SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  39
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
CELLS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous system
The nervous system
The nervous system
The nervous system
NEURONS VS. OTHER CELLS IN THE BODY



            NEURONS ARE SIMILAR TO OTHER CELLS IN THE BODY BECAUSE:

        •   Neurons are surrounded by a cell membrane.
        •   Neurons have a nucleus that contains genes.
        •   Neurons contain cytoplasm, mitochondria and other
            organelles.
        •   Neurons carry out basic cellular processes such as
            protein synthesis and energy production.

             NEURONS DIFFER FROM OTHER CELLS IN THE BODY BECAUSE:

        •   Neurons have specialized extensions called dendrites
            and axons. Dendrites bring information to the cell body
            and axons take information away from the cell body.
        •   Neurons communicate with each other through an
            electrochemical process.
        •   Neurons contain some specialized structures (for
            example,     synapses)       and     chemicals      (for
            example, neurotransmitters).
THREE GENERAL CATEGORIES OF NEURONS
THREE GENERAL CATEGORIES OF NEURONS
THREE GENERAL CATEGORIES OF NEURONS
THREE GENERAL CATEGORIES OF NEURONS




                   SENSORY NEURON            INTERNEURON           MOTOR NEURON


                   Long dendrites and      Short dendrites and    Short dendrites and
LENGTH OF FIBERS
                       short axon           short or long axon         long axon

                      Cell body and
                                                                  Dendrites and the
                       dendrite are
                                                                     cell body are
                      outside of the
                                            Entirely within the     located in the
   LOCATION        spinal cord; the cell
                                           spinal cord or CNS      spinal cord; the
                    body is located in
                                                                  axon is outside of
                       a dorsal root
                                                                   the spinal cord
                         ganglion
                                        Interconnect the
                                                          Conduct impulse to
                   Conduct impulse to sensory neuron with
   FUNCTION                                               an effector (muscle
                     the spinal cord   appropriate motor
                                                               or gland)
                                             neuron
THE THREE DISTINCT PARTS OF THE NEURON
THE THREE DISTINCT PARTS OF THE NEURON
THE THREE DISTINCT PARTS OF THE NEURON
THE THREE DISTINCT PARTS OF THE NEURON
CELL BODY OR SOMA
CELL BODY OR SOMA
CELL BODY OR SOMA
DENDRITES
AXON
AXON
DENDRITES VS. AXON




 Take information away      Bring information to the
   from the cell body               cell body
                            Rough Surface (dendritic
    Smooth Surface
                                    spines)
Generally only 1 axon per   Usually many dendrites
           cell                     per cell
     No ribosomes               Have ribosomes
    Can have myelin           No myelin insulation
 Branch further from the      Branch near the cell
       cell body                     body
The nervous system
TWO TYPES OF GLIAL CELLS
TWO CLASSES OF MACROGLIA
SCHWANN CELL
MICROGLIA
ACTION POTENTIAL
ACTION POTENTIAL
ACTION POTENTIAL
ACTION POTENTIAL
ACTION POTENTIAL
ACTION POTENTIAL
ACTION POTENTIAL
The nervous system
The nervous system
The nervous system
TYPES OF SYNAPSES
http://library.thinkquest.org/2935/Natures_Best/Nat_Best_Low_Level/Nervous_page.L.html

http://www.biology-online.org/8/1_nervous_system.htm

http://webschoolsolutions.com/patts/systems/nervous.htm

http://www.innerbody.com/image/nerv06.html

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/reward/

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/ap.html

http://www.albany.edu/faculty/cafrye/apsy601/Ch.02cellsofthenervoussystem.html

http://www.biologymad.com/nervoussystem/nervoussystemintro.htm

http://psychology.about.com/od/biopsychology/ss/neuronanat.htm

http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/actionpot.html

http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/theneuron.html

http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.php
CELLS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Glial cells - Neurobiology and Clinical Aspects
Glial cells - Neurobiology and Clinical AspectsGlial cells - Neurobiology and Clinical Aspects
Glial cells - Neurobiology and Clinical AspectsRahul Kumar
 
Structure of neuron - simple slide
Structure of neuron - simple slideStructure of neuron - simple slide
Structure of neuron - simple slideAarathyChandran1
 
