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Stairways,[object Object]
EVOLUTION OF STAIRCASE,[object Object],Staircase are one of the oldest building elements in architectural histories…. Reflecting the prevailing philosophies and symbolic language.,[object Object],WHY DO WE NEED STAIRCASE,[object Object],To protect people from injuries and to facilitates  access during movements from one level to the another in a building.,[object Object],LOCATION OF STAIRStair should be placed at a central place in the building so as to give shortest access to all rooms. It should be well ventilated and airy.,[object Object]
PRINCIPLES TO BE OBSERVED WHILE PLANNING AND DESIGNING A STAIR1.  Width of Stair: It should not be less than 1.00m.2.  Length of flight: The number of steps in a single flight should not be more than 12.3.  Pitch of the stair: It should be between 25  to 404.  Width of landing: It should be 150mm, more than the width of stair.5.  Winders or kite steps: Odd shaped steps should be avoided and incase found ,[object Object],     necessary. These should be provided at the start of a stair.6.  Han-rails: It should be 750 to 850 mm in height from the top of respective step or ,[object Object],     landing.7.  Step proportions: The size of rise and tread in a stair should be kept uniform ,[object Object],     through out the whole stair.,[object Object],8.  Headroom: Minimum of 2000mm of clear headroom is required above the pitch line  Following proportions are recommended:(i)  Residential buildings-   Tread=250 mm                                        Rise=160 mm(ii)  Public buildings -    Tread=300 mm                                    Rise=150 mm (iii) Industrial buildings, Railway station,                                   etc    Tread =not less then 250 mm                                   	      =250 to 300 mm                                             Rise =not less then 150 mm                                   	    =150 to 190 mm,[object Object], o ,[object Object], o ,[object Object]
Otherwise work out the sizes of rise and tread ,[object Object],by using any one of the following proportions,[object Object],(i)   (2xRise)+(Going), In mm=550 to 600 mm,[object Object],(ii)  Rise x tread, both in cm = 400 to 410 cm2.,[object Object],(iii) With basic proportion of going 300 mm and rise 150 mm, add 10 mm to rise for every 20 mm deduction from going e.g. For a going of 280 mm the rise will be 160 mm. ,[object Object],	The above rules act as guide but the actual sizes depend upon the availability of space, while planning stairs practical-field.,[object Object]
Stairs
BalustersThe smaller posts fitted between the stair and the handrail, usually 	decorative, and in timber or steel.,[object Object],Bullnose StepThe step at the base of a stair which usually has a protruding semi-	circular 	endCappingThe piece of timber that forms the edge or border for the carpet or 	other floor coverings, located at the edge of the floor on upper level,[object Object],Closed StairA stair that has treads and risers,[object Object],Cut StringerStringers that are cut to follow the profile of the treads and risers.,[object Object],HandrailThe shaped or moulded piece of timber you hold on to as you walk up 	or down the stair. ,[object Object],Handrail ScrollThe decorative handrail piece at the start of the stair that curls around 	and sits above the bullnose step,[object Object],Handrail WreathsThe sections that curve around corners to form a continuous handrail,[object Object],LandingThe flat platforms usually located where a stair changes direction. ,[object Object],Newel PostsThe larger square posts at the start and the corners of a stair. They are 	usually turned, fluted, panelled or decorated in some way.,[object Object]
Stairs
Open StairA stair that has no risers,[object Object],RisersThe vertical pieces which are the solid infill between the 	treads,[object Object],StringersThe main beams that support treads and risers,[object Object],Tread BracketThe decorative pieces that fit to the face of a cut stringer in 	the more traditional type of stair,[object Object],Tread NoseThe rounded leading edge of a step,[object Object],TreadsThese are simply the steps you walk on,[object Object],Winder StepsThe triangular treads used to change the direction of the 	stair, usually around right-angle corners,[object Object]
STAIR GEOMETRY,[object Object],Stair safety and geometry are related- rhythmic movement along a straight line is important for safe ascent or descent,[object Object]
STAIR ANGLES,[object Object],According to AS 1657-1992 (Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways & ladders- Design, construction & installation), stairways should be angled between 26.50 and 450-That’s between 1 in 2 and 1 in 1,[object Object],Rise = 1,[object Object],Going = 1,[object Object],Rise = 1,[object Object],Going = 2,[object Object],450,[object Object],26.50,[object Object]
Stairway Landings,[object Object],Stairways landings must be at least 30 inches deep and 22 inches wide at every 12 feet or less of vertical rise,[object Object],Unprotected sides of landings must have standard 42 inch guardrail systems,[object Object],Landing,[object Object]
