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Not  Using CALR Technology: Ethical and Liability Risks Is there an obligation to use CALR and the Web? ©Professor Jon R. Cavicchi Originally Prepared for N.H. Bar Association CLE Franklin Pierce Law Center  Last Updated 2009
 
The story survives of a hapless advocate in Elizabethan England who wrote a prolix brief. The court ordered that his head be put through a hole in the brief, which hung around his neck with the "written side outward." A warden then led him "bareheaded and barefaced round about Westminster Hall, whilst the Courts (were) sitting…” 1 George Spence, The Equitable Jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery 376-77 n.h (1846) (reporting 1596 case of Mylward v. Weldon).
Part of larger topic… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Part of a larger subtopic… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A quick detour into billing issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ethics research A few tools and strategies
45K44 45K129 In 1993 West added Attorney-Client 112.50 Research of Law
 
 
Websites of national scope… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
Not  Using New CALR Technology: Ethical and Liability Risks? Is there an obligation to use CALR and the Web? Typical lawyer answer…maybe!
Pierce Law teaches the “media mix” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Maybe? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Liability contexts… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Four important spheres of lawyer self-governance regulating the conduct of lawyers. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Scolding throughout all types of cases, for example… ,[object Object],[object Object]
Not citing correct law… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tour of authorities…
NHRPC 1.1 Competence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NHRPC 1.2 Representation      When a lawyer knows that a client expects assistance not permitted by the Rules of Professional Conduct or other law, the lawyer shall advise the client regarding the relevant limitations on the lawyer's conduct.
NHRPC 1.3 Diligence (a) A lawyer shall act with reasonable promptness and diligence in representing a client. (b) Performance by a lawyer is prompt and diligent when:          (1) it is carried out in the manner and within the time parameters established by the agreement between the client and the lawyer; however, the lawyer may not rely upon the terms of an agreement to excuse performance which is not prompt and diligent in light of changes in circumstances, known to the lawyer, which require adjustments to the agreed upon schedule of performance.          (2) in all other matters of representation, it is carried out with no avoidable harm to the client's interest nor to the lawyer-client relationship.
NHRPC  1.4. Client Communications ,[object Object]
NHRPC 1.5. Fees ,[object Object]
NHRPC 2.1 In representing a client, a lawyer shall exercise independent professional judgment and render candid advice. In rendering advice, a lawyer may refer not only to law but to other considerations such as moral, economic, social and political factors, that may be relevant to the client's situation.
NHRPC  3.1. Meritorious Claims and Contentions A lawyer shall not bring or defend a proceeding, or assert or controvert an issue therein, unless there is a basis for doing so that is not frivolous, which includes a good faith argument for an extension, modification or reversal of existing law. A lawyer for the defendant in a criminal proceeding, or the respondent in a proceeding that could result in incarceration, may nevertheless so defend the proceeding as to require that every element of the case be established.
NHRPC 3.3 Duty of Candor A lawyer shall not knowingly…fail to disclose to the tribunal legal authority in the controlling jurisdiction known to the lawyer to be directly adverse to the position of the client and not disclosed by opposing counsel Courts have read this as what the lawyer should know!
Rule 1.1 tells us… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comment to ABA Rule 1.1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A real problem… ,[object Object],[object Object]
Smith v. Lewis 530 P2d 589 (Cal. 1975) ,[object Object],[object Object]
[W]e believe an attorney assumes an obligation to his client to undertake reasonable research in an effort to ascertain relevant legal principles and to make an informed decision as to a course of conduct based upon an intelligent  assessment of the problem. In the instant case, ample evidence was introduced to support a jury finding that defendant failed to perform such adequate research into the question of the community character of retirement benefits and thus was unable to exercise the informed judgment to which his client was entitled.
Has CALR become a standard research technique? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Use by Judges… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THE INEXORABLE SHIFT TO DIGITAL LAW: FASTER, BETTER, CHEAPER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Factors why a knowledgeable,  skillful, prompt, thorough diligent lawyer uses CALR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
88 cases added since 9/04 the most recent  dated the end of April
A LAWYER'S JUDGMENT WILL NEVER BE AUTOMATED ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Has the free Web become a standard research tool?
[object Object],[object Object]
Judges are already recognizing the importance of the Internet for legal research ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Duty to know when to not use the free Web? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NHRPC 3.3 Duty of Candor A lawyer shall not knowingly…fail to disclose to the tribunal legal authority in the controlling jurisdiction known to the lawyer to be directly adverse to the position of the client and not disclosed by opposing counsel Courts have read this as what the lawyer should know!
Massey v. Prince George’s County 918 F.Supp. 905 (D. Md. 1996) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Massey turns to Rules 1.1 & 1.3 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Court shows how to find the case using Westlaw ,[object Object],[object Object]
Updating authorities Scolding and sanctions
One of the most important steps in the research process… ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Golden Eagle Distrib. Corp. v. Burroughs Corp.,    103 F.R.D. 124 (N.D. Cal. 1984)  (later rev.d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Subtleties of Using Citators ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Have Online Citators Made Print Obsolete? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Using print citator such as Shepard's is a time-consuming task  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CALR citator considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sanctions Rule 11 State equivalents
FRCP 11. Signing of Pleadings, Motions, and Other Papers; Representations to Court; Sanctions ,[object Object],[object Object]
NHRPC 3.1. Meritorious Claims and Contentions ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Balance duties to advocacy & court… ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Butler, Rule 11- Sanctions And A Lawyer's Failure To Conduct Competent Legal Research, 29 Cap. U. L. Rev. 681 (2001)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Synthesis of cases: improper research when:   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Sanctions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
State cases…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Legal Research and Law Library Management , Rev. Ed. 2005
In closing….”Resistance is Futile”