Neurobiology of the neuron and neuroglia - august'18
Neurobiology of the neuron and neuroglia - august'18Neurobiology of the neuron and neuroglia - august'18
Neurobiology of the neuron and neuroglia - august'18Dewan Shafiq
 
Structure and function of neuron
Structure and function of neuronStructure and function of neuron
Structure and function of neuronSambit Patel
 
Ch14 nervous tissue
Ch14 nervous tissueCh14 nervous tissue
Ch14 nervous tissueKemUnited
 
Cellular organization of the nervous system
Cellular organization of the nervous systemCellular organization of the nervous system
Cellular organization of the nervous systemDavis Mburu
 
General histology || Nervous tissue
General histology || Nervous tissueGeneral histology || Nervous tissue
General histology || Nervous tissueAli Nasser
 
5.a.nervous tissue
5.a.nervous tissue5.a.nervous tissue
5.a.nervous tissuePoonam Singh
 
Histology of the nervous system
Histology of the nervous system Histology of the nervous system
Histology of the nervous system Kozhen Sardar
 
what is nervous tissue
what is nervous tissuewhat is nervous tissue
what is nervous tissueRiddhi Karnik
 

Tendances (18)

NERVE PHYSIOLOGY- NEURON & NEUROGLIA
NERVE PHYSIOLOGY- NEURON & NEUROGLIANERVE PHYSIOLOGY- NEURON & NEUROGLIA
NERVE PHYSIOLOGY- NEURON & NEUROGLIA
 
Glial cells - Neurobiology and Clinical Aspects
Glial cells - Neurobiology and Clinical AspectsGlial cells - Neurobiology and Clinical Aspects
Glial cells - Neurobiology and Clinical Aspects
 
Nervous tissue 1
Nervous tissue 1Nervous tissue 1
Nervous tissue 1
 
Neuron
NeuronNeuron
Neuron
 
Structure of neuron - simple slide
Structure of neuron - simple slideStructure of neuron - simple slide
Structure of neuron - simple slide
 
Neurobiology of the neuron and neuroglia - august'18
Neurobiology of the neuron and neuroglia - august'18Neurobiology of the neuron and neuroglia - august'18
Neurobiology of the neuron and neuroglia - august'18
 
Structure and function of neuron
Structure and function of neuronStructure and function of neuron
Structure and function of neuron
 
Ch14 nervous tissue
Ch14 nervous tissueCh14 nervous tissue
Ch14 nervous tissue
 
Neuron
NeuronNeuron
Neuron
 
Cellular organization of the nervous system
Cellular organization of the nervous systemCellular organization of the nervous system
Cellular organization of the nervous system
 
General histology || Nervous tissue
General histology || Nervous tissueGeneral histology || Nervous tissue
General histology || Nervous tissue
 
4 nervous tissue
4 nervous tissue4 nervous tissue
4 nervous tissue
 
5.a.nervous tissue
5.a.nervous tissue5.a.nervous tissue
5.a.nervous tissue
 
Structure of neuron
Structure of neuronStructure of neuron
Structure of neuron
 
neuron & nervous system -fernando- biodeluna
 neuron & nervous system -fernando- biodeluna neuron & nervous system -fernando- biodeluna
neuron & nervous system -fernando- biodeluna
 
Histology of the nervous system
Histology of the nervous system Histology of the nervous system
Histology of the nervous system
 
Nervous tissue2k1
Nervous tissue2k1Nervous tissue2k1
Nervous tissue2k1
 
what is nervous tissue
what is nervous tissuewhat is nervous tissue
what is nervous tissue
 

En vedette

Verborgen kosten van conflict slow
Verborgen kosten van conflict slowVerborgen kosten van conflict slow
Verborgen kosten van conflict slowelodievansytzama
 
The nervous system
The nervous systemThe nervous system
The nervous systemJo Cellona
 
The nervous system
The nervous systemThe nervous system
The nervous systemJo Cellona
 
Types of computer systems
Types of computer systemsTypes of computer systems
Types of computer systemsSophiepfc
 
The nervous system
The nervous systemThe nervous system
The nervous systemJo Cellona
 

En vedette (6)

Verborgen kosten van conflict slow
Verborgen kosten van conflict slowVerborgen kosten van conflict slow
Verborgen kosten van conflict slow
 
