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rock&ice 4
ideaMontagna
editoria e alpinismo
Mont Blanc
classic & plaisir
SECOND EDITION
rock&ice
ideaMontagna
editoria e alpinismo
Mont Blanc
classic & plaisir
Translation: Lynne Hempton
Opening a book about Mont Blanc is always a moving experience for me, a mountain which I’ve
dreamed of so much and which has given me so many dreams in return.
First of all, I remember the moment when I discovered these mountains, at fourteen years old,
thanks to Gaston Rebuffat’s beautifully entitled book, “Mont Blanc, jardin féérique”*.
I am immensely grateful to Rébuffat, who through this book revealed to me a true high-altitude
gem, something I’d only dreamed of, confusedly and ardently, having grown up in a flat region
with no mountains.
And then there are numerous memories of hours and hours spent there, in the heart of these
mountains, which little by little have become engraved in my memory. As well as these, though,
are the precious faces of so many companions, illuminated by the light and shade of the moun-
tains. Faces alight with effort or enthusiasm, with fatigue or joy, with worry or relief, with wonder
or confusion...
Let this book, so clearly the product of a true lifetime passion, reveal to its readers those great
places where dreams are made, along the main roads or secret corners of this inexhaustible “en-
chanted garden”. Let it guide you in the realisation of those dreams, accomplished and wholly
shared in that unique bond between climbers.
Patrick Gabarrou
* Mont Blanc, enchanted garden
5
PREFACE
First edition: July 2012
Second edition: July 2015
ISBN: 978-88-97299-63-9
Idea Montagna Editoria e Alpinismo
Via Guido Rossa, 17 - 35016 Piazzola sul Brenta - Padua - Italy
Tel. 049 9601797 - Fax 049 8840000
info@ideamontagna.it - www.ideamontagna.it
General Coordination: Francesco Cappellari
Graphic Design: Rossella Benetollo
Layout, Images, Maps Irene Cappellari
Illustrations, Maps, Route Lines and Text: Marco Romelli
Translation: Lynne Hempton
Printed by: Litocenter Srl for Idea Montagna Editoria e Alpinismo
Cover Photo: Climbers on the gendarme of La Table to the Aiguille du Tour
Page 2: Dawn over the Grandes Jorasses viewed from the Aiguille de Leschaux
All rights reserved.
Any reproduction of the text, images and photographs, even partial, is strictly forbidden.
Warning: This guide has been complied with the greatest possible care; however there is no guarantee against the possibility
of errors or omissions. The use of the information in this guide is at the user’s own risk. The author and the editor accept no
responsibility for any incidents or other consequences.
PHOTOGRAPHY
All of the photographs used for the photo topos were taken by the author, apart from the photos on page 301 (A. Chanoine)
and 317 (A. Conz). Where not otherwise specified in the caption, all other photographs were taken by the author.
l Introduction
7
Around 300 million years ago, a large granite intrusion formed the base structure of today’s
Mont Blanc massif. The alpine orogeny, still active today, has gradually raised this granite centre
which, shaped by atmospheric agents and cracked by tectonic movements, is now visible today.
Granite is an intrusive igneous rock, originating from the slow consolidation of magma below the
earth’s crust. The term “igneous” is derived from “ignis” – the latin word for fire. In this sense,
Mont Blanc was born from fire: not difficult to imagine when you observe the red shades of its
gendarmes. A similarity is found in the topography: the rocky divide which descends to the Mer
de Glace from the Aiguille du Dru, for example, is called “Flammes de Pierre”, “Flames of Stone”.
As well as the rock, ice is another fundamental material which has determined the majestic and
varied architecture of the massif. The glaciers have sculpted rock faces and excavated the valleys
which we ski down or walk up to access routes today. That the summit of Mont Blanc reaches
and goes beyond 4800 metres is only thanks to the thick ice cap which covers its rocky base. The
altitude and the climatic situation have preserved remarkable glacial masses which, despite their
general and unstoppable recession, can still be admired in all their glory today.
But even if formation and colour alone were enough to distinguish Mont Blanc along the alpine
chain, it is its history which makes it unique amongst the world’s mountains. Mountaineering was
born on Mont Blanc and it is here it took the first steps of its evolution. In the last two centuries,
footprints on the snows of its glaciers have multiplied, from the first shaky steps of hobnailed bo-
ots to the precise tracks of modern technical crampons. Generations of mountaineers have put
themselves to the test on its walls, following pre-existing routes or welcoming the new challenges
of which this massif is an inexhaustible source. Starting with the inital scientific and naturalistic
aims, the motivations which have attracted visitors to Mont Blanc have become adventurous and
romantic, then more and more focused on sport.
Unlike the modern tendancy to focus on hard mixed climbing only accessible to a select few, this
book proposes a selection of routes of “medium” technical difficulty, thus achievable by anyone
with adequate preparation. Along these routes, sporting performance comes second to the com-
plete experience, without forfeiting the elegance of the lines and the harmony of movements
they create. In this way, following “plaisir” climbs such as the historical routes created by the
pioneers, we can immerse ourselves completely in Mont Blanc’s unique atmosphere without the
anxieties of performance or risk detracting from the feeling of beauty of this enchanted world to
which we have been granted access.
