Slides summarising a study of dermal exposure to heavy fuel oil and the DREAM model to estimate exposure. This work is preparatory for further developments of a dermal Advanced REACH Tool

1. Measuring and modeling dermal exposure – developments in Europe John W Cherrie

2. Outline of the talk… Schneider et al conceptual model The DREAM tool Validation of DREAM By the authors In situations where heavy fuel oil is used The way forward REACH and the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) and Bayesian statistical techniques

3. Schneider and colleagues… Surface contamination layer Air compartment Source Clothing outer layer Clothing inner layer Skin contamination layer Schneider et al. Conceptual model for assessment of dermal exposure. Occup Environ Med (1999) vol. 56 (11) pp. 765-73

4. DeRmalExposure Assessment Method - DREAM A dermal exposure prediction tool based on the Schneider et al conceptual model van Wendel de Joode et al. DREAM: A method for semi-quantitative dermal exposure assessment. Annals of Occupational Hygiene (2003) vol. 47 (1) pp. 71-87

5. DREAM validations… van Wendel de Joode et al. Accuracy of a semiquantitative method for Dermal Exposure Assessment (DREAM). Occup Environ Med (2005) vol. 62 (9) pp. 623-32

6. Heavy fuel oil (HFO)… Industrial fuel for power stations Heating large industrial sites Heating fuel in hospitals and distilleries in remote area (e.g. Scottish Highlands) Marine oil HFO contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

7. Aims of our study… To develop a validated method for measuring dermal HFO exposure To collect exposure data using the validated method To collect contextual exposure information and use these data to apply the DREAM model

8. Methods… Removal method using clinical wipes saturated with 70% isopropyl alcohol – three sequential wipes 25 cm2 forearm and neck Palms of each hand Collected following the completion of task and before rest breaks Some pre-task samples also collected Filed blanks GG-MS analysis for marker PAHs

9. Sites investigated… Production 2 oil refineries Distribution 2 fuel distribution terminals including 1 associated with distribution by shipping Use 2 Energy providers 1 Power plant engine building and repair

10. Dermal exposure by type of site… Hand exposure (µg/cm2) Forearm (µg/cm2)

11. DREAM vs measurements…

12. Task average data… van Wendel de Joode et al. Accuracy of a semiquantitative method for Dermal Exposure Assessment (DREAM). Occup Environ Med (2005) vol. 62 (9) pp. 623-32

13. The way forward… The Advanced REACH Tool www.AdvancedREACHtool.com Currently for inhalation exposure only Uses Bayesian algorithm to combine model prediction with measurements Plans to use DREAM to develop a dermal tool Expect to start preparatory work this year

14. The slides are available at OH-world.org You can download this and other presentations from my website www.OH-world.org Follow my blog on Twitter at www.Twitter.com/JohnCherrie