THE URBAN GROWTH OF MEDIUM-SIZED TOWNS . THE CASE OF CASTILLA-LA MANCHA.
1. THE URBAN GROWTH OF MEDIUM-SIZED TOWNS .
THE CASE OF CASTILLA-LA MANCHA.
Facultad de Humanidades. Albacete
EURGEOT /
Varsovia, Mayo 2010
Juan Antonio García González
Grupo EURGEOT
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
3. THE URBAN GROWTH OF TOWNS. THE
CASE OF CASTILLA-LA MANCHA.
• 1.- Factors and events of the sprawling city.
• 2.- Urban sprawl in the environment of medium-sized towns of
Castilla-La Mancha.
– Populations changes
– Commuting
– Growth of urban surface
– Increased housing
• 3.- Multiscale analysis.
– 3.1.- The expansion of continuous urban land and
discontinuous urban land at the provincial level.
– 3.2.- The changes in urban rings
– 3.3.- Changes inside county level
4. CONCEPTS OF THE PHENOMENON
• Ciudad abierta.
• Ciudad extensa.
• Ciudad difusa.
• Ciudad dispersa.
• Ciudad desconcentrada.
• Ciudad diseminada.
• Nuevos espacios residenciales.
• Mosaico urbano.
• Archipiélago urbano.
• Área urbana.
• Ciudad mallada.
• Ciudad-región.
• Periferias urbanas.
• No-ciudad.
• Regiones funcionales urbanas.
• Suburbanización.
• Periurbanización.
• Rurubanización.
• Contraurbanización.
• Desurbanización.
• Descentralización urbana.
• Metropolización del espacio
rural.
• Exurbanización.
• Antiurbanización.
• Urbanización por
desplazamiento.
• Desconcentración urbana.
• Derramamiento urbano
• Urbanización del campo
5. COUNTERURBANIZATION
• Population spreading.
• Demographic flows changes: rural-
urban vs urban-rural
• Translation of business and
employment from CBD to metropolitan
areas
• Dissolution of the urbanization on the
territory and society.
6. GROWTH OF THE HOUSING BUSINESS
(1996-2006)
• Expansive economic climate.
• Exceptional financial conditions (mortgage).
• Consideration of real estate as a capital above its
residential value (purely speculative).
• Increase in family income.
• Increase in the number of households.
– Massive influx of immigrants.
– Increased single-person households.
• Residential tourism outburst.
• Demand for second homes.
• New preferences in housing typologies.
7. TERRITORIAL EXPRESSIONS OF
PROCESS
• 1 / 3 of homes built in Spain in the nineties,
has been constructed in the form of low
density (single-family and townhouses).
• They are in the first city ring.
– Outskirts of the large Spanish cities .
– Suburbs of medium-sized towns .
– Coastal areas.
8. EVOLUTION OF THE AVERAGE PRICE OF
HOUSES IN SPAIN AND CLM (1996-2006)
9. EXPLANATORY FACTOR OF GROWTH OF THE
SPRAWLING CITY.
• Incorporation of new Information Technologies and
telecommunications.
• Broadening of transport
•It has encouraged the decentralization of
population and economic activities.
•It has created high-capacity networks
10. ARGUMENTATION IN FAVOR OF
DIFFUSE CITY MODEL
• Sustainable patterns of diffuse regional towns
• Beneficial effects on host rural areas
(population dynamics, economic ...).
• Cheaper land prices.
• New consumer preferences.
11. CRITICAL TO THE DIFFUSE CITY MODEL
• Ecological approaches.
– Extensive use of space
– High consumption of land .
– High emissions of pollutants (gases, noise, environmental
impacts).
• Economical approaches.
– Increasing demands for resources and energy .
– Shortage of public and private services .
– High cost of infrastructure and equipment .
– Conflict between new residential functions and rural activities.
– Increased daily urban mobility
– Densification of transport and communication networks.
• Social approaches.
– Dissolution of the urban structure.
– Fragmentation of the social network.
– Space privatization and partitioning.
– Increased mobility: wasted traveling time.
– Planning deficit.
13. THE URBAN GROWTH OF TOWNS. THE
CASE OF CASTILLA-LA MANCHA.
• 1.- Factors and events of the sprawling city.
• 2.- Urban sprawl in the environment of medium-sized towns of
Castilla-La Mancha.
– Populations changes
– Commuting
– Growth of urban surface
– Increased housing
• 3.- Multiscale analysis.
– 3.1.- The expansion of continuous urban land and
discontinuous urban land at the provincial level.
– 3.2.- The changes in urban rings
– 3.3.- Changes inside county level
14. METHODOLOGY
- Study
Hypothesis:
- Study area:
- Analyzed variables:
The increase of population, housing and daily mobility
are expressions of the growth of the sprawling city.
Outskirts of the main seven towns in Castilla-La Mancha
(Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Ciudad Real,
Guadalajara, Puertollano, Talavera de la Reina and
Toledo).
•Demographic dynamics.
•Daily commuting.
•Changes in land cover
•Housing
15. - Period analyzed :
- Sources:
- Area of analysis :
Municipalities within a radius of 30 km on the
outskirts of the seven main cities.
•INE. Demographic bureau. 2001.
•INE. Population register, 1996 y 2007.
•CORINE land Cover
1996-2007 (It starts with the beginning of the
growth cycle of housing in Spain and it ends with
the latest available data ).
METHODOLOGY
22. URBAN DYNAMICS AND FUNCTIONAL
SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES.