Marco Romelli
INTRODUCTION
Left: The snowy cap of the Aiguille Verte overlooking Col du Passon and
the Glacier du Tour
Next page: Spring on the Bosses Ridge
l Index
9
INDEX
• Preface	 5
• Introduction	7
• Geographic Location	 12
• Technical Information	 14
ONE • ORNY - TRIENT	 21
	 Gendarme d’Orny	 25
	001 • Papa Paye		 26
	 Aiguille de la Cabane	 30
	002 • Voie du Bon Accueil	 31
	 Aiguille d’Orny 	 35
	003 • La Moquette	 36
	 Aiguilles Dorées	 41
	004 • Couloir Copt	 42
	005 • South Ridge	 46
	 Tête Blanche	 52
	006 • North Face	 53
TWO • TOUR BASIN	 55
	 Aiguille du Tour	 60
	007 • Normal Route	 61
	008 • Couloir de la Table	 64
	 Aiguille du Chardonnet	 67
	009 • Forbes Arête	 68
	010 • Migot Spur	 72
	 Tête Blanche and Petite Fourche	 75
	011 • Normal Routes	 76
THREE • ARGENTIÈRE BASIN	 79
	 Petite Aiguille Verte	 85
	012 • Normal Route	 86
	013 • Chevalier Couloir	 88
	 Aiguille d’Argentière	 90
	014 • Normal Route 	 91
	015 • Y Couloir	 94
	 Aiguille du Refuge
	 and Aiguille du Génépi		 97
	016 • Le Gâteau de Riz	 98
	017 • South Ridge	 102
FOUR • MER DE GLACE	 105
	 Lower Envers Slabs	 110
	018 • Pilier des Rhodo-Dindons	 111
	019 • Voie Georges	 111
	020 • Vingt Mille Lieues Sous la Neige	 111
	 Aiguille du Moine	 118
	021 • South Side and South Ridge	 119
	022 • Normal Route	 123
	 Aiguille Verte	 125
	023 • Normal Route		 126
	 Les Courtes	 132
	024 • Normal Route and Traverse	 133
	 Pointe Isabelle	 138
	025 • Normal Route	 139
FIVE • AIGUILLES DE CHAMONIX 	143
	 Aiguille de l’M	 147
	026 • North-North-East Ridge	 148
	 Petits Charmoz	 152
	027 • Traverse	 153
	 Lames Fontaine	 158
	028 • Voie Abert	 159
	 Aiguille du Peigne	 162
	029 • Les Lépidoptères	 163
	030 • Arête des Papillons	 167
	031 • Éperon des Minettes	 171
SIX • AIGUILLE DU MIDI
LES TROIS MONTS		 175
	 Aiguille du Midi	 181
	032 • Cosmiques Arête	 182
	033 • Voie Rébuffat
	 Eperon des Cosmiques	 185
	 Aiguille du Plan	 190
	034 • Midi-Plan Traverse	 191
	 Pointe Lachenal	 195
	035 • Traverse	 196
	 Triangle du Tacul	 198
	036 • Contamine-Négri	 199
1110
	037 • Contamine-Grisolle	 202
	038 • Contamine-Mazeaud	204
	039 • Goulotte Chéré	 206
	 Mont Blanc du Tacul	 209
	040 • Normal Route 	 210
	 Mont Maudit	 213
	041 • North-East Ridge	 214
	 Mont Blanc	 217
	042 • Voie des Trois Monts	 218
SEVEN • BOSSONS - BIONNASSAY
VALLÉE DES CONTAMINES	 221
	 Mont Blanc	 229
	043 • Voie Royale	 230
	044 • Normal Route via the Aiguille du 		
Goûter and the Bosses Ridge	 234
	 Aiguille de Bionnassay	 238
	045 • Traverse of the Ridges	 239
	 Dômes de Miage	 243
	046 • Mettrier Ridge to Dôme Orientale	 244
	047 • Dômes de Miage Traverse	 248
	 Aiguille Nord de Tré la Tête	 252
	048 • Normal Route via the NNW face	 253
	 Aiguille de la Leé Blanche	 255
	049 • North-West Face		 256
EIGHT • VAL VENY - SEIGNE	 259
	 Aiguille des Glaciers	 266
	050 • Normal Route	 267
	 Dôme de Neige des Glaciers	 271
	051 • Lanchettes Ridge		 272
	 Pyramides Calcaires	 275
	052 • North-East Ridge	 276
	 Petit Mont Blanc	 280
	053 • Normal Route	 281
	 Aiguille Orientale de Tré la Tête	 283
	054 • East Ridge	 284
	 Mont Blanc	 287
	055 • Aiguilles Grises Route	 289
	 Aiguille du Châtelet	 293
	056 • Hydrotecnique	 294
	057 • Velociraptor	296
	 Aiguille Croux	 298
	058 • Via Cheney	 299
NINE • POINTE HELBRONNER
COL DU GÉANT		 303
	 Dent du Géant	 310
	059 • Normal Route	 312
	 Aiguille de Rochefort	 315
	060 • Normal Route
	 via the Rochefort Ridge	 316
	 Aiguilles Marbrées	 318
	061 • Traverse	 319
	 Aiguille de Toule	 322
	062 • South-West slope	 323
	063 • North Face	 326
	 Aiguille d’Entrèves	 328
	064 • Ridge traverse		 329
	 Tour Ronde	 332
	065 • Normal Route	 333
	066 • North Face	 336
	067 • Gervasutti Couloir	 339
	 Roi de Siam	 344
	068 • Le Lifting du Roi	 345
	 Pyramide du Tacul	 350
	069 • East Ridge		 351
TEN • VAL FERRET	 357
	 Aiguille de Leschaux	 363
	070 • Normal Route	 364
	 Parete dei Titani	 368
	071 • Génépi 1-2	 369
	 Monts Rouges de Triolet	 371
	072 • Les Chamois Volants	 372
	073 • La Bérésina	 378
	 Mont Dolent	 381
	074 • Normal Route	 382
ELEVEN • AIGUILLES ROUGES	 385
	 Le Brévent	 389
	075 • La Frison-Roche	 390
	 Aiguille de Charlanon	 394
	076 • Arête du Doigt	 395
	 Aiguille de l’Index	 399
	077 • South-East Ridge	 400
	 Pointe Gaspard	 404
	078 • Gaspard Premier	 405
	 Aiguilles Crochues	 407
	079 • Traverse	 408
	080 • South Ridge to the South Summit	 411
ROUTES IN GRADE ORDER	 414
• Mountaineering routes with some
or limited in-situ gear	 414
• Fully bolted sport climbs	 415
• Ice routes	 415
• High mountain and mixed routes	 416
BIOGRAPHIES AND TALES
The Remy brothers	 34
Michel Piola	 116
Edward Whymper	 130
Gaston Rébuffat	 188
André Contamine	 201
First ascent of Mont Blanc	 237
Giusto Gervasutti	 342
Arturo Ottoz	 354
Patrick Gabarrou and Manlio Motto	 376
l IndexRock&Ice l Mont Blanc classic & plaisir
Passion, experience and quality
Climbing, Mountaineering,
Freeride and Canyoning
Tel: +39 3335742382
Website: www.albertomountainguide.it
Alberto Boschiazzo
Alpine Guide
10
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Le Brévent
2525 m
Aiguille Verte
4122 m
Aiguille du Midi
3842 m
Aiguille du Plan
3673 m
Mt. Maudit
4465 m
Mt. Blanc
4810 m
Aig. de Bionnassay
4052 m
Aig. des Glaciers
3816 m
Aig. de Tré
la Tête
3930 m
Dent du Géant
4013 m
Plan de
l’Aiguille
Bellevue
V
a
l
F
e
r
r
e
t
V a
l
V
e
n
y
Montenvers
Nid d’Aigle
Dôme
sd
e
Miage
Les Grandes
Jorasses
4208 m
Col de la
Seigne
Col du Petit
Ferret
Col du Grand
Ferret
Col des
Montets
Mont Dolent
3823 mLes Courtes
3856 m
Aig. d’Argentière
3902 m
Aig. du Chardonnet
3824 m
Aig. du Tour
3544 m
Tête de Licony
2929 m
Grande
Rochère
3320 m
Berrio Blanc
3252 m
Pointe Noire de
Pormenaz
2323 m
Désert de
Platé
La Breya
Mont Tondu
3196 m
Mer
d
e
Glace
Glac. de
Talèfre
Glac. du
Géant
Glac. de la
Brenva
G
l
acier
du
M i a g e
Glac. de
TrélaTête
GlacierdesBossons
Lac
Combal
Glac.