Platforms and Swing Doors,[object Object],Where doors or gates open directly on a stairway, provide a platform that extends at least 20 inches beyond the swing of the door. ,[object Object]
STAIR TYPE 1,[object Object],Straight flight stair,[object Object],4.1 Stairways >600mm between handrails,[object Object],4.1 Slope not less than 26.50 & not more than 450,[object Object]
STAIR TYPE 2,[object Object],Straight two-flight stair with half-landing,[object Object],4.2.1 stairs constructed in flights straight or curved horizontally,[object Object],4.2.2 Number of rises not to exceed 18 in a flight; not more than 36 rises without a change in direction,[object Object]
STAIR TYPE 3,[object Object],Quarter-turn stair with landing,[object Object],4.3.1 All treads to be slip resistant, with provision made for drainage,[object Object],4.3.1 (a) Rises & goings (in the same flight) to be within ± 5mm,[object Object]
STAIR TYPE 4,[object Object],Dogleg stair with half-landing,[object Object],4.3.2 Head clearance min 2000mm vertically from nosing of tread,[object Object],4.3.3 Nosing of tread must be highlighted,[object Object]
STAIR TYPE 5,[object Object],Open-well stair with two quarter landings,[object Object],4.3.1 (b) Each rise not less than 150mm & not more than 215mm,[object Object],4.3.1 (c) Each going not less than 215mm & not more than 305mm,[object Object]
STAIR TYPE 6,[object Object],   Quarter-turn stair withwinders,[object Object],   4.4 Landings:,[object Object],(a)  Length & width must be not less than the stairway,[object Object],(b)  Landing minimum vertical clearance 2000mm,[object Object],(c) Every access landing- standing space at least 600mm clear of cross-traffic or door swing,[object Object]
STAIR TYPE 7,[object Object],Spiral stair with central column,[object Object],4.2.3 Radius to centre line of stairway not less than 600mm; where radius to centre line is less than 3000mm, maximum width of curved stairway 750mm,[object Object]
STAIR TYPE 8,[object Object],Circular stair with central well,[object Object],4.3.1 (c) Each Going not less than 215mm & not more than 305mm,[object Object]
STAIR TYPE 9,[object Object],Geometric stair (900) turn,[object Object],4.3.1 (d) 45 000< RxG <48 000,[object Object],4.3.1 (e) Tread width must not be less than the going and there must be an overhang of at least 10mm ,[object Object]
STAIR CHAIR,[object Object]
STAIR STEPS,[object Object]
Handrail  &  Stairrail,[object Object]
T,[object Object],I,[object Object],M,[object Object],B,[object Object],E,[object Object],R,[object Object],N,[object Object],E,[object Object],W,[object Object],E,[object Object],L,[object Object], P,[object Object],O,[object Object],S,[object Object],T,[object Object]
T,[object Object],I,[object Object],M,[object Object],B,[object Object],E,[object Object],R,[object Object],B,[object Object],ALU,[object Object],ST,[object Object],E,[object Object],R,[object Object],S,[object Object]
STEEL,[object Object],BALUSTERS,[object Object]
S,[object Object],TONEBALUSTERS,[object Object]
Different materials that are used in a stairs  and ,[object Object], there benefits?,[object Object],TIMBER – Gives design flexibility, it is lightweight and easy to install.,[object Object],GLASS – Gives an openness and a clean airy feel to a room that other materials just don’t provide.,[object Object],STAINLESS STEEL – Is used for handrails and balustrade. It is easy to keep clean and is non-corrosive so it doesn’t rust.,[object Object],STEEL – Hardwearing and incredible strength. This allows you to increase the span and length of the stair and makes it great for commercial stairs that are exposed to high traffic.,[object Object],STONE –  Marble stairs can have creative inlayed geometric or floral patterns and can also be carve into vertical slabs or tiles, granite gives a rich shiny look, sandstone provides a more rustic feel. One can choose different stones in combination as per tastes, needs and the décor of the surrounding area.,[object Object]
STAIRCASE LIGHTING,[object Object],Stairway Lighting  is required, with light switches at top and bottom of the stairway if the stairs encompass more than three stair treads (Canada) or six stair treads (U.S.).,[object Object],List of Common Stair Lighting Defects,[object Object],[object Object],    photo at left),[object Object],[object Object]
   Stair light switches not properly located (wrong height)
   Stair lights burned out, damaged, not working
   Stair or landing lighting too dim - insufficient lumens,[object Object]
   Winder steps
   Hang on
   It’s a long way to the top
   Stair generosity
   Plan. plan, plan
   Dimensions
   Check with the experts
   Continuous handrail
   Riser positions, the size of handrails
   Finishing the job,[object Object]

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  • 37. Stair generosity
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  • 40. Check with the experts
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