1. A FAMILIAR THEME – ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT New York’s Erie Canal 350 miles 88 locks Paid for itself in 7 years. linked New York City (eventually) with New Orleans. New York’s Tech Valley Companies pursuing high technology-related endeavors can have a "living laboratory" in which to apply their learning. 1825 2000’s
2. A FAMILIAR THEME: States Rights In 1798 to counter a growing “threat” against government, the Federalists pushed four measure known as the Alien and Sedition Acts through Congress. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Claimed the right to declare null and void federal laws going beyond the powers granted by the Constitution to the Federal government In 1828: Congress passes Tariff of Abominations $45.00 tax on imports. Southern Congressmen claim the Tariff favors the manufacturing North John C.Calhoun issues the South Carolina Exposition declaring Tariff of 1832 “null and void”
3. Influence of the 3 rd Party Candidate The People’s Party (Populists) 1892 The Progressive “Bull Moose” Party 1912 A Third Party Platform often provides an outlet for protesting politics by focusing on extreme solutions to controversial problems
4. LOOSE INTERPRETION OF THE CONSTITUION As President Washington’s Sect. Of Treasury Hamilton uses the “necessary and proper” clause (elastic) when establishing the first national bank Alexander Hamilton As President Jefferson loosely interprets his treaty making powers to purchase Louisiana from France for 15 million Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson 1791 1803
5. WARTIME CONSITUTIONAL ISSUES Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 Alien Acts, 1917 Palmer Raids, 1919 Smith Act 1940 and Japanese Internment McCarthyism 1950’s The Patriot Act and the response to the Terrorists Attacks, 2001
6. American citizenship requirements raised from 5 –14 years; jail time or fines for anyone expressing opinions damaging to the government; President could deport violators TARGETED : Foreigners (immigrants, French and British radicals), and members of the Democratic – Republicans RESULTS: Federal government prosecuted and jailed Republican editors, publishers, and politicians Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 Espionage and Sedition Acts 1917 A person could be fined up to $10,000/20 years in prison if they interfered with the draft, obstructed the sale of bonds, or saying anything profane, disloyal, or abusive about the war effort RESULTS: 6,000 arrests for loosely defined anti-war activities (1,500 convictions) House of Reps refused to seat a Socialists Congressman critical of the war Supreme Court hears Schenck v. U.S case in 1917 The Alien Registration Act of 1940 (Smith Act) The act, which made it an offense to advocate or belong to a group that advocated the violent overthrow of the government. was the basis of later prosecutions of members of the Communist and Socialist Workers parties. WAR TIME CONSTITUIONAL ISSUES
7. Horrible condition endured by African slaves during the middle passage 1660’s Horrible condition endured by Chinese immigrant railroad workers in the 1860’s HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES: A FAMILIAR THEME?
8. Transcontinental RR 1860’s The Panama Canal 1900 Manifest Destiny - Western migration and settlement fueled the desire for quicker transportation. A transcontinental RR was completed in 1869 connected both coasts Imperialism on the world satge The Spanish American War necessitated the need to make the US a two sea navy Transportation Innovation – A Familiar Theme?
9. WOMEN in AMERICAN HISTORY Abigail Adams 1776 Esther Hill 1876 Women’s duties in Colonial America: Cooking, gardening, washing, cleaning, weaving cloth, and sewing. Supported one another by helping with childbirth and sharing equipment and tools. Women’s duties on the Great Plains: Plowing, planting, harvesting crops; milked cows, skimmed cream, churned butter, and made cheese; sheered sheep, carded wool, and sewed or knit clothes made soap, candles; milled grain, baked bread, cooked meals, canned fruits, and vegetables
10. Transcontinental RR 1860’s The Panama Canal 1900 Manifest Destiny - Western migration and settlement fueled the desire for quicker transportation. A transcontinental RR was completed in 1869 connected both coasts Imperialism on the world stage The Spanish American War necessitated the need to make the US a two sea navy Transportation Innovation – A Familiar Theme? Interstate System 1956
11. Gravilo Princip Serbia (1914) Emilio Aquinaldo Philippines (1899-1901) The Boxers China, 1900 A member of the Serbian Nationalist group the Black Hand, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, igniting World War I Fought with U.S. in war against Spain (1898) lead Filipino insurrection against U.S. occupation 1899-1901 Chinese secret society that revolted to drive out “foreign devils” Responses to Imperialism – A Familiar Theme?
12. Shay’s Rebellion Whiskey Rebellion 1786-1787 Massachusetts farmers were upset their property was being seized for failure to pay taxes. Daniel Shay’s lead angry mob during take over of local arsenal Volunteer militia force stops rebellion 1794 Western Pennsylvania farmers opposed Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey. Farmers refused to pay tax and attacked revenue officers President Washington sends 12,000 troops to stop rebellion
13. Whiskey Rebellion 1794 Western Pennsylvania farmers opposed Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey. Farmers refused to pay tax and attacked revenue officers President Washington sends 12,000 troops to stop rebellion Shay’s Rebellion
14. “ The pen is mightier than the sword” Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin helped to fuel the abolitionist cause in the prior to the Civil War In the first year after it was published, 300,000 copies of the book were sold The Jungle, 1906, Upton Sinclair It describes the scandalous living and working conditions, the lack of generally the utter hopelessness prevalent among the have-nots, which is contrasted with the deeply-rooted corruption on the part of the haves, The Jungle is a major critique of capitalism and an important example of the “muckraking” tradition The Feminine Mystique, 1963 Betty Friedan The book depicted the roles of women in and in particular the full-time homemaker and significantly spurred the women’s movement
15. Jose Marti Cuba (1895) Emilio Aquinaldo Philippines (1899-1901) The Boxers China, 1900 Exiled Cuban Poet and journalist organized resistance against Spain using guerrilla tactics; Opposed U.S. occupation of Cuba Fought with U.S. in war against Spain (1898) lead Filipino insurrection against U.S. occupation 1899-1901 Chinese secret society that revolted to drive out “foreign devils” Responses to Imperialism – A Familiar Theme?