du Tour
Plateau du
Trient
Gla
c.d’Argen
tière
Aig. du Belvédère
2965 m
AiguillesRouges
Chamonix
Courmayeur
Entrèves
Les Houches
Servoz
Le Fayet
Les Praz
St. Gervais
Les Contamines
Montjoie
La Gruvaz
Argentière
Le Tour
MARTIGNY
SALLANCHES
CLUSES
1312
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
The Mont Blanc range extends for more than 30
km in the north-western part of the Alpine Arc
in the Graian Alps. The main ridge runs SW-NE
and marks the border between France and Italy
and, further north, between France and Swit-
zerland. The basin of the Glacier des Glaciers
in the French department of Savoie forms the
range’s southern limit. From south-west to nor-
th-east, the Tré la Tête massif and the central
Mont Blanc massif to the Pré de Bar basin stand
between the Italian Valle d’Aosta and the Fren-
ch Upper Savoie. The three countries of Fran-
ce, Italy and Switzerland meet on the summit
of Mont Dolent. From here to the Trient area,
the ridge faces more decisively north and forms
the border between the Upper Savoie and the
Swiss canton of Valais. The Mont Blanc Tunnel
(opened in 1965) extends for 11 km and con-
nects France and Italy, whilst Col des Montets
to the north of Chamonix gives access to the
Swiss border. Road access to the far south and
north-east areas of the range is less direct, given
that the main passes, Col de la Seigne and the
Grand and Petit Ferret passes are not accessible
to road traffic.
AOSTA
MILAN
TURIN
l Geographic locationRock&Ice l Mont Blanc classic & plaisir
198
036
36
37
38
39
Triangle
du Tacul
199
A triangular rocky buttress around 400 m high which characterises the north face of Mont Blanc
du Tacul. On this formation, veined with gullies and icefalls, there are numerous routes which
share an easy approach and technical climbing. Some lines, both characteristic and enjoyable,
have now become ultra classics.
The logical conclusion to a route on the Triangle is to gain the summit of Tacul via its superb
north ridge, but impatient climbers can take advantage of a short cut which leads from the sum-
mit of the Triangle to the normal route.
General conditions: All of the routes are potentially climbable from spring to late autumn, depending
on the condition of the descent route which is very delicate at any time of year after recent snowfall
(see route 040). Thanks to the possibility of an abseil descent, Goulotte Chéré can be climbed year-
round. The predominantly glacial nature of the rest of the routes makes them dangerous in very warm
or dry periods (rockfall). In general the best conditions are found with a good snow cover and good
refreezing conditions. Any further condition specifics are mentioned in the descriptions of each route.
Routes:
Contamine-Négri
Contamine-Grisolle
Contamine-Mazeaud
Goulotte Chéré
TRIANGLE DU TACUL 3970 m
Ski approach to Triangle du Tacul
FIRST ASCENT: P. Labrunie, J. Martin,
M. Négri, A. Contamine, 5 August 1962
GRADE: D, 70°, exposed to seracs at the
start and on the first two pitches
ASCENT: 350 m
ASPECT: north-east
SUPPORT BASES: Refuge des Cosmiques
CHARACTERISTICS: Icy face, some possible
mixed sections
On the summit of the Triangle
Contamine-Négri
On the north-east face alongside the seracs
Arête Nord du Tacul
Six l Aiguille du Midi – Les Trois Monts l Triangle du TaculRock&Ice l Mont Blanc classic & plaisir
Sentieri d’autore l Ferrate dell’Alto Garda
200
This was the first route to be opened on the
Triangle. It develops along the left side of the
mountain, weaving into the bottleneck be-
tween the rocks and the seracs. Some steep-
er sections at the start add a good variety of
moves. Rarely crowded.
GEAR
Two technical axes, ice screws, equipment for
glacier travel, one 60 m rope.
APPROACH
From the Aiguille du Midi descend to Col du
Midi. Cross the plateau, aiming directly for the
left side of the Triangle (40-45 minutes).
ROUTE
Cross the bergschrund and ascend vertically
along the uniform ice slope (50°) until the bot-
tleneck between the rocks of the Triangle du Ta-
cul and the hanging serac which rests on Pointe
Lachenal. A couple of steep pitches (up to 70°
and possible easy mixed moves) overcome the
bottleneck. Continue to the summit of the Trian-
gle along a vague gully between the rocks of the
Triangle on the right and the large slope of the
seracs on the left (50°-55° with short steeper
walls depending on the glacier conditions). 2 h
30 - 3 h.