The nervous system
The nervous systemThe nervous system
The nervous system
 
The nervous system
The nervous systemThe nervous system
The nervous system
 
p2 unit 3
p2 unit 3p2 unit 3
p2 unit 3
 
Types of computer systems
Types of computer systemsTypes of computer systems
Types of computer systems
 
The nervous system
The nervous systemThe nervous system
The nervous system
 

Similaire à The nervous system

Johny's Anatomy & Physiology Part 2
Johny's Anatomy & Physiology Part 2Johny's Anatomy & Physiology Part 2
Johny's Anatomy & Physiology Part 2Johny Kutty Joseph
 
6. Nerves tissue-1.pptx
6. Nerves tissue-1.pptx6. Nerves tissue-1.pptx
6. Nerves tissue-1.pptxFranciKaySichu
 
Histology of the nervous system
Histology of the nervous systemHistology of the nervous system
Histology of the nervous systemSahar Hafeez
 
What Is A Neuron
What Is A NeuronWhat Is A Neuron
What Is A Neuronneurosciust
 
Bio regulators of behavior
Bio   regulators of behaviorBio   regulators of behavior
Bio regulators of behaviorcrisamaecatilo
 
NERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
NERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTSNERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
NERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTSWINCY THIRUMURUGAN
 
Nervous System 1 (63).pptx
Nervous System 1 (63).pptxNervous System 1 (63).pptx
Nervous System 1 (63).pptxsyedumair76
 
NEURON SUPPORTIVE CELLS OR ANS
NEURON SUPPORTIVE CELLS OR ANSNEURON SUPPORTIVE CELLS OR ANS
NEURON SUPPORTIVE CELLS OR ANSoptometry student
 
Nerve tissues (mic ana lec)
Nerve tissues (mic ana lec)Nerve tissues (mic ana lec)
Nerve tissues (mic ana lec)ayesexy
 
Nervous system.pdf
Nervous system.pdfNervous system.pdf
Nervous system.pdfWdEaAlBoNy
 
Nervous system.pptx
Nervous system.pptxNervous system.pptx
Nervous system.pptxRohit Sharma
 
Cellular organization of the nervous system
Cellular organization of the nervous systemCellular organization of the nervous system
Cellular organization of the nervous systemmuhammaduzairkhan8
 
Nervous System-ppt.pptx
Nervous System-ppt.pptxNervous System-ppt.pptx
Nervous System-ppt.pptxjinprix
 

Similaire à The nervous system (20)

Johny's Anatomy & Physiology Part 2
Johny's Anatomy & Physiology Part 2Johny's Anatomy & Physiology Part 2
Johny's Anatomy & Physiology Part 2
 
Cells of Neuron
Cells of NeuronCells of Neuron
Cells of Neuron
 
Nervous tissue
Nervous tissueNervous tissue
Nervous tissue
 
neuron.pptx
neuron.pptxneuron.pptx
neuron.pptx
 
6. Nerves tissue-1.pptx
6. Nerves tissue-1.pptx6. Nerves tissue-1.pptx
6. Nerves tissue-1.pptx
 
Histology of the nervous system
Histology of the nervous systemHistology of the nervous system
Histology of the nervous system
 
What Is A Neuron
What Is A NeuronWhat Is A Neuron
What Is A Neuron
 
Neural control n coordination by BNP.pdf
Neural control n coordination by BNP.pdfNeural control n coordination by BNP.pdf
Neural control n coordination by BNP.pdf
 
Bio regulators of behavior
Bio   regulators of behaviorBio   regulators of behavior
Bio regulators of behavior
 
NERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
NERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTSNERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
NERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS
 
CNS.pdf
CNS.pdfCNS.pdf
CNS.pdf
 
nervous tissue
nervous tissuenervous tissue
nervous tissue
 
Nervous System 1 (63).pptx
Nervous System 1 (63).pptxNervous System 1 (63).pptx
Nervous System 1 (63).pptx
 
NEURON SUPPORTIVE CELLS OR ANS
NEURON SUPPORTIVE CELLS OR ANSNEURON SUPPORTIVE CELLS OR ANS
NEURON SUPPORTIVE CELLS OR ANS
 
neuron.pdf
neuron.pdfneuron.pdf
neuron.pdf
 
Nerve tissues (mic ana lec)
Nerve tissues (mic ana lec)Nerve tissues (mic ana lec)
Nerve tissues (mic ana lec)
 
