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Semiotics in Spreadsheets:
Enhancing Semantic
Interoperability
Ivelize Rocha Bernardo
André Santanchè
Outline
•Motivation
•Research Problems
•Related Work
•What I did in my Master Degree
•Limitations of the Master Degree Proposal
•Which are the plans to the PhD
Motivation
Large amount of information in spreadsheets
[Syed et al., 2010]
Motivation
Large amount of information in spreadsheets
[Syed et al., 2010]
Why?
•They are intuitive
•They have high flexibility -> diverse needs
Motivation
However, they were designed for:
•Isolated use
•Human reading
Research Goal
The main goal of our research is to promote a
richer semantic interoperability among
spreadsheets
Interoperability
(Ouksel & Sheth 1999)
system interoperability
syntactic interoperability
structural interoperability
semantic interoperability
Interoperability
(Ouksel & Sheth 1999)
system interoperability
syntactic interoperability
structural interoperability
semantic interoperability
(Tolk 2006)
no interoperability
technical interoperability
syntactic interoperability
semantic interoperability
pragmatic interoperability
dynamic interoperability
conceptual interoperability
Interoperability
(Ouksel & Sheth 1999)
system interoperability
syntactic interoperability
structural interoperability
semantic interoperability
(Tolk 2006)
no interoperability
technical interoperability
syntactic interoperability
semantic interoperability
pragmatic interoperability
dynamic interoperability
conceptual interoperability
Interoperability
semantic interoperability semantic interoperability
pragmatic interoperability
dynamic interoperability
conceptual interoperability
Data Interpretation
Semiotics in spreadsheets
Which elements must be
considered in this
interpretation process?
Which elements must be
considered in this
interpretation process?
Unity Interpretation
Related Work
isolated label
(Han et al,. 2008) - RDF123: from spreadsheets to RDF, The Semantic Web. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5318. Springer
(Langegger & Wolfram, 2009) - XLWrap Querying and Integrating Arbitrary Spreadsheets with SPARQL, The Semantic Web. Lecture
Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5823. Springer
Related Work
template
(Abraham & Erwig, 2006) - Inferring Templates from Spreadsheets, Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering
Related Work
instances
(Zhao et al, 2010) - A spreadsheet system based on data semantic object, IEEE International Conference on Information Management and
Engineering
Related Work
isolated label associated to
linked data
(Syed et al., 2010) - Exploiting a Web of Semantic Data for Interpreting Tables, Proceedings of the Web Science Conference
Related Work
correlation of labels
associated to linked data
(Venetis et al., 2011) - Recovering Semantics of Tables on the Web, Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
(Mulwad et al., 2010) - Using linked data to interpret tables, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Consuming Linked Data
Related Work
correlation between several
spreadsheet elements
associated to linked data
(Limaye, 2010) - Annotating and Searching Web Tables Using Entities, Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
How far the system can
interpret, considering labels and
their correlations?
How much different they are in
fact?
How much different they are in
fact?
How much different they are in
fact?
How much different they are in
fact?
What I did in my Master
Degree
Research Strategy
1. To identify construction patterns followed by biologists
during the creation of these spreadsheets
2. To verify if these construction patterns could lead us to
recognition of the spreadsheet purpose
3. To achieve a semantic interoperability among these
spreadsheets
How to identify Construction Patterns
*
*
How to identify Construction Patterns
what
*
How to identify Construction Patterns
what
*
How to identify Construction Patterns
what
what
*
How to identify Construction Patterns
what
whatwhen
*
How to identify Construction Patterns
what
what wherewhen
Construction Patterns
*
Construction Patterns
*
catalogue
Construction Patterns
*
catalogue
Construction Patterns
*
catalogue
collection
Construction Patterns
*
catalogue
collection
SciSpread System
Semiotics in spreadsheets
Semiotics in spreadsheets
Semiotics in spreadsheets
Semiotics in spreadsheets
Architecture Evaluation
Automatic analysis of 11,150 spreadsheets
the system recognized 1,151 spreadsheets
806 spreadsheets were classified as catalogue
345 spreadsheets were classified as collection
Total: 748,459 records analyzed
*
Architecture Evaluation - Results
• Random subset of 1,203 spreadsheets was
selected to evaluate precision/recall
– Precision: 0.84
– Recall: 0.76
– Specificity: 0.95
*
Limitation of the Master
Degree Proposal
Main Limitations● Single Domain
Specific spreadsheets (catalogue and
collection)
● Lack of a Model to represent
construction patterns
○ after, model for construction
patterns isolated for each other
● Linking labels to ontologies
○ not able to aggregate different
labels belonging to the same
concept
○ the ontology was selected by us, it
is not necessarily the best
representation for spreadsheets'
data
● Single Domain
○ Specific spreadsheets (catalogue
and collection)
● Lack of a Model to represent
construction patterns
○ after, model for construction
patterns isolated for each other
● Linking labels to ontologies
○ not able to aggregate different
labels belonging to the same
concept
○ the ontology was selected by us, it
is not necessarily the best
representation for spreadsheets'
data
● Multiple Domains
● Model as an association
network
○ relates elements and
concepts of several
spreadsheets
● Linking spreadsheet structure
to ontologies
○ the link is made between
concepts
Which are the plans to my
PhD
Semiotics in spreadsheets
Semiotics in spreadsheets
Semiotics in spreadsheets
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ID
time
rel.
glu.
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type
trea.
Spreadsheet
Purpose
Start
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ID
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Spreadsheet
Purpose
Spreadsheet
Domain
Data Model
Spreadsheets Semiotic Sign
Data Model
Spreadsheets Semiotic Sign
signifierstructural
form
Data Model
Spreadsheets Semiotic Sign
signifier signifiedstructural
form
spreadsheet
purpose
+
semantic
spreadsheet data
Architecture
Start
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rel.
glu.
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type
trea.
Spreadsheet
Purpose
Spreadsheet
Domain
Start
XYZ
How to devise different domains
when the networks are
interconnected?
Research
Challenge
Spreadsheet
Domain
Spreadsheet
Purpose
Research Questions
• When spreadsheets could be considered of the
same purpose?
• Is there a canonical representation among
spreadsheets of the same purpose?
• Is it possible to define a canonical representation
for a spreadsheet group
• Can this representation be used to predict
spreadsheets of a given purpose?
Acknowledgements
● Laboratory of Information Systems (LIS)
● UNICAMP
● FAPESP
● Microsoft Research FAPESP Virtual Institute
(NavScales project)
● CNPq (MuZOO Project and PRONEX-FAPESP)
● INCT in Web Science(CNPq 557.128/2009-9)
● CAPES
Thank you for your
attention!

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