DESCENT
From the summit of the Triangle follow the N
ridge (large cornices on the E side) until the
summit of Mont Blanc du Tacul. The final 60 m
on rock are shared with the normal route (1 - 1
h 30). Descend the normal route (route 040) to
Col du Midi.
In good conditions it is also possible, albeit less
interesting, to descend direct from the summit
of the Triangle: traverse, descending slightly,
along the steep NW slope of the Tacul (take
care: danger of falling seracs and avalanches)
towards the tracks of the normal route (see
route 040 route line). Do not descend too low
(seracs).
IDEAL CONDITIONS
The slope gets the sun very early in the morn-
ing. The route is not recommended in dry pe-
riods as it forms entirely of hard ice. Also see
the general conditions of the Triangle du Tacul
mentioned at the start of the chapter.
A stormy dawn at the exit of the Contamine-Negri route
André Contamine, (1919-1985), was an
Alpine Guide, Ski instructor and teacher of
the reknowned ENSA (École Nationale de
Ski et Alpinisme) in Chamonix.
His mountaineering exploits were
concentrated on the Mont Blanc range,
including some new routes which rapidly
became super classics.
In 1955, along with Marcel Bron and
Pierre Labrunie, he put up the Contamine-
Labrunie route on the smooth and
imposing west face of the Petites
Jorasses. In 1959, still with Labrunie
and R. Wohlschlag, he opened the
Contamine route on the east spur of
Pointe Lachenal, still very popular
today, on excellent protogine granite. The same year, he
also put up the small glacial route on the north face of Petite Aiguille
Verte (see route 012, “Other Options”). However, his main success
was the “Three Contamines” on the Triangle du Tacul, three small
mountaineering masterpieces of high-altitude mixed climbing, which
are repeated numerous times each year. The first route opened is the
relatively less repeated and perhaps also the most fascinating: the
Contamine-Négri. The Contamine-Mazeaud and Contamine-Grisolle
were to follow. The latter, for its relative safety and often favourable
conditions, is nowadays the most popular.
Other than these acheivements, Contamine was also the pioneer of
other less well-known and difficult routes, such as the Contamine route
on the Aiguilles du Diable, L’Isolee (with G. Epinoux, Y. Maillard, Y.
Morin, J.M. Parent and J. Raphoz, in 1968).
In 1969 he put up a final line on the Triangle du Tacul with C. Cassin,
A. Faure, R. Girod, J. Luc, J. Méchoud and G. Ménard, which
confronted the serac and the suspended glacier of the NE face of the
Triangle direct. This route, despite sharing the same ease of access
as the other three Contamine routes on the Triangle, for obvious
reasons is not climbed as frequently.
ANDRE CONTAMINE
Rock&Ice l Mont Blanc classic & plaisir
318
061
61
C o l d u G é a n t
319
The ridge of the Aiguilles Marbrées extends N to S on the eastern border of the plateau of Col du
Géant. Only slightly above the glacial plain, it is composd of rather loose rock. For this reason its
short walls are not climbed, whilst the edge of the arête is very popular as a traverse route due
to the lack of any difficult cliffs or monolithic gendarmes.
Route:
Traverse
AIGUILLES MARBRÉES 3535 m
The North Peak of the Aiguilles Marbrées in the foreground
FIRST ASCENT: unknown
GRADE: PD
ASCENT: approximately 200 m, longer
development
ASPECT: various. The main ridge faces N-S
SUPPORT BASES: Rifugio Torino
(possible in a day from Pointe Helbronner)
CHARACTERISTICS: ridge traverse, possible
gully variant
Avoiding the boulders at the start of the route
Traverse
From Col de Rochefort to Col du Géant
N Peak S Peak
notch
(abseil)
Nine l Pointe Helbronner - Col du Géant l Aiguilles MarbréesRock&Ice l Mont Blanc classic & plaisir
321320
b • From the SW gully
From autumn to spring with stable snow con-
ditions, the N Summit of the Aiguilles Marbrées
can be reached via the south-west gully. The
gully is visible from Col du Géant: if it is com-
pletely filled with snow, ascend it direct (45°)
to exit onto the main Aiguilles Marbrées ridge
just south of the S Summit. Move left along the
ridge and ascend to the summit as described
above. 1 h from the hut.
ROUTE
From the N Summit of Aiguilles Marbrées de-
scend S along the main ridge, retracing the final
part of the approach and continuing easily to
the snowy col at the top of the south-west gully.
Descend further along the blocks of the ridge
to a pronounced gendarme. Move around this
on snowy or scree ledges in summer (care re-
quired) on the east side. Regain the ridge and
move around the next gendarme easily on the
west side. Stay on the ridge and climb a lovely
rock section on the arête (I and II) which leads
to a notch just N of the S Summit. There is a
chain anchor here. Make a 30 m abseil, keeping
right (looking up) to reach the glacier at Col du
Géant. From here return quickly to Rifugio To-
rino. On the abseil, avoid descending vertically:
you run the risk of pulling down some of the
large rocks stacked below the notch. 1-1 h 30
from the N Summit to the glacier.
IDEAL CONDITIONS
The route via an approach from Col de Ro-
chefort is almost always tracked and generally
possible year round. The rock is delicate and
movement is safer with a good snow cover. In
summer and in dry conditions, stay on the edge
as much as possible, avoiding the loose rock of
the sides. Stable snow is required in winter.
The approach variant via the south-west gully is
only possible with good snow cover. When the
gully is not completely filled with snow or with
poor refreezing conditions and high tempera-
tures, it becomes dangerous due to rockfall.
A short distance away from Pointe Helbronner,
the small but sharp ridge of the Aiguilles Mar-
brées is an interesting playground for a half
day excursion and for practicing alpine tech-
niques. The classic line of the traverse begins
from Col de Rochefort and follows the ENE side
of the North Summit of the Aiguilles Marbrées.
From the summit the real traverse begins, de-
veloping along the main ridge of the Aiguilles
facing N-S. The traverse usually ends at a col
just north of the South Summit.
GEAR
Equipment for glacier travel, some slings and
quickdraws for protection on spikes, a rack
of small and medium cams, one 60 m single
rope.