Nervous system.pdf
Nervous system.pdfNervous system.pdf
Nervous system.pdf
 
Nervous system.pptx
Nervous system.pptxNervous system.pptx
Nervous system.pptx
 
Cellular organization of the nervous system
Cellular organization of the nervous systemCellular organization of the nervous system
Cellular organization of the nervous system
 
Nervous System-ppt.pptx
Nervous System-ppt.pptxNervous System-ppt.pptx
Nervous System-ppt.pptx
 

Dernier

How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 

Dernier (20)

How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 

The nervous system

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. When a neuron is not sending a signal, it is "at rest." When a neuron is at rest, the inside of the neuron is negative relative to the outside. Although the concentrations of the different ions attempt to balance out on both sides of the membrane, they cannot because the cell membrane allows only some ions to pass through channels (ion channels).
  2. The resting membrane potential of a neuron is about -70 mV (mV=millivolt) - this means that the inside of the neuron is 70 mV less than the outside.
  3. The resting potential tells about what happens when a neuron is at rest. An action potential occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body. Neuroscientists use other words, such as a "spike" or an "impulse" for the action potential.
  4. The resting potential tells about what happens when a neuron is at rest. An action potential occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body. Neuroscientists use other words, such as a "spike" or an "impulse" for the action potential. If the neuron does not reach this critical threshold level, then no action potential will fire. Also, when the threshold level is reached, an action potential of a fixed sized will always fire...for any given neuron, the size of the action potential is always the same. There are no big or small action potentials in one nerve cell - all action potentials are the same size. Therefore, the neuron either does not reach the threshold or a full action potential is fired - this is the "ALL OR NONE" principle.
  5. Because there are many more sodium ions on the outside, and the inside of the neuron is negative relative to the outside, sodium ions rush into the neuron. Remember, sodium has a positive charge, so the neuron becomes more positive and becomes depolarized.The action potential actually goes past -70 mV (a hyperpolarization) because the potassium channels stay open a bit too long.
  6. The vesicle membrane will fuse with the presynaptic membrane releasing the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. Until recently, it was thought that a neuron produced and released only one type of neurotransmitter. This was called "Dale's Law." However, there is now evidence that neurons can contain and release more than one kind of neurotransmitter.
  7. Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic CleftThe neurotransmitter molecules then diffuse across the synaptic cleft where they can bind with receptor sites on the postsynaptic ending to influence the electrical response in the postsynaptic neuron. In the figure on the right, the postsynaptic ending is a dendrite (axodendritic synapse), but synapses can occur on axons (axoaxonic synapse) and cell bodies (axosomatic synapse).When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the postsynaptic side of the synapse, it changes the postsynaptic cell's excitability: it makes the postsynaptic cell either more or less likely to fire an action potential. If the number of excitatory postsynaptic events is large enough, they will add to cause an action potential in the postsynaptic cell and a continuation of the "message."
  8. Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic CleftThe neurotransmitter molecules then diffuse across the synaptic cleft where they can bind with receptor sites on the postsynaptic ending to influence the electrical response in the postsynaptic neuron. In the figure on the right, the postsynaptic ending is a dendrite (axodendritic synapse), but synapses can occur on axons (axoaxonic synapse) and cell bodies (axosomatic synapse).When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the postsynaptic side of the synapse, it changes the postsynaptic cell's excitability: it makes the postsynaptic cell either more or less likely to fire an action potential. If the number of excitatory postsynaptic events is large enough, they will add to cause an action potential in the postsynaptic cell and a continuation of the "message."
  9. Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic CleftThe neurotransmitter molecules then diffuse across the synaptic cleft where they can bind with receptor sites on the postsynaptic ending to influence the electrical response in the postsynaptic neuron. In the figure on the right, the postsynaptic ending is a dendrite (axodendritic synapse), but synapses can occur on axons (axoaxonic synapse) and cell bodies (axosomatic synapse).When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the postsynaptic side of the synapse, it changes the postsynaptic cell's excitability: it makes the postsynaptic cell either more or less likely to fire an action potential. If the number of excitatory postsynaptic events is large enough, they will add to cause an action potential in the postsynaptic cell and a continuation of the "message."