Wi-Max in Details

1. 5

2. 4

3. 3

4. 2

5. 1

6. Prepared by:-
Jiten Patel
Maharashtra Academy Of Engineering

7. Basic three different options for Internet access are available today
• Dial-up access
• Broadband access
• WiFi access
Problems
 The main problems with broadband access are that it is pretty expensive and
it doesn't reach all areas.
 The main problem with WiFi access is that .
Solution - A new technology that provides
 The high speed of broadband service.
 Wireless rather than wired access, so it would be a lot less expensive than
cable or DSL and much easier to extend to suburban and rural areas.
 Broad coverage like the cell phone network instead of small WiFi hotspots.

8. What is WiMAX ?
 Defined as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access by
the WiMAX Forum, formed in June 2001.
 It also goes by the IEEE name 802.16.
 The Forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology
enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an
alternative to cable and DSL".
 WiMAX is not a technology, but rather a certification
mark, or 'stamp of approval' given to equipment that meets certain
conformity and interoperability tests for the IEEE 802.16 family of
standards.

9. How WiMAX works?
A WiMAX system consists of two parts:
A WiMAX tower:
It is similar in concept to a cell-phone tower. A single WiMAX tower can
provide coverage to a very large area as big as 3,000 square miles
(equivalent to 8,000 square km).
A WiMAX receiver:
The receiver and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card, or they
could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today.

11. IEEE 802.16 Specifications
Range - 30-mile (50-km) radius from base station.
Speed - 70 megabits per second.
Line-of-sight not needed between user and base station.
Frequency bands - 2 to 11 GHz and 10 to 66 GHz (licensed
and unlicensed bands).
Operation
 Sends data from one computer to another via radio
signals.
 A computer equipped with WiMAX would receive data
from the WiMAX transmitting station, probably using
encrypted data keys to prevent unauthorized users from
stealing access.

12. WiMAX can provide two types of wireless service:
Non line-of-sight service
 A small antenna on the computer connects to the tower.
 In this mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency range of 2 GHz to 11
GHz (similar to WiFi).
 Lower-wavelength transmissions are not easily disrupted by
physical obstructions because they are better able to diffract, or bend,
around obstacles.
Line-of-sight service:
 A fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower from
a rooftop or pole.
 The line-of-sight connection is stronger and more stable, so
it's able to send a lot of data with fewer errors.
 Line-of-sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges
reaching a possible 66 GHz. At higher frequencies, there is less
interference and lots more bandwidth.

13. Installation
 WiMAX subscriber units are available in both indoor and
outdoor versions from several manufacturers.
 Self install indoor units are convenient, but the subscriber must
be significantly closer to the WiMAX base station.
 Indoor units require a much higher infrastructure investment
as well as operational cost (site lease, backhaul, maintenance) due to
the high number of base stations required to cover a given area.
 Indoor units are comparable in size to a cable modem or DSL
modem.
 Outdoor units allow for the subscriber to be much further
away from the WiMAX base station, but usually require professional
installation.
 Outdoor units are roughly the size of a textbook, and their
installation is comparable to a residential satellite dish.

14. Technical Information
 The 802.16 MAC(Media Access Controller) uses a scheduling algorithm
for which the subscriber station need compete once for initial entry into the
network.
 After that it is allocated an access time slot by the base station which
can enlarge and contract, but remains assigned to the subscriber station
which means that other subscribers cannot use it.
 The 802.16 scheduling algorithm is stable under overload and
over-subscription and it can also be more bandwidth efficient.
 The scheduling algorithm also allows the base station to control
QoS(Quality of Service) parameters by balancing the time-slot
assignments among the application needs of the subscriber stations.

15. Uses
 Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots with each other and to other
parts of the Internet.
 Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for
last mile (last km) broadband access.
 Providing high-speed mobile data and telecommunications
services (4G) through Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
 VoIP allows people to make local, long-distance and even
international calls through a broadband Internet connection.
 Providing a diverse source of Internet connectivity as part of a
business continuity plan. That is, if a business has a fixed and a
wireless internet connection, especially from unrelated providers,
they are unlikely to be affected by the same service outage.

16. Advantages over WiFi
 The WiMAX specification provides symmetrical bandwidth over
many kilometers and range with stronger encryption and typically less
interference.
 Wi-Fi is short range (approximately 10's of meters) and suffers from
interference as in metropolitan areas where there are many users.
 Wi-Fi Hotspots are typically backhauled over ADSL in most places
therefore Wi-Fi access is typically highly contended and has poor upload
speeds between the router and the internet.

17. Limitation
 A commonly held misconception is that WiMAX will deliver 70
Mbit/s, over 70 miles (112.6 kilometers).
 Each of these is true individually, given ideal circumstances, but
they are not simultaneously true.
 In Line of sight environments it could deliver symmetrical
speeds of 10Mbps at 10Km but in Urban Environments it is more likely
that 30% of installations may be Non Line of sight and therefore Users
may only receive 10Mbps over 2Km.
 WiMAX has some similarities to DSL in this respect, where one
can either have high bandwidth or long reach, but not both
simultaneously.
 The other feature to consider with WiMAX is that available
bandwidth is shared between users in a given radio sector, so if there
are many active users in a single sector, each will get reduced bandwidth.

18. Real time Applications for boosting security
 In an emergency, communication is crucial for government
officials as they try to determine the cause of the problem, find out
who may be injured and coordinate rescue efforts or cleanup operations.
 A gas-line explosion or terrorist attack could damage the cables
that connect leaders and officials with their vital information
networks.
 WiMAX could be used to set up a back-up (or even primary)
communications system that would be difficult to destroy with a single,
pinpoint attack.
 A cluster of WiMAX transmitters would be set up in range of a
key command center but as far from each other as possible. Each
transmitter would be in a bunker hardened against bombs and other
attacks. No single attack could destroy all of the transmitters, so the
officials in the command center would remain in communication at all
times.

19. www.yogijicreations.com