This slide corresponds with Wrench, McCroskey, and Richmond's (2008) Human Communication in Everyday Life: Explanations and Applications published by Allyn and Bacon.
19. Sir Christopher Ball in his presidential address to the North of England Education Conference in 1995 said, “There are only three things of importance to successful learning: motivation, motivation, and motivation . . .any fool can teach students who want to learn.”
20. Motivation A force or drive that influences behavior to achieve a desired outcome (Millette & Gorham, 2002, p. 141).
25. Teacher Clarity (p. 416) The process by which an instructor is able to effectively stimulate the desired meaning of course content and process in the minds of students through the use of appropriately-structured verbal and nonverbal messages (Chesebro & McCroskey, 1998, 262-263).