APPROACH
a • From Col de Rochefort via the E ridge of
the N Summit
From Pointe Helbronner or Rifugio Torino cross
the plateau of Col du Géant north-east, passing
the west-northern arête of the N Summit of the
Aiguilles Marbrées, then turn right (SE) to reach
Col de Rochefort. Follow the E ridge of the Ai-
guilles Marbrées N Summit. When there is snow
on the ridge, all of the difficult sections can be
avoided on the left; otherwise it is better to stay
on the edge of the ridge with short sections of
climbing on blocks (II). Continue beyond a small
rise culminating in a characteristic rock flake and
descend slightly to the next col. Climb to reach
the main ridge of the Aiguilles Marbrées, facing
N-S. Move right (N), go east around a gendarme
and ascend to the N Summit via a short slab on
the E side (II). 1 h 30-2 h from the hut.
Climbing on the ridge
The short slab leading to the N Summit
Nine l Pointe Helbronner - Col du Géant l Aiguilles MarbréesRock&Ice l Mont Blanc classic & plaisir

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Mont Blanc classic & plaisir - Ed. 2

  • 1. rock&ice 4 ideaMontagna editoria e alpinismo Mont Blanc classic & plaisir SECOND EDITION
  • 2. rock&ice ideaMontagna editoria e alpinismo Mont Blanc classic & plaisir Translation: Lynne Hempton
  • 3. Opening a book about Mont Blanc is always a moving experience for me, a mountain which I’ve dreamed of so much and which has given me so many dreams in return. First of all, I remember the moment when I discovered these mountains, at fourteen years old, thanks to Gaston Rebuffat’s beautifully entitled book, “Mont Blanc, jardin féérique”*. I am immensely grateful to Rébuffat, who through this book revealed to me a true high-altitude gem, something I’d only dreamed of, confusedly and ardently, having grown up in a flat region with no mountains. And then there are numerous memories of hours and hours spent there, in the heart of these mountains, which little by little have become engraved in my memory. As well as these, though, are the precious faces of so many companions, illuminated by the light and shade of the moun- tains. Faces alight with effort or enthusiasm, with fatigue or joy, with worry or relief, with wonder or confusion... Let this book, so clearly the product of a true lifetime passion, reveal to its readers those great places where dreams are made, along the main roads or secret corners of this inexhaustible “en- chanted garden”. Let it guide you in the realisation of those dreams, accomplished and wholly shared in that unique bond between climbers. Patrick Gabarrou * Mont Blanc, enchanted garden 5 PREFACE First edition: July 2012 Second edition: July 2015 ISBN: 978-88-97299-63-9 Idea Montagna Editoria e Alpinismo Via Guido Rossa, 17 - 35016 Piazzola sul Brenta - Padua - Italy Tel. 049 9601797 - Fax 049 8840000 info@ideamontagna.it - www.ideamontagna.it General Coordination: Francesco Cappellari Graphic Design: Rossella Benetollo Layout, Images, Maps Irene Cappellari Illustrations, Maps, Route Lines and Text: Marco Romelli Translation: Lynne Hempton Printed by: Litocenter Srl for Idea Montagna Editoria e Alpinismo Cover Photo: Climbers on the gendarme of La Table to the Aiguille du Tour Page 2: Dawn over the Grandes Jorasses viewed from the Aiguille de Leschaux All rights reserved. Any reproduction of the text, images and photographs, even partial, is strictly forbidden. Warning: This guide has been complied with the greatest possible care; however there is no guarantee against the possibility of errors or omissions. The use of the information in this guide is at the user’s own risk. The author and the editor accept no responsibility for any incidents or other consequences. PHOTOGRAPHY All of the photographs used for the photo topos were taken by the author, apart from the photos on page 301 (A. Chanoine) and 317 (A. Conz). Where not otherwise specified in the caption, all other photographs were taken by the author.
  • 4. l Introduction 7 Around 300 million years ago, a large granite intrusion formed the base structure of today’s Mont Blanc massif. The alpine orogeny, still active today, has gradually raised this granite centre which, shaped by atmospheric agents and cracked by tectonic movements, is now visible today. Granite is an intrusive igneous rock, originating from the slow consolidation of magma below the earth’s crust. The term “igneous” is derived from “ignis” – the latin word for fire. In this sense, Mont Blanc was born from fire: not difficult to imagine when you observe the red shades of its gendarmes. A similarity is found in the topography: the rocky divide which descends to the Mer de Glace from the Aiguille du Dru, for example, is called “Flammes de Pierre”, “Flames of Stone”. As well as the rock, ice is another fundamental material which has determined the majestic and varied architecture of the massif. The glaciers have sculpted rock faces and excavated the valleys which we ski down or walk up to access routes today. That the summit of Mont Blanc reaches and goes beyond 4800 metres is only thanks to the thick ice cap which covers its rocky base. The altitude and the climatic situation have preserved remarkable glacial masses which, despite their general and unstoppable recession, can still be admired in all their glory today. But even if formation and colour alone were enough to distinguish Mont Blanc along the alpine chain, it is its history which makes it unique amongst the world’s mountains. Mountaineering was born on Mont Blanc and it is here it took the first steps of its evolution. In the last two centuries, footprints on the snows of its glaciers have multiplied, from the first shaky steps of hobnailed bo- ots to the precise tracks of modern technical crampons. Generations of mountaineers have put themselves to the test on its walls, following pre-existing routes or welcoming the new challenges of which this massif is an inexhaustible source. Starting with the inital scientific and naturalistic aims, the