just bad news for polar bears, it also means that the global climate warms faster (as there’s less polar ice to deflect sunlight) BEYOND 2°C • Scientists predict possible rises of up to 6°C this century if we don’t drastically cut greenhouse gas emissions. It almost doesn’t bear thinking about what this would mean: •Rainforests dying. •Increased melting of the ancient ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. •Dramatic sea level rises. •And people and animals suffering along the way.
- 25. In the last century, our planet’s average temperature has increased by approximately 1°C. Just 1°C? This seems very small. So why is global warming such a big problem? To answer your question, let’s compare the earth to the human body. What will happen if your body temperature increases by even a few degrees?
- 26. I will fall sick. Exactly! Similarly, if the temperature of the Earth increases by even a few degrees the result is Climate Change.
- 28. WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE? Even small increases in Earth’s temperature caused by climate change can have severe effects. The earth’s average temperature has gone up 1.4° F over the past century and is expected to rise as much as 11.5° F over the next. That might not seem like a lot, but the average temperature during the last Ice Age was about 4º F lower than it is today. Scientific research shows that the climate - that is, the average temperature of the planet's surface - has risen by 0.89 °C from 1901 to 2012. Compared with climate change patterns throughout Earth's history, the rate of temperature rise since the Industrial Revolution is extremely high.
- 29. RAINFAL L There have been observed changes in precipitation, but not all areas have data over long periods. Rainfall has increased in the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere since the beginning of the 20th century. There are also changes between seasons in different regions. For example, the UK's summer rainfall is decreasing on average, while winter rainfall is increasing. There is also evidence that heavy rainfall events have become more intensive, especially over North America
- 30. Rising sea levels due to the melting of the polar ice caps (again, caused by climate change) contribute to greater storm damage. warming ocean temperatures are associated with stronger and more frequent storms. additional rainfall, particularly during severe weather events leads to flooding and other damage. an increase in the incidence and severity of wildfires threatens habitats, homes, and lives. heat waves contribute to human deaths and other consequences. Since 1900, sea levels have risen by about 10 cm around the UK and about 19 cm globally, on average. The rate of sea-level rise has increased in recent decades. EFFECTS ON SEA LEVELS
- 31. Retreating glaciers • Glaciers all over the world - in the Alps, Rockies, Andes, Himalayas, Africa and Alaska - are melting and the rate of shrinkage has increased in recent decades. Sea ice • Arctic sea-ice has been declining since the late 1970s, reducing by about 4%, or 0.6 million square kilometers (an area about the size of Madagascar) per decade. • At the same time Antarctic sea-ice has increased, but at a slower rate of about 1.5% per decade. Ice sheets • The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, which between them store the majority of the world's fresh water, are both shrinking at an accelerating rate. RETREATING GLACIERS, SEA ICE & ICE SHEETS
- 32. CLIMATE CHANGE: THE DEBATE While consensus among nearly all scientists, scientific organizations, and governments is that climate change is happening and is caused by human activity, a small minority of voices questions the validity of such assertions and prefers to cast doubt on the preponderance of evidence. Climate change deniers often claim that recent changes attributed to human activity can be seen as part of the natural variations in Earth’s climate and temperature, and that it is difficult or impossible to establish a direct connection between climate change and any single weather event, such as a hurricane. While the latter is generally true, decades of data and analysis support the reality of climate change—and the human factor in this process. In any case, economists agree that acting to reduce fossil fuel emissions would be far less expensive than dealing with the consequences of not doing so.
- 33. SOLUTIONS Produce more fuel-efficient vehicles Reduce vehicle useImprove energy- efficiency in buildings Develop carbon capture and storage processes Triple nuclear power Increase solar power Decrease deforestation/plant forests
- 34. INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS Use mass transit, bike, walk, roller skate Tune up your furnace Unplug appliances or plug into a power strip and switch it off Buy water-saving appliances and toilets; installing low-flow shower heads. Caulk, weatherstrip, insulate, and replace old windows Buy products with a U.S. EPA Energy Star label
- 47. TO PUT IT ANOTHER WAY……..
- 59. WHAT IS WATER CRISIS? Simply put, water scarcity is either the lack of enough water (quantity) or lack of access to safe water (quality). It's hard for most of us to imagine that clean, safe water is not something that can be taken for granted. But, in the developing world, finding a reliable source of safe water is often time- consuming and expensive. This is known as economic scarcity. Water can be found...it simply requires more resources to do it. In other areas, the lack of water is a more profound problem. There simply isn't enough. That is known as physical scarcity. The problem of water scarcity is a growing one. As more people put ever-increasing demands on limited supplies, the cost and effort to build or even maintain access to water will increase. And water's importance to political and social stability will only grow with the crisis
- 60. Clean, safe drinking water is scarce. Today, nearly 1 billion people in the developing world don't have access to it. Yet, wetake it for granted, we waste it, and we even pay too much to drink it from little plastic bottles. Water is the foundation of life. And still today, all around the world, far too many people spend their entire day searching for it. In places like sub-Saharan Africa, time lost gathering water and suffering from water- borne diseases is limiting people's true potential, especially women and girls. Education is lost to sickness. Economic development is lost while people merely try to survive. But it doesn't have to be like this. It's needless suffering. SAFE DRINKING WATER IS SCARCE
- 61. THERE MAY BE MORE INTENSE RAINFALL ON RAINY DAYS and more dry days in a year PRECIPITATION PATTERNS WILL CHANGE
- 64. Demand and Usage Industrial •Water is both an important input. Agricultural •90% of total water resources used. Domestic •30% of the rural population lack access to drinking water.
- 65. These ecosystems are rich in biodiversity. The mangroves alone house marine turtles, freshwater dolphins and crocodiles. People too will be affected. More than a million people depend on the mangroves for natural resources such as honey, fish and wood. People living on the islands will have no home and will have to take refuge elsewhere. By 2100, the sea level will have risen by a meter. 4 KILLER FACTS
- 66. To make matters worse, Bangladesh is an extremely densely populated country. This will reduce the economic activity in Bangladesh and, more importantly, displace people from their homes. 66% of the people of Bangladesh work in farms, however, low-lying farmland can be flooded by an increase in sea levels. An increase in sea level will make diseases such as malaria (the mosquitoes that spread malaria lay eggs in watery areas) and cholera (which can spread by unclean water and ill-prepared food) Even by a half meter increase in sea level, 10% of the land in Bangladesh will be lost. One of the countries worst affected by an increase in sea levels is Bangladesh. CASE STUDY: HOW WILL AN INCREASE IN SEA LEVELS AFFECT BANGLADESH?
- 67. INDIA’S DEMAND FOR WATER IS GROWING AT AN ALARMING RATE. WATER SCARCITY IN INDIA
- 68. . India is facing a water crisis that has implications not only for its 1.1 billion people, but for the entire globe. WATER
- 71. 1 IN 10 PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO SAFE WATER
- 72. 1 IN 3 PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO A TOILET
- 73. WOMEN AND CHILDREN SPEND 125 MILLION HOURS EACH DAY COLLECTING WATER
- 74. EVERY 90 SECONDS A CHILD DIES FROM A WATER-RELATED DISEASE
- 75. EVERY $1 INVESTED IN WATER AND SANITATION PROVIDES A $4 ECONOMIC RETURN