CIUDAD Población 1996 Población 2007 Tasa 1996/2007
Cuenca 43.733 52.980 1’74
Talavera de la Reina 70.922 85.549 1’70
Ciudad Real 59.392 71.005 1’62
Toledo 66.006 78.618 1’58
Guadalajara 67.108 77.925 1’36
Albacete 143.799 164.771 1’24
Puertollano 50.772 50.838 0’01
Fuente: INE, Censo de Población y Vivienda, 2001. Elaboración propia.
Evolution of the population in medium-sized towns of Castilla-La
Mancha (1996-2007)
26. URBAN DYNAMICS AND FUNCTIONAL
SPECIALIZATION OF CITIES.
- Accessibility
- Tourist role :
- Administrative functions:
-Different functional specialization :
- University:
- Comercial functions:
- Industrial functions:
Toledo.
Cuenca.
• High-Speed train AVE: Ciudad Real, Puertollano,
Toledo, Guadalajara
•Airports: Ciudad Real, Albacete.
•Highways
27. ATTRACTION FACTORS OF COUNTIES AROUND
MIDDLE-SIZE TOWNS.
• Abundance of land at competitive prices .
• Accessibility.
• Balance:
– proliferation of sprawling development along
the main axes of communication
– Much of its residents come from the city and
move into old family second homes or new
neighborhoods.
29. COMMUTING IN CITIES AND TOWNS WITHIN THEIR RESPECTIVE URBAN
BUFFER (2001)
Fuente: INE, Censo de Población y Vivienda, 2001. Elaboración
propia.
Movilidad laboral
diaria en la ciudad
principal (%)
Movilidad laboral diaria.
Valor medio de los municipios
de su área de influencia (%)
Albacete 11 32
Ciudad Real 16 42
Cuenca 11 41
Guadalajara 31 53
Puertollano 17 34
Talavera de la Reina 17 39
Toledo 16 47
30. Total población vinculada1
Toledo 31.176
Guadalajara 15.847
Ciudad Real 12.071
Talavera de la Reina 6.575
Albacete 4.738
Puertollano 3.096
Cuenca 2.117
PEOPLE THAT WORK IN TOWNS DIFFERENT THAN THEIR
HOMETOWNS. 2001
Fuente: INE. Elaboración propia.
1. Excluida la población vinculada de la ciudad
principal.
32. CONCENTRATED AND SPRAWLING URBAN LAND
GROWTH IN CASTILLA-LA MANCHA (PROVINCIAL
LEVEL)
Evolución de la Superficie de Tejido Urbano
Continuo
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
1987 2000 2006
Albacet e
Ciudad Real
Cuenca
Guadalajara
Toledo
Evolución de la Superficie de
Tejido Urbano Discontinuo
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
1987 2000 2006
35. GROWTH OF THE LAND SURFACE OF
SPRAWLING URBANISM BY PROVINCES (1987-
2000-2006)
Provincias 1987 2000 2006 1987-2000 2000-2006 1987-2006
Albacete 11.3 17.3 20.9 52.4 21.1 84.6
Ciudad Real 11.6 19.7 25.7 69.6 30.7 121.7
Cuenca 11.1 17.1 22.4 53.5 31.1 101.2
Guadalajara 30.2 45.1 55.0 49.3 21.9 82.0
Toledo 58.8 93.2 109.5 58.3 17.6 86.1
Castilla-La Mancha 123.1 192.3 233.6 56.2 21.5 89.7
Tasa de crecimiento (%)Superficie en Km2
39. EVOLUTION OF THE SURFACE OF URBAN LAND OF
SPRAWLING URBANISM IN THE RINGS OF THE SEVEN
MEDIUM-SIZED TOWNS (1987-2000-2006).
Coronas (30 km) 1987 2000 2006 1987-2000 2000-2006 1987-2006
Albacete 8.8 12.6 14.9 42.8 18.6 69.3
Ciudad Real-Puertollano 7.4 12.4 16.0 66.9 29.4 116.0
Cuenca 2.0 2.4 3.7 20.6 54.4 86.3
Guadalajara 12.3 24.7 33.9 101.0 37.4 176.2
Talavera de la Reina 15.8 21.5 23.4 36.4 8.9 48.4
Toledo 12.4 27.7 33.1 123.4 19.7 167.3
Total coronas 58.7 101.3 125.1 72.5 23.6 113.2
Superficie en Km2 Tasa de crecimiento (%)
45. MANIFESTATIONS OF THE SPRAWLING CITY
•Major Cities: The influence area is up to 100
km.
•Medium-sized Towns: Their influence radios
do not often exceed 30 km.
•The peripheral municipalities grow above the
dynamics of medium-sized towns.
•This growth is due to population and activities
disseminating.
46. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Especially intense manifestations of the sprawling city
phenomenon •Guadalajara.
•Toledo
- Intermediate cases:
•Ciudad Real.
•Talavera de la Reina.
•Cuenca.
•Albacete
• Puertollano.
- Emerging impact on the environs of the cities of:
47. Creation of new sites away from traditional urban
spaces.
New suburban landscapes.
Polycentricism, especially residential.
Problems of definition: From the standpoint of the
territorial delimitation, the concept of diffused city is
imprecise.
Rupture and dissolution of the traditional boundaries
of cities.
No building or population density thresholds.
MANIFESTATIONS OF THE SPRAWLING CITY
48. It is difficult to properly distinguish the boundaries
between rural and urban environment.
Juxtaposition of the two urban models: compact
city vs diffuse city.
Low building density.
Proximity to communication routes.
High mobility of the population every working day.
MANIFESTATIONS OF THE SPRAWLING CITY
50. Gracias por su atención
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