motivations which have attracted visitors to Mont Blanc have become adventurous and romantic, then more and more focused on sport. Unlike the modern tendancy to focus on hard mixed climbing only accessible to a select few, this book proposes a selection of routes of “medium” technical difficulty, thus achievable by anyone with adequate preparation. Along these routes, sporting performance comes second to the com- plete experience, without forfeiting the elegance of the lines and the harmony of movements they create. In this way, following “plaisir” climbs such as the historical routes created by the pioneers, we can immerse ourselves completely in Mont Blanc’s unique atmosphere without the anxieties of performance or risk detracting from the feeling of beauty of this enchanted world to which we have been granted access. Marco Romelli INTRODUCTION Left: The snowy cap of the Aiguille Verte overlooking Col du Passon and the Glacier du Tour Next page: Spring on the Bosses Ridge
  • 5. l Index 9 INDEX • Preface 5 • Introduction 7 • Geographic Location 12 • Technical Information 14 ONE • ORNY - TRIENT 21 Gendarme d’Orny 25 001 • Papa Paye 26 Aiguille de la Cabane 30 002 • Voie du Bon Accueil 31 Aiguille d’Orny 35 003 • La Moquette 36 Aiguilles Dorées 41 004 • Couloir Copt 42 005 • South Ridge 46 Tête Blanche 52 006 • North Face 53 TWO • TOUR BASIN 55 Aiguille du Tour 60 007 • Normal Route 61 008 • Couloir de la Table 64 Aiguille du Chardonnet 67 009 • Forbes Arête 68 010 • Migot Spur 72 Tête Blanche and Petite Fourche 75 011 • Normal Routes 76 THREE • ARGENTIÈRE BASIN 79 Petite Aiguille Verte 85 012 • Normal Route 86 013 • Chevalier Couloir 88 Aiguille d’Argentière 90 014 • Normal Route 91 015 • Y Couloir 94 Aiguille du Refuge and Aiguille du Génépi 97 016 • Le Gâteau de Riz 98 017 • South Ridge 102 FOUR • MER DE GLACE 105 Lower Envers Slabs 110 018 • Pilier des Rhodo-Dindons 111 019 • Voie Georges 111 020 • Vingt Mille Lieues Sous la Neige 111 Aiguille du Moine 118 021 • South Side and South Ridge 119 022 • Normal Route 123 Aiguille Verte 125 023 • Normal Route 126 Les Courtes 132 024 • Normal Route and Traverse 133 Pointe Isabelle 138 025 • Normal Route 139 FIVE • AIGUILLES DE CHAMONIX 143 Aiguille de l’M 147 026 • North-North-East Ridge 148 Petits Charmoz 152 027 • Traverse 153 Lames Fontaine 158 028 • Voie Abert 159 Aiguille du Peigne 162 029 • Les Lépidoptères 163 030 • Arête des Papillons 167 031 • Éperon des Minettes 171 SIX • AIGUILLE DU MIDI LES TROIS MONTS 175 Aiguille du Midi 181 032 • Cosmiques Arête 182 033 • Voie Rébuffat Eperon des Cosmiques 185 Aiguille du Plan 190 034 • Midi-Plan Traverse 191 Pointe Lachenal 195 035 • Traverse 196 Triangle du Tacul 198 036 • Contamine-Négri 199
  • 6. 1110 037 • Contamine-Grisolle 202 038 • Contamine-Mazeaud 204 039 • Goulotte Chéré 206 Mont Blanc du Tacul 209 040 • Normal Route 210 Mont Maudit 213 041 • North-East Ridge 214 Mont Blanc 217 042 • Voie des Trois Monts 218 SEVEN • BOSSONS - BIONNASSAY VALLÉE DES CONTAMINES 221 Mont Blanc 229 043 • Voie Royale 230 044 • Normal Route via the Aiguille du Goûter and the Bosses Ridge 234 Aiguille de Bionnassay 238 045 • Traverse of the Ridges 239 Dômes de Miage 243 046 • Mettrier Ridge to Dôme Orientale 244 047 • Dômes de Miage Traverse 248 Aiguille Nord de Tré la Tête 252 048 • Normal Route via the NNW face 253 Aiguille de la Leé Blanche 255 049 • North-West Face 256 EIGHT • VAL VENY - SEIGNE 259 Aiguille des Glaciers 266 050 • Normal Route 267 Dôme de Neige des Glaciers 271 051 • Lanchettes Ridge 272 Pyramides Calcaires 275 052 • North-East Ridge 276 Petit Mont Blanc 280 053 • Normal Route 281 Aiguille Orientale de Tré la Tête 283 054 • East Ridge 284 Mont Blanc 287 055 • Aiguilles Grises Route 289 Aiguille du Châtelet 293 056 • Hydrotecnique 294 057 • Velociraptor 296 Aiguille Croux 298 058 • Via Cheney 299 NINE • POINTE HELBRONNER COL DU GÉANT 303 Dent du Géant 310 059 • Normal Route 312 Aiguille de Rochefort 315 060 • Normal Route via the Rochefort Ridge 316 Aiguilles Marbrées 318 061 • Traverse 319 Aiguille de Toule 322 062 • South-West slope 323 063 • North Face 326 Aiguille d’Entrèves 328 064 • Ridge traverse 329 Tour Ronde 332 065 • Normal Route 333 066 • North Face 336 067 • Gervasutti Couloir 339 Roi de Siam 344 068 • Le Lifting du Roi 345 Pyramide du Tacul 350 069 • East Ridge 351 TEN • VAL FERRET 357 Aiguille de Leschaux 363 070 • Normal Route 364 Parete dei Titani 368 071 • Génépi 1-2 369 Monts Rouges de Triolet 371 072 • Les Chamois Volants 372 073 • La Bérésina 378 Mont Dolent 381 074 • Normal Route 382 ELEVEN • AIGUILLES ROUGES 385 Le Brévent 389 075 • La Frison-Roche 390 Aiguille de Charlanon 394 076 • Arête du Doigt 395 Aiguille de l’Index 399 077 • South-East Ridge 400 Pointe Gaspard 404 078 • Gaspard Premier 405 Aiguilles Crochues 407 079 • Traverse 408 080 • South Ridge to the South Summit 411 ROUTES IN GRADE ORDER 414 • Mountaineering routes with some or limited in-situ gear 414 • Fully bolted sport climbs 415 • Ice routes 415 • High mountain and mixed routes 416 BIOGRAPHIES AND TALES The Remy brothers 34 Michel Piola 116 Edward Whymper 130 Gaston Rébuffat 188 André Contamine 201 First ascent of Mont Blanc 237 Giusto Gervasutti 342 Arturo Ottoz 354 Patrick Gabarrou and Manlio Motto 376 l IndexRock&Ice l Mont Blanc classic & plaisir Passion, experience and quality Climbing, Mountaineering, Freeride and Canyoning Tel: +39 3335742382 Website: www.albertomountainguide.it Alberto Boschiazzo Alpine Guide
