1. Are you going to fight
or flee?
Gatlin period 1
Group 2
2. Cerebral Cortex &
Somatic pathways
Motor & Sensory
-layer of the brain
often referred to as
gray matter.
(9)
-Pathways that transport
nerves to and from the
brain.
(9)
3. Phrase Word Match
Cortex Sensory Evolution
Motor Brain Two-Thirds
The cerebral ______ is divided
into right and left hemispheres. It
Afferent pathways: Sensory
encompasses about ______ of the
information coming from the
brain mass and lies over and
_________ receptors through
around most of the structures of
peripheral nerves to the spinal
the brain. It is the most highly
cord and on to the brain.
developed part of the human
Efferent pathways.
_______and is responsible for
_______commands coming
thinking, perceiving, producing
from the brain and spinal cord,
and understanding language. It is
through peripheral nerves to
also the most recent structure in
effecter organs.
the history of brain ______.
7. Meninges
meninges, three membranous
envelopes—pia mater, arachnoid, and
dura mater—that surround the brain and
spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the
ventricles of the brain and the space
between the pia mater and the arachnoid.
The primary function of the meninges and
of the cerebrospinal fluid is to protect the
central nervous system. (10)
8. Pia Mater
The pia mater is the meningeal envelope
that firmly adheres to the surface of the
brain and spinal cord. It is a very thin
membrane composed of fibrous tissue
covered on its outer surface by a sheet of
flat cells thought to be impermeable to
fluid. The pia mater is pierced by blood
vessels that travel to the brain and spinal
cord. (10)
9. Arachnoid
Over the pia mater and separated from it by a space
called the subarachnoid space is the arachnoid, a thin,
transparent membrane. It is composed of fibrous tissue
and, like the pia mater, is covered by flat cells also
thought to be impermeable to fluid. In the region of the
brain, particularly, a large number of fine filaments
called arachnoid trabeculae pass from the arachnoid
through the subarachnoid space to blend with the
tissue of the pia mater. The arachnoid trabeculae are
embryologic remnants of the common origin of the
arachnoid and pia mater, and they have the frail
structure characteristic of these two of the meninges.
The pia mater and arachnoid together are called the
leptomeninges. (10)
10. Dura Mater
The outermost of the three meninges is the
dura mater (or pachymeninx), a strong, thick,
and dense membrane. It is composed of
dense fibrous tissue, and its inner surface is
covered by flattened cells like those present
on the surfaces of the pia mater and
arachnoid. The dura mater is a sac that
envelops the arachnoid and has been
modified to serve several functions. The dura
mater surrounds and supports the large
venous channels (dural sinuses) carrying
blood from the brain toward the heart.(10)
11. CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless
liquid that bathes the brain and spinal cord.
While the primary function of CSF is to
cushion the brain within the skull and serve
as a shock absorber for the central nervous
system, CSF also circulates nutrients and
chemicals filtered from the blood and
removes waste products from the brain.
Examining the fluid can be useful in
diagnosing many diseases of the nervous
system, including MS(11)
12.
13. Spinal Cord
The Spinal Cord is connected to the brain and is about the
diameter of a human finger. From the brain the spinal cord
descends down the middle of the back and is surrounded and
protected by the bony vertebral column. The spinal cord is
surrounded by a clear fluid called Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF),
that acts as a cushion to protect the delicate nerve tissues
against damage from banging against the inside of the
vertebrae.
The nerves which exit the spinal cord in the mid and lower
section of the back, control the trunk and legs, as well as
bladder, bowel and sexual function.
The nerves which carry information from the brain to muscles
are called Motor Neurones. The nerves which carry information
from the body back to the brain are called Sensory Neurones.
Sensory Neurones carry information to the brain about skin
temperature, touch, pain and joint position.
The brain and spinal cord are referred to as the Central
Nervous System, whilst the nerves connecting the spinal cord
to the body are referred to as the Peripheral Nervous
System.(12)
23. Peripheral Nervous System
Across
2. purpose includes slowing down your
heartbeat, lowering your blood pressure,
and increasing blood flow to your skin.
Down
1. function is the mobilization of the
body’s nervous system due to fight or
flight response.
3. Functions to regulate the basic visceral
(organ) processes needed for the
maintenance of normal bodily functions.
