Smart Grid Challenges in the Real ICT World

Fungerer Smart Grid i
Virkelighedens IKT Verden?
Kim Guldstrand Larsen
René Rydhof Hansen
Institut for Datalogi, Aalborg Universitet

Future Green Technology
Japansk-Dansk Workshop, 2012
Lasse Clausen, KGL, Kristian Stubkjær, Jakob Østergaard,
Claus Felby, Peter Hauge Madsen, John Dalsgaard
Fungerer Smart i Virklighedens IKT Verden ? Kim Larsen [3]

Future Green Technology
Japansk-Dansk Workshop, 2012
Lasse Clausen, KGL, Kristian Stubkjær, Jakob Østergaard,
Claus Felby, Peter Hauge Madsen, John Dalsgaard

Plan
 Hvem er CISS og InfinIT?
 Smart Grid – Definition og Udfordringer
 Korrekthed, Robusthed, Optimalitet og
Flexibilitet (Kim)
 Sikkerhed (René)
 Samarbejde med CISS / InfinIT
 Debat og Spørgsmål

CISS –
Center For Embedded Software Systems
Regional ICT Center (2002- )
 3 research groups
 Computer Science
 Control Theory
 Hardware
 Wireless Communication
 20 Employed
 25 Associated
 20 PhD Students
 50 Industrial projects
 10 Elite-students
 100+ MDKK
 ARTIST Design
 ARTEMIS
Characteristica:
 Dedicated function
 Complex environment
 SW/HW/Mechanics
 Networked
 Autonomous
 Ressource constrained
: Energy
: Bandwidth
: Memory
: …
 Timing constraints

UPPAAL Model Checker
Editor
Simulator
Verifier
Performance
Analyses
Discrete Control
Concurrency
Continuous Aspects
Stochasticity
Timing Constraints
Resources

Elsystemet i DK under
forandring

Vindenergi udfordring
Intelligent balancering af forbrug og produktion

Bornholm
Et fuld-skala lab med 30% vindkraft

Teaser

Smart Grid – Definition.
A smart grid is a
modernized electrical
grid that uses
information and
communications
technology to gather
and act on information,
such as information
about the behaviors of
suppliers and
consumers, in an
automated fashion to
improve the efficiency,
reliability, economics,
and sustainability of the
production and
distribution of electricity

Smart Grid
Forskningsområder

Smart Grid
Forskningsområder
Korrekt
Optimal
RobustSikker
Flexibel

Northeast Blackout 2003
 Northeastern and Midwestern
United States and the
Canadian province of Ontario
 45 mill (USA), 10 mill (Can)
 Operators unaware of need
for re-destributing power
after overloaded
transmission lines hit
unpruned foliage.
 Cause: Software Bug in the
Alarm System = a so-called
race condition.

Races
int x=100;
Process INC
do
:: x<200 --> x:=x+1
od
Process DEC
do
:: x>0 --> x:=x-1
od
Process RESET
do
:: x=200 --> x:=0
od
( INC || DEC || RESET )
Q:
Hvilke værdier kan
variable x opnå ?

Flere Race-Bugs
Kontrol for ICE tog
1421 komponenter
10476 tilstande / 271 sec/ 11Mb
Klaus Havelund, JPL
T1 T3 T5 T1 … T4 T3
Deep Space 1

Smart Grid
Forskningsområder
Korrekt
Optimal
RobustSikker
Flexibel

The Energy Aware House

The Energy Planner

Energy Aware Buildings
Danish National Defense Building Administration
Pilot – Sjælland’s Odde

Models
User Weather

Analysis
Temp
Heaters

Smart Grid
Forskningsområder
Korrekt
Optimal
RobustSikker
Flexibel

Demand-Response
Produktion
Ufleksibelt forbrug
Fleksibelt forbrug

Demand Response

From Network Protocols to
Power Grids
 Renewable Energies are
on the rise
 Photovoltaic generators
on roof tops
 Good Strategies are
needed for photovoltaic
microgenerators
Hundreds of thousands
Geographically distributed
Distributed
Selfstabilising
SimpleFair
Central

Control Strategies
Current Strategies (G)
 75% non-measured,
cannot be remotely
controlled
 EN 50438:2007, in
force since 2007
 Switch off when
frequency > 50.2 Hz
 VDE-AR-N4105,
required today:
 Output linear function
of frequency in
[50.2,51.5]Hz
 Emergency switch-off
above 51.5 Hz
 Switch on again when
<50.05 for 1 minute
Invent new controllers
 Be inspired by computer networks
 Power Grid / Network
 Up limit on generation /
limit on bandwidth
 All generators contribute /
bandwidth is shared
 Can measure frequency /
detect loss + collision
 Fair distr. of capacity /
fair distr. of bandwidth
Let us try solutions from
Ethernet, TCP
 AIMD: Add Increase, Mult decr
 Exponential Backoff
 Freq dep probabilistic switching
 Combinations

Results
on-off
linear
AIMD
Exp Backoff
Freq prob switching
Results
Freq prob switching w
binary exponential backoff

Smart Grid
Forskningsområder
Korrekt
Optimal
RobustSikker
Flexibel

Smart Buildings

Home Port
ARCHITECTURE
HOMEPORT
 Important diversity of Home
Automation networks and protocols
 No common interface to access and
control devices
 HomePort provide a common
interface to heterogeneous
networked devices
TECHNOLOGIES
 Based on well known standards:
 RESTful architecture for scalable and
easy interfacing
 TLS 1.0 for secured connections
 ZeroConf for LaN service discovery
 Implemented in C to fit resource
constrained systems
 Targets Linux based systems
 Log system for local and remote
monitoring
 Part of several projects
(e.g. ENCOURAGE)

Home Port Project Facts
(www.energybox.dk)
 Period: 2009 – 2011
 Budget: 10.6 mill.kr.
 Funding: 8 mill. kr. (2.6 mill. kr. for companies)
 Knowledge institution partners: AAU (CISS), AU/Alexandra Institute,
CSI, IHA
 Initial private partners: Develco, Seluxit, Servodan
 Additional partners: Zense Techology, Danfoss Heating, LIAB,
NEOGRID
 Also a number of networked partners
GOALS
 Implementation for co-existence of
different home devices and energy optimization
 Validation of a number of scenarios
 Collaboration with industrial partners
 Investigate the business potential

Projekter
INTREPRID EU STREP Project
• 8 European partners
• Challenges: Local control and storage, energy
management system, grid communication
• Homeport: Metering and control
• 20 Danish buildings to be demonstrated
Arrowhead Artemis project
‘Arrowhead’ EU Artemis program with participation
from AAU, Zense, Neogrid, NEAS and 2 other
Danish partners: In total 80 partners. Danish
contribution focuses on demonstrating 50 houses
using flexoffers. Homeport to be used for
metering.
Totalflex
• 2012-2015 (AAU, CBS and 5 companies)
• Aims to establish a marketplace based on
Flexoffers
• Homeport to be used for metering and
communication
Encourage Artemis project
• 11 European partners
• Challenges: Building control, smart metering and
business intelligence
• Homeport: metering
• Demonstrator with 8 houses i Aalborg

 RTI Innovationsnetværk for IKT
 CISS, Alexandra, DELTA, ITU, SDU, KU, DTU, BB
 1900 interessenter; 700 unike virksomheder
 9 interessegrupper
 Smart Grid & Intelligente Bygninger
 Mini-projekter

Smart Grid Challenges in the Real ICT World

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