19. A FAMILIAR THEME? Henry Johnson and the NY’s 369th Infantry; “Harlem Hellfighters” The 54 th Massachusetts inspiration for the film “GLORY” The Civil War 1860-1865 World War I 1914-1919 World War II 1941-45 332nd Fighter Pilot Squadron; the "Tuskegee Airmen"
20. SEGREGATION TO INTEGRATION The Civil War 1860-1865 World War I 1914-1919 World War II 1941-45 President Harry Truman desegregated the US military in 1947. As a resulted we have had integrated fighting forces in every war since Korea
21. COLD WAR THEMES - BERLIN BERLIN AIRLIFT, 1945 JFK, 1961 REAGAN, 1987
23. Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 Espionage and Sedition Acts 1917 RESULTS: Federal government prosecuted and jailed Republican editors, publishers, and politicians Ben Franklin’s grandson thrown in jail. RESULTS: 6,000 arrests for loosely defined anti-war activities (1,500 convictions) House of Reps refused to seat a Socialists Congressman critical of the war Jefferson submits Virginia and Kentucky resolutions Supreme Court hears Schenck v. U.S case in 1917 REVIEW VIDEO
24. A FAMILIAR THEME? The Civil War 1860-1865 World War I 1914-1919 World War II 1941-45 Lincoln and the Civil War (1861-1865)– suspending writ of habeas corpus Charles Schenck arrested for handing our pamphlets protesting the draft Free speech issue -Clear and present danger (Schenck vs. US) Japanese Internment during WW II (1941-1945)
25. The Dust Bowl Causes Effects Trial of Tears, 1838 Japanese Internment, 1942 Forced removal or relocation on a minority for political, social, or economic reasons
26. The Dust Bowl Causes Effects Homesteaders 1860’s Uprooted Farmers 1930’s Post Civil War land rush drew thousands of families west search for free land and new opportunities Unemployed farmers leave failed farms and the dust bowl in search of work
27. A FAMILIAR THEME? Treatment of Asians Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 closed the door to Chinese Immigrants Chinese Exclusion, 1882 Japanese Internment, 1942 Executive Order #9066 establishes relocation centers for
28. The RED SCARE FAMILIAR THEME? Italian anarchists put to death in 1920 for robbing a payroll clerk in Boston McCarthyism 1950’s Sacco and Venzetti, 1920’s
29. PARANoIA…. FAMILIAR THEME? Italian anarchists put to death in 1920 for robbing Sacco and Venzetti, 1920’s The Rosenburgs, 1950’s Executed for selling Atomic secrets to the Russians
30. Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 Espionage and Sedition Acts 1917 American citizenship requirements raised from 5 –14 years; jail time or fines for anyone expressing opinions damaging to the government; President could deport violators A person could be fined up to $10,000/20 years in prison if they interfered with the draft, obstructed the sale of bonds, or saying anything profane, disloyal, or abusive about the war effort TARGETED : Foreigners (immigrants, French and British radicals), and members of the Democratic - Republicans TARGETED : Foreigners (immigrants, German decendents, Russian radicals), and members of the Socialist Party
31. A FAMILIAR THEME - CONTAINMENT June 25, 1950 communist North Korea invaded South Korea. United Nations troops drive back communist forces to the 38 th parallel. An armistice was signed July 27, 1953 Vietnam is split at the 17 th parallel after WWII. US commits forces work to contain communist forces between 1961 and 1973. US troops withdraw in 1973
32. A FAMILIAR THEME - CONTAINMENT June 25, 1950 communist North Korea invaded South Korea. United Nations troops drive back communist forces to the 38 th parallel. An armistice was signed July 27, 1953 The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is approved by Congress on August 7 and authorizes President Lyndon Johnson to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression." The resolution passes unanimously in the House, and by a margin of 82-2 in the Senate. The Resolution allows Johnson to wage all out war against North Vietnam without ever securing a formal Declaration of War from Congress.
36. PRESIDENTIAL DOMESTIC AGENDAS FDR’s Legislative agenda was designed to provide relief, recovery, and reform for a nation crippled by the Great Depression FDR and the New Deal LBJ’s Legislative agenda was designed to create a higher standard of living and an equal opportunity that promoted a richer quality of life for every American Thomas Jefferson 1930’s LBJ and The Great Society 1960’s
37. IMPEACHMENT…A FAMILIAR THEME? Impeachment proceedings were brought against Andrew Johnson for violating the 1867 Tenure of Office Act by removing Secretary Edwin M. Stanton from his position as the head of the Department of War. Impeachment proceedings were brought against President Clinton for willfully committing perjury by providing false and misleading testimony to the grand jury in relation to his relationship with an employee Bill Clinton, 1998 Andrew Johnson, 1867