  • 7. 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Le Brévent 2525 m Aiguille Verte 4122 m Aiguille du Midi 3842 m Aiguille du Plan 3673 m Mt. Maudit 4465 m Mt. Blanc 4810 m Aig. de Bionnassay 4052 m Aig. des Glaciers 3816 m Aig. de Tré la Tête 3930 m Dent du Géant 4013 m Plan de l’Aiguille Bellevue V a l F e r r e t V a l V e n y Montenvers Nid d’Aigle Dôme sd e Miage Les Grandes Jorasses 4208 m Col de la Seigne Col du Petit Ferret Col du Grand Ferret Col des Montets Mont Dolent 3823 mLes Courtes 3856 m Aig. d’Argentière 3902 m Aig. du Chardonnet 3824 m Aig. du Tour 3544 m Tête de Licony 2929 m Grande Rochère 3320 m Berrio Blanc 3252 m Pointe Noire de Pormenaz 2323 m Désert de Platé La Breya Mont Tondu 3196 m Mer d e Glace Glac. de Talèfre Glac. du Géant Glac. de la Brenva G l acier du M i a g e Glac. de TrélaTête GlacierdesBossons Lac Combal Glac. du Tour Plateau du Trient Gla c.d’Argen tière Aig. du Belvédère 2965 m AiguillesRouges Chamonix Courmayeur Entrèves Les Houches Servoz Le Fayet Les Praz St. Gervais Les Contamines Montjoie La Gruvaz Argentière Le Tour MARTIGNY SALLANCHES CLUSES 1312 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION The Mont Blanc range extends for more than 30 km in the north-western part of the Alpine Arc in the Graian Alps. The main ridge runs SW-NE and marks the border between France and Italy and, further north, between France and Swit- zerland. The basin of the Glacier des Glaciers in the French department of Savoie forms the range’s southern limit. From south-west to nor- th-east, the Tré la Tête massif and the central Mont Blanc massif to the Pré de Bar basin stand between the Italian Valle d’Aosta and the Fren- ch Upper Savoie. The three countries of Fran- ce, Italy and Switzerland meet on the summit of Mont Dolent. From here to the Trient area, the ridge faces more decisively north and forms the border between the Upper Savoie and the Swiss canton of Valais. The Mont Blanc Tunnel (opened in 1965) extends for 11 km and con- nects France and Italy, whilst Col des Montets to the north of Chamonix gives access to the Swiss border. Road access to the far south and north-east areas of the range is less direct, given that the main passes, Col de la Seigne and the Grand and Petit Ferret passes are not accessible to road traffic. AOSTA MILAN TURIN l Geographic locationRock&Ice l Mont Blanc classic & plaisir
  • 8. 198 036 36 37 38 39 Triangle du Tacul 199 A triangular rocky buttress around 400 m high which characterises the north face of Mont Blanc du Tacul. On this formation, veined with gullies and icefalls, there are numerous routes which share an easy approach and technical climbing. Some lines, both characteristic and enjoyable, have now become ultra classics. The logical conclusion to a route on the Triangle is to gain the summit of Tacul via its superb north ridge, but impatient climbers can take advantage of a short cut which leads from the sum- mit of the Triangle to the normal route. General conditions: All of the routes are potentially climbable from spring to late autumn, depending on the condition of the descent route which is very delicate at any time of year after recent snowfall (see route 040). Thanks to the possibility of an abseil descent, Goulotte Chéré can be climbed year- round. The predominantly glacial nature of the rest of the routes makes them dangerous in very warm or dry periods (rockfall). In general the best conditions are found with a good snow cover and good refreezing conditions. Any further condition specifics are mentioned in the descriptions of each route. Routes: Contamine-Négri Contamine-Grisolle Contamine-Mazeaud Goulotte Chéré TRIANGLE DU TACUL 3970 m Ski approach to Triangle du Tacul FIRST ASCENT: P. Labrunie, J. Martin, M. Négri, A. Contamine, 5 August 1962 GRADE: D, 70°, exposed to seracs at the start and on the first two pitches ASCENT: 350 m ASPECT: north-east SUPPORT BASES: Refuge des Cosmiques CHARACTERISTICS: Icy face, some possible mixed sections On the summit of the Triangle Contamine-Négri On the north-east face alongside the seracs Arête Nord du Tacul Six l Aiguille du Midi – Les Trois Monts l Triangle du TaculRock&Ice l Mont Blanc classic & plaisir
  • 9. Sentieri d’autore l Ferrate dell’Alto Garda 200 This was the first route to be opened on the Triangle. It develops along the left side of the mountain, weaving into the bottleneck be- tween the rocks and the seracs. Some steep- er sections at the start add a good variety of moves. Rarely crowded. GEAR Two technical axes, ice screws, equipment for glacier travel, one 60 m rope. APPROACH From the Aiguille du Midi descend to Col du Midi. Cross the plateau, aiming directly for the left side of the Triangle (40-45 minutes). ROUTE Cross the bergschrund and ascend vertically along the uniform ice slope (50°) until the bot- tleneck between the rocks of the Triangle du Ta- cul and the hanging serac which rests on Pointe Lachenal. A couple of steep pitches (up to 70° and possible easy mixed moves) overcome the bottleneck. Continue to the summit of the Trian- gle along a vague gully between the rocks of the Triangle on the right and the large slope of the seracs on the left (50°-55° with short steeper walls depending on the glacier conditions). 2 h 30 - 3 h. DESCENT From the summit of the Triangle follow the N ridge (large cornices on the E side) until the summit of Mont Blanc du Tacul. The final 60 m on rock are shared with the normal route (1 - 1 h 30). Descend the normal route (route 040) to Col du Midi. In good conditions it is also possible, albeit less interesting, to descend direct from the summit of the Triangle: traverse, descending slightly, along the steep NW slope of the Tacul (take care: danger of falling seracs and avalanches) towards the tracks of the normal route (see route 040 route line). Do not descend too low (seracs). IDEAL CONDITIONS The slope gets the sun very early in the morn- ing. The route is not recommended in dry pe- riods as it forms entirely of hard ice. Also see the general conditions of the Triangle du Tacul mentioned at the start of the chapter. A stormy dawn at the exit of the Contamine-Negri route André Contamine, (1919-1985), was an Alpine Guide, Ski instructor and teacher of the reknowned ENSA (École Nationale de Ski et Alpinisme) in Chamonix. His mountaineering exploits were concentrated on the Mont Blanc range, including some new routes which rapidly became super classics. In 1955, along with Marcel Bron and Pierre Labrunie, he put up the Contamine- Labrunie