1. Submitted to: Submitted By:-
Shalin Parikh
Hitarth Trivedi
Aakash Chokshi
Dhruv Khambhatta
Jainam Shah
Ensuring world class civic amenities in urban India
Urban India: Problem or opportunity ?
1
Structure:
Need / problem in India
Current scenario and analysis
Proposal
Implementation model
Resources
Impact
Monitoring mechanism
Challenges and mitigation measures
References

2. Population (million) No. Of
Cities
> 0.1 but < 0.25 295
> 0.25 but < 0.5 91
> 0.5 but < 1 45
>1 45
Total 496
• JnNURM covers only 63 cities with population greater than 1 million. But still large
section of population lives in smaller cities.
• India will add another 220 million to its urban population between 2010 and 2030.
(source: United Nations)
So are our metro cities capable to handle migration
happening due to huge increase in urban population?
Source – Census 2011
2
• Majority of people in rural India after independence and Change in scenario over past 6
decades.
Need/Problem in India
• Due to liberalisation policy 1991, 31% population
lives in Urban area of India and expected increase is
40% by 2030.
• Before liberalisation, focus was mainly
concentrated on rural areas.
• Urban area got attention by introduction of
national policy JnNURM.

3. Current trend: Building of new cities
• Proposal of 7 new smart cities along Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor.
• Need to start from scratch; activities like land acquisition, procurement of highly
skilled man power for planning & construction, bringing investments, etc. may lead to
problems and induce higher costs.
• Planned cities would attract majorly skilled man power and very less unskilled
manpower.
• Expected migration will not happen.
Will building new cities reduce burden of existing cities?
• Why can’t we develop 386 small cities with 0.1-0.5 million
population with proper infrastructure which would attract investments and generate
employment to large section of population.
Opportunity to consider it as a fresh clay and mould it according to the
need of local economy and citizen’s lifestyle.
3
Need/Problem in India

4. 4
Proposal
Clear vision
with detailed
development
plan
Preparation of development plan should be made mandatory by state level
authorities.
Long term vision & planning for socio-economic & infrastructure
development for the city.
Accountable
Governance
System
Empowerment of Urban local bodies and should be given accountability for
planning & building of infrastructure and attract private investments.
Local authorities should provide zones for affordable housing,
institutional areas, informal markets, etc.
Town planning act should be made mandatory for all state to minimize
resistance towards land acquisition.
Authority should organize annual festival to promote pride & motivate
people for community building.
Integrated
Transport
Majority from 386 cities are district headquarters having additional benefit
of excellent connectivity through rail and highways.
Small cities; majority trips- short and dependency on NMT which can be
encouraged and reduce consequences on health and environment.
Promotion of Transit oriented congested development with vertical growth
along transit corridors.

5. 5
Proposal
Lack of basic
civic amenities
Major problem: Funding and Inadequate revenue
Responsibility of providing amenities should be shared by private
developers also.
E.g. water supply to city is developed on PPP on DBOT model;
administrative leakages can be eliminated, wastage of water will be
reduced, rain harvesting would increase and thus valuable resources
would be used judiciously.
Similarly solar power generation, solid waste management, primary
health & education should be promoted on PPP model. Thus lucrative
schemes for private investment should be made by each city under the
act.
Skilled
manpower to
attract industries
If proper governance and presence of civic amenities is added by skilled
manpower, no one can stop the cash-flow and overall development of the
city.
Special urban engineering institute should be formed to integrate youth
with real problems of cities.
Today, we lack any such policy to cover specific cities with population range of 0.1-0.5
million and target to make them self-sufficient with overall development.