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Not Using CALR Technology: Ethical and Liability Risks Is there an obligation to use CALR and the Web?

  • 1. Not Using CALR Technology: Ethical and Liability Risks Is there an obligation to use CALR and the Web? ©Professor Jon R. Cavicchi Originally Prepared for N.H. Bar Association CLE Franklin Pierce Law Center Last Updated 2009
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  • 3. The story survives of a hapless advocate in Elizabethan England who wrote a prolix brief. The court ordered that his head be put through a hole in the brief, which hung around his neck with the "written side outward." A warden then led him "bareheaded and barefaced round about Westminster Hall, whilst the Courts (were) sitting…” 1 George Spence, The Equitable Jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery 376-77 n.h (1846) (reporting 1596 case of Mylward v. Weldon).
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  • 7. Ethics research A few tools and strategies
  • 8. 45K44 45K129 In 1993 West added Attorney-Client 112.50 Research of Law
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  • 18. Not Using New CALR Technology: Ethical and Liability Risks? Is there an obligation to use CALR and the Web? Typical lawyer answer…maybe!
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  • 27. NHRPC 1.2 Representation     When a lawyer knows that a client expects assistance not permitted by the Rules of Professional Conduct or other law, the lawyer shall advise the client regarding the relevant limitations on the lawyer's conduct.
  • 28. NHRPC 1.3 Diligence (a) A lawyer shall act with reasonable promptness and diligence in representing a client. (b) Performance by a lawyer is prompt and diligent when:         (1) it is carried out in the manner and within the time parameters established by the agreement between the client and the lawyer; however, the lawyer may not rely upon the terms of an agreement to excuse performance which is not prompt and diligent in light of changes in circumstances, known to the lawyer, which require adjustments to the agreed upon schedule of performance.         (2) in all other matters of representation, it is carried out with no avoidable harm to the client's interest nor to the lawyer-client relationship.
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  • 31. NHRPC 2.1 In representing a client, a lawyer shall exercise independent professional judgment and render candid advice. In rendering advice, a lawyer may refer not only to law but to other considerations such as moral, economic, social and political factors, that may be relevant to the client's situation.
  • 32. NHRPC 3.1. Meritorious Claims and Contentions A lawyer shall not bring or defend a proceeding, or assert or controvert an issue therein, unless there is a basis for doing so that is not frivolous, which includes a good faith argument for an extension, modification or reversal of existing law. A lawyer for the defendant in a criminal proceeding, or the respondent in a proceeding that could result in incarceration, may nevertheless so defend the proceeding as to require that every element of the case be established.
  • 33. NHRPC 3.3 Duty of Candor A lawyer shall not knowingly…fail to disclose to the tribunal legal authority in the controlling jurisdiction known to the lawyer to be directly adverse to the position of the client and not disclosed by opposing counsel Courts have read this as what the lawyer should know!
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  • 38. [W]e believe an attorney assumes an obligation to his client to undertake reasonable research in an effort to ascertain relevant legal principles and to make an informed decision as to a course of conduct based upon an intelligent assessment of the problem. In the instant case, ample evidence was introduced to support a jury finding that defendant failed to perform such adequate research into the question of the community character of retirement benefits and thus was unable to exercise the informed judgment to which his client was entitled.
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  • 45. 88 cases added since 9/04 the most recent dated the end of April
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  • 48. Has the free Web become a standard research tool?
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  • 54. NHRPC 3.3 Duty of Candor A lawyer shall not knowingly…fail to disclose to the tribunal legal authority in the controlling jurisdiction known to the lawyer to be directly adverse to the position of the client and not disclosed by opposing counsel Courts have read this as what the lawyer should know!
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