route on the smooth and imposing west face of the Petites Jorasses. In 1959, still with Labrunie and R. Wohlschlag, he opened the Contamine route on the east spur of Pointe Lachenal, still very popular today, on excellent protogine granite. The same year, he also put up the small glacial route on the north face of Petite Aiguille Verte (see route 012, “Other Options”). However, his main success was the “Three Contamines” on the Triangle du Tacul, three small mountaineering masterpieces of high-altitude mixed climbing, which are repeated numerous times each year. The first route opened is the relatively less repeated and perhaps also the most fascinating: the Contamine-Négri. The Contamine-Mazeaud and Contamine-Grisolle were to follow. The latter, for its relative safety and often favourable conditions, is nowadays the most popular. Other than these acheivements, Contamine was also the pioneer of other less well-known and difficult routes, such as the Contamine route on the Aiguilles du Diable, L’Isolee (with G. Epinoux, Y. Maillard, Y. Morin, J.M. Parent and J. Raphoz, in 1968). In 1969 he put up a final line on the Triangle du Tacul with C. Cassin, A. Faure, R. Girod, J. Luc, J. Méchoud and G. Ménard, which confronted the serac and the suspended glacier of the NE face of the Triangle direct. This route, despite sharing the same ease of access as the other three Contamine routes on the Triangle, for obvious reasons is not climbed as frequently. ANDRE CONTAMINE Rock&Ice l Mont Blanc classic & plaisir
  • 10. 318 061 61 C o l d u G é a n t 319 The ridge of the Aiguilles Marbrées extends N to S on the eastern border of the plateau of Col du Géant. Only slightly above the glacial plain, it is composd of rather loose rock. For this reason its short walls are not climbed, whilst the edge of the arête is very popular as a traverse route due to the lack of any difficult cliffs or monolithic gendarmes. Route: Traverse AIGUILLES MARBRÉES 3535 m The North Peak of the Aiguilles Marbrées in the foreground FIRST ASCENT: unknown GRADE: PD ASCENT: approximately 200 m, longer development ASPECT: various. The main ridge faces N-S SUPPORT BASES: Rifugio Torino (possible in a day from Pointe Helbronner) CHARACTERISTICS: ridge traverse, possible gully variant Avoiding the boulders at the start of the route Traverse From Col de Rochefort to Col du Géant N Peak S Peak notch (abseil) Nine l Pointe Helbronner - Col du Géant l Aiguilles MarbréesRock&Ice l Mont Blanc classic & plaisir
  • 11. 321320 b • From the SW gully From autumn to spring with stable snow con- ditions, the N Summit of the Aiguilles Marbrées can be reached via the south-west gully. The gully is visible from Col du Géant: if it is com- pletely filled with snow, ascend it direct (45°) to exit onto the main Aiguilles Marbrées ridge just south of the S Summit. Move left along the ridge and ascend to the summit as described above. 1 h from the hut. ROUTE From the N Summit of Aiguilles Marbrées de- scend S along the main ridge, retracing the final part of the approach and continuing easily to the snowy col at the top of the south-west gully. Descend further along the blocks of the ridge to a pronounced gendarme. Move around this on snowy or scree ledges in summer (care re- quired) on the east side. Regain the ridge and move around the next gendarme easily on the west side. Stay on the ridge and climb a lovely rock section on the arête (I and II) which leads to a notch just N of the S Summit. There is a chain anchor here. Make a 30 m abseil, keeping right (looking up) to reach the glacier at Col du Géant. From here return quickly to Rifugio To- rino. On the abseil, avoid descending vertically: you run the risk of pulling down some of the large rocks stacked below the notch. 1-1 h 30 from the N Summit to the glacier. IDEAL CONDITIONS The route via an approach from Col de Ro- chefort is almost always tracked and generally possible year round. The rock is delicate and movement is safer with a good snow cover. In summer and in dry conditions, stay on the edge as much as possible, avoiding the loose rock of the sides. Stable snow is required in winter. The approach variant via the south-west gully is only possible with good snow cover. When the gully is not completely filled with snow or with poor refreezing conditions and high tempera- tures, it becomes dangerous due to rockfall. A short distance away from Pointe Helbronner, the small but sharp ridge of the Aiguilles Mar- brées is an interesting playground for a half day excursion and for practicing alpine tech- niques. The classic line of the traverse begins from Col de Rochefort and follows the ENE side of the North Summit of the Aiguilles Marbrées. From the summit the real traverse begins, de- veloping along the main ridge of the Aiguilles facing N-S. The traverse usually ends at a col just north of the South Summit. GEAR Equipment for glacier travel, some slings and quickdraws for protection on spikes, a rack of small and medium cams, one 60 m single rope. APPROACH a • From Col de Rochefort via the E ridge of the N Summit From Pointe Helbronner or Rifugio Torino cross the plateau of Col du Géant north-east, passing the west-northern arête of the N Summit of the Aiguilles Marbrées, then turn right (SE) to reach Col de Rochefort. Follow the E ridge of the Ai- guilles Marbrées N Summit. When there is snow on the ridge, all of the difficult sections can be avoided on the left; otherwise it is better to stay on the edge of the ridge with short sections of climbing on blocks (II). Continue beyond a small rise culminating in a characteristic rock flake and descend slightly to the next col. Climb to reach the main ridge of the Aiguilles Marbrées, facing N-S. Move right (N), go east around a gendarme and ascend to the N Summit via a short slab on the E side (II). 1 h 30-2 h from the hut. Climbing on the ridge The short slab leading to the N Summit Nine l Pointe Helbronner - Col du Géant l Aiguilles MarbréesRock&Ice l Mont Blanc classic & plaisir