1. -Jodi Saul

2. The Americas in the 19th Century
• Events like the gold rush in California caused a great change in the Americas
• Because of the great poverty in in China, many were seeking to make a fortune to
provide a better life
• When word of the gold rush spread around the world it sparked a large scale
migration to the United States
• The migrants increased the ethnic
diversity of the population and social
and economic development
• This lead to creating a more diverse
America along with future battles for
equality

3. Relation Between Canada and the U.S.
• Both Canada and the United States
gain independence from Britain
• Canada managed to gain
independence without war
• Both Canada and the United States
experienced divisions caused by the
ethnic differences
• The main division in Canada was
between the British and French
Canadians
• During the war of 1812, Canada became
unified in order to defend themselves from
and external threat; despite their differences,
they did not want to lose their independence
• Eventually Canada experienced a time
of rapid growth and this helped grow
and unify the nation as a whole and
gave benefits like expanding business
opportunities

4. The Little Ice Age
• Even weather can cause significant change in history
• The little ice age created a huge change in Europe
• It caused the death of thousands of people through many of its effects, not just
from the colder temperatures
• It spread disease and caused famines, because many of the crops that were being
grown at the time were very sensitive to the cold and grew best in warmer
temperatures
• The people had to learn
which foods would grow
best in these
temperatures
• The potato grew very
well in these
temperatures but it
took all their other
crops being destroyed
for them to actually
begin growing and
eating them

5. Frontiers of the Americas
• The various frontiers of the Americas lead to the expansion and growth into the
Americas we know today
• In 1801, America had been dealing with overpopulation
• In 1803, the transaction of the Louisiana Purchase took place
• The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the nation as it including 6 states
• Included in this purchase was
the Mississippi river
• It became an important factor
in the farming world
• This boost in farming helped
increased trade, and all of this
helped the nation’s economy

6. Frontiers of the Americas
• Sometimes, frontiers were people simply
venturing to unseen places to discover
what they could
• The frontier of the unknown was
important to people of this time; the
desire for discovery fueled expeditions
and contributed to the expansion of the
nation and increase in knowledge at the
time
• A well known explorer of this time was Prince
Maximiliann of Wied-Neuwied
• He was a German explorer who set out to
study the culture of
Native American
tribes and gathered
information
observations of
them • Maximilian brought along with him the artist Karl
Bodmer to create paintings of what they saw
• Bodmer was capable of representing the lives of
the natives accurately as they were

7. Crossroads of Freedom
The Battle of Antietam
• Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln was faced with the
tremendous challenge of keeping the Union together
• Lincoln was also dealing with the conflict in slavery
• Before the battle in 1862, things had been
going poorly for the North
• On September 17, 1862, the battle of Antietam began, which ended up being
one of the most significant battles in the war

8. The Battle of Antietam
• The Union was forced to
march next to each other
through a corn field
toward the enemy
• Line after line, soldiers
marched blindly being
fired at constantly by the
Confederates
• The battle was disorganized and chaotic; people were dying rapidly
• Despite this, Union soldiers continued to march side by side, refusing to leave their
brother’s side
• This strong sense of unity and devotion to each other is a major theme throughout the
war
• Their determination in remaining with their fellow soldiers lead to more and more deaths
• Eventually the Confederates rand out of units and were forced to retreat; the
union had gained control of the now obliterated cornfield

9. The Battle of Antietam • Not only were General Lee’s troops greatly
weakened by this battle, but they were also
suffering from hunger because they were poorly
supplied
• Soon another battle began in Sharpsburg,
Maryland, and Confederate soldiers fought
from the small protection of a sunken road
• Union soldiers began to march towards
them and once again, line after line of
them were being gunned down
• Despite so many deaths of soldiers, the Union kept
marching towards the sunken road and eventually
succeeded in reaching it
• Once again their devotion and unity allowed them to
send the Confederates into a retreat

10. The Battle of Antietam
• Right after another battle broke out over a bride in which the Confederates were able
to stop the Union advance
• In the end, little ground was gained or lost, however there were about 23,000
casualties
• During this time, Lincoln had been waiting to release his Emancipation Proclamation
• He did not want to lose support on it because of the Unions position in the war, but
when things began to look better for them, he was able to release it
• His concern for keeping the Union together was the cause of its delay
• It is said that this battle was key in allowing the Union victories in other pivotal
battles