1. Aspek Sosial Ekonomi pada preservasi dan pemeliharaan aset Nigel Rockliffe ArifWismadi

2. Tujuan Suatu proyek percontohan untuk ‘pengembangan dan pemeliharaan suatu kebijakan uji coba yang komprehensif dan [PPB] prosedur dan perangkat ... dan untuk menyediakan dan mengkoordinasikan dukungan dalam pelatihan dan penyebarluasan semua kegiatan. " Suatu strategi 'sosialisasi' untuk mempromosikan penerapan sikap budaya dan norma mengenai pentingnya pemeliharaan jalan. Mendukung sosialisasi manfaat pemeliharaan dan preservasi jalan, berdasarkan implikasi biaya siklus umur rencana jalan ... .. untuk mendukung tujuan pembangunan nasional dan regional

3. Part 1 Roads in service

4. Roads in service The Goldilocks principle

5. Hailan Haiwe, PNG 0 – Minimum 1 – High repairs 2 – Scheduled seal + high 3 – KRGMP pre-emptive 4 – KRGMP pre-emptive + shape 5 – Min + structural overlay

6. Treatment options 1 Minimum repairs 2 Intermediate repairs 3 High repairs 4 Pre-emptive repairs 5 Pre-emptive and periodic 6 Pre-emptive and full menu 7 Business as usual (national) 8 Business as usual (provincial) 9 Pre-emptive and modified full menu

7. Comparing treatment options • Undertaking major works saves money in the long run. • Optimal option is ‘Full-pre-emptive’.

9. Maximise allocative efficiency by...

10. trading off RUCs and RACs to minimise total transport cost.

11. This is the optimal level of service. Where we are now Technical efficiency TTC RAC Allocative efficiency Where we want to be RUC Level of service Better ride quality

12. Roads in service A stitch in time saves nine

14. Even when it’s win-lose, it’s beneficial overall. So road users can pay for it and still be ahead.

16. Good routine maintenance can delay their onset. Age of pavement

18. vehicle operating cost

19. travel time

20. discomfort.

21. Good routine maintenance keeps pavements smoother longer. Age of pavement

23. If either is late, RUC and RAC are higher than they need be.

24. Prompt routine maintenance extends road life and requires less frequent periodic maintenance . Routine Periodic  Routine  Periodic  Age of pavement

25. Jalan dalam pelayanan Ambillah Pesan Goldilocks menunjukkan bahwa melaksanakan ‘major works’ akan menyelamatkan uang dalam jangka lama ke depan. Pemeliharaan yang tepat dancepat adalah ‘win-win’ : tindakan ini dapat mengurangi biaya pengguna jalan maupun yang harus dipikul oleh pemerintah.

26. Part 2 Roads in crisis

27. Roads in crisis A little goes a long way

28. The demand for trips • Demand for Puskesmas trips is relatively inelastic (–0.5), typical of a ‘necessary’ good like healthcare. • ‘Discretionary’ trips, such as VFR, are expected to be far more price-elastic. • Demand is relatively inelastic (– 0.46), typical of a ‘necessary’ good like healthcare. • ‘Discretionary’ trips, such as VFR, are expected to be far more price-elastic. ↙ Distance is a proxy for price. ↙ Distance is a proxy for price. Exponent is ‘price elasticity of demand’ and measures responsiveness of travel to changes in price. ↓ Exponent is ‘price elasticity of demand’ and measures responsiveness of travel to changes in price. ↓ Source: Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS)

29. Benefit Outcomes Income • Poverty rate • Surat k. miskin Health • Morbidity • Mortality • Life expectancy Social benefit Education • Attendance • Attainment Other Inputs, outputs, outcomes and benefit Outputs Inputs Road condition Demand curve ‘Consumption’ of trips ‘Price’ of trip Distance to destination

30. The social benefit of trips Price No motorable access Partial access Full access Trips per person

31. A little maintenance goes a long way Total benefit Benefit Partial access (99% of time) Partial access (95% of time) Full access No motorable access Marginal benefit Cost

32. Roads in crisis Roads are good for people

34. Causality is not one-way: the poor may lack good roads for other reasons. Source: Potensi Desa (Podes)

35. ... and to poor health ← Sealed roads are associated with greatly reduced mortality. But is this because they are nearer to medical facilities (Puskesmas)?-> Source: Potensi Desa (Podes)

36. Jalan dalam krisis PESAN UNTUK DIBAWAH PULANG Suatu pemeliharaan jalan lebih ilaksanakan secara menyeluruh dan terpadu dari pada dilaksanakan secara sepotong-sepotong. Penetapan kebutuhan perjalanan adalah hal yang penting yang dapat mempermudah perhitungan manfaat sosial, yang akan mengarah pada perhitungan kebutuhan sumber daya. Ada hubungan antara kondisi jalan dengan kesejahteraan masyarakat

37. Thank you