6. Methodology
Objectives
Strategies
Priorities
6
Analyzing existing City Conditions
SWOT Analysis
Social Impact Analysis
Environmental Impact Analysis
Implementation Model
Referring Master Plans
To plan in line with district/state vision
Defining Vision
Future expected changes
Preparation City Level Investment Plan
Parameters
Social
Demography
Infrastructure
Economy Base
Financial
Environment
Institutions
Sectors
•Social
•Infrastructure
•Basic amenities
•Urban renewal
•Urban Transport

7. • Building infrastructure will create large scale of employment. Unskilled employments
should be filled with urban poor. Also large no. of skilled manpower needs to monitor
city development, develop service sector and attract industries. Youth should be
engaged in problem finding & solving.
Financial Resources
Conditions
Without empowerment of ULBs
(initial stage)
After ULBs Empowerment
Central
Share
State
Share
Implementation
Agency
Central
Share
State
Share
Implementation
Agency
Population >0.1 but <0.25
million
70% 20% 10% 50% 20% 30%
Population >0.25 but <0.5
million
60% 20% 20% 40% 25% 35%
Cities with tree cover >35%
and pollution under control
75% 25% 0% 55% 20% 20%
Human Resources
• Funding according to environmental conditions would increase awareness.
• E-governance and roof-top solar /wind power plant should encouraged to cut costs.
• Scope of PPP projects should be increased.
• Other means to increase financial resources should be work out with local conditions.
7
Resources (Technical and Human resources)

8. Scope
The policy covers total 386 cities with
population in range of 1 to 5 lakhs.
Also, other smaller towns of tourism
or religious importance can be
incorporated.
Impact
• Cities will work with vision & local authorities would be responsible & accountable
for infrastructural development, investment attraction & environment.
• Infrastructural facilities would improve. Thus it would create competition among
smaller cities to compete for new investments.
• Employment would increase, thus increase in per capita income and thus standard
of living would increase.
• Migration would be reduced.
• With developing proper recreational spaces, tourism potential and city livability
index can be considerably increased.
8
Impact
Sustainability
• Initially, 1.5 years for analyzing &
preparing City Development Plan and
3.5 years for implementing .
• Planning should be done in phases
• The plan shall be financially as well as
environmentally sustainable

9. Monitoring Mechanism
Central
Govt.
State Govt.
City
1
City
2
City
3
Coordinating Body
Coordinating
Body
Advisory
Body
Entity

10. • Local authorities: release and submit their quarterly performance report to special
entity and also to central and state level.
•
• A special entity under Department of Urban Development of central & state should be
formed to approve plans and provide technical & financial helps for projects.
• Inspection or Supervision of under going projects and performance should be carried
out by higher authorities.
• Special firms or NGOs should be roped in to monitor and submit report to special cells.
• Work audit at project level, city level, state level and national level should be carried
out.
• Regular interactive meetings with citizens should be carried out and problems and
solutions pertaining should be discussed.
Monitoring Mechanism

11. Parameters Challenges Solution
Social Increment in taxes
Need to pay more no. of
private bills
Tax Increment & PPP mode projects should
be increased in phase manner.
Economical High investment with
minimal returns
Long term & indirect benefits for govt.
would be more.
Also local govt. should ensure over coming
operation & maintenance costs.
Political Increasing taxes would
increase political pressure,
misuse of financial
resources
Tax increment would be in phases. To
minimize misuse of financial resources e-
governance should be fully promoted with
incentives or other means.
Also direct cash transfer would reduce
leakages.
11
Challenges & Mitigation Factors

12. Parameters Challenges Solution
Legal large scale violation of
GDCR norms results in
haphazard construction
Strict implementation of GDCR norms by
implementation agency.
Technical Smaller cities lacks
technical support
They should be equipped with engineering,
town planning & construction regulation
wing. For further assistance NGOs or
special cells should be approached.
Environmental In long term
industrialization increases
environmental challenges
Carbon credits trading & additional social
and environmental responsibilities should
be imposed on industries.
12
Challenges & Mitigation Factors

13. Full forms
• JnNURM – Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
• BSUP – Basic Services to Urban Poor
• NMT – Non-Motorized Transport
• PPP – Public Private Partnership
• DBOT – Design Built Operate & Transfer
• SWOT – Strength Weakness Opportunities Threat
• NGO – Non-Governmental Organization
• SWM – Solid Waste Management
• GDCR – General Development & Control Regulations
References
• http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-
results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pd
f
• http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-
results/paper2/data_files/india/Rural_Urban_2011.pdf
• http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/JNNURM-ToolKit.pdf
• http://www.newgeography.com/content/002537-urbanizing-india-the-2011-
census-shows-slowing-growth
• http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/urbanization/urban_awakening_in_india
13
Miscellaneous

14. 14
Thank You