Preparing a Speech: Outline

Preparing a
Speech: A
Process Outline

Components of a Speech

Steps of Preparing a Speech

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Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Components of a Speech

Components of a Speech
• Introduction
• Body
• Conclusion
• Transitions

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Introduction
• [[fig:9146]] Your introduction should immediately capture your audience's attention
and interest.
• Introduce yourself and who you are in your introduction to establish your
credibility and authority to be speaking on your given subject.
• Your introduction should give your audience a preview of what they can expect to
hear for the duration of your speech.
• When preparing your speech, it's actually easier to write your introduction last,
after you have written the rest of your speech.
President William Howard Taft introducing the
Springfield Municipal Group in Springfield,
Massachusetts
View on Boundless.com

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Body
• Organize your thoughts into a cohesive, logical flow of ideas.
• Each main point of your speech should support your speech's purpose.
• Use a variety of examples to illustrate the main points of your speech, from
research, facts and figures, to personal anecdotes and references.
• Don't be afraid to let your personality come through; know your audience and
tailor your approach accordingly. The body of your speech should be creative and
engaging.
• Don't stray too far from your outline; you will quickly lose your audience's interest

if you begin wandering off topic into points or anecdotes that don't support your

Use the body of your speech to go into detail
about your main points.

speech's purpose or objective. You don't want to appear disorganized or sound


overly verbose.

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Conclusion
• Use your conclusion as an opportunity to summarize the main points of your
speech.
• Don't repeat your main points word for word; rather, paraphrase the key themes
and arguments you have just presented.
• Consider ending your speech with an additional anecdote or quotation that
captures the theme of your speech.
• Don't introduce any new points or supportive evidence into your conclusion as it
will confuse your audience.

• Use trigger phrases such as "in conclusion" or "in summary" to prepare your
audience for the end of your speech.
• Write your conclusion at the same time as the introduction (after you write the

The conclusion of your speech summarizes your
main points and purpose while leaving a lasting
impression with your audience.

body) so that the introduction and conclusion complement one another.

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Transitions
• Transitions are used to show the linkage or connection between main points.
• Types of transitions include temporal, equality, causality, compare and contrast,
and summary.
• After you determine the main points of your speech, order them logically and then
determine how you will transition from one point to the next.

Your speech should flow logically and smoothly
from one point to the next.

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Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline > Steps of Preparing a Speech

Steps of Preparing a Speech
• Choosing a Topic
• Analyzing the Who, Why, and Where
• Topic Research: Gathering Materials and Evidence
• Developing Your Thesis
• Supporting Your Ideas
• Organizing and Outlining the Speech
• Wording the Speech
• Preparing to Present
• Delivering the Speech

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Choosing a Topic
• Before you can begin writing your speech, you must first establish the main topic
about which you plan to speak.
• Brainstorm early and often! You can try a variety of techniques to get your mental
juices flowing, from clustering to free writing. Even just talking through your ideas
with another person as a sounding board is a great way to get ideas.
• Once you start to get an idea of your topic, do a little preliminary research. See
what others may have written or said about your general topic; reading their ideas
may help give you some new ideas or directions of your own.
Clustering

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Analyzing the Who, Why, and Where
• Take into account the demographics of your audience: gender, age, industry, the
event at which you're speaking, common interests, culture and ethnicity, and how
much they already may or may not know about your speech topic.
• Never stereotype your audience based on any of their demographics.
• Be mindful of gestures, colloquialisms, idioms, or other ethnocentric
expressions (slang, mannerisms, etc.) you might make during your speech. It's
important to recognize what is accepted in one culture may be offensive in
another.
Audience waiting for a show to begin.

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Topic Research: Gathering Materials and Evidence
• Make sure you find credible sources of information, whether they be from
scholarly sources that have been peer-reviewed, or irrefutable facts.
• There are many places you can go to research; while the internet might seem like
the easiest place to find information, you always want to double check to make
sure those sources are accurate and credible.
• Don't use research that might be outdated, particularly with regard to scientific or
technological advances.
• Make sure you acknowledge your sources. You may not directly reference them

in your speech, but if questioned afterward, you'll want to know from where you

Student researching.

found your information.


• Never copy information word for word and claim it as your own; this is plagiarism
and erodes the ethical integrity of you, your speech, and your reputation.

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Developing Your Thesis
• The main argument of your speech is your thesis statement: what case are you
trying to make?
• If you are arguing for or against a certain idea, belief or topic, you must provide
compelling evidence to support your position.
• When crafting your thesis statement, consider potential arguments, questions, or
concerns someone with an opposing viewpoint may have. This process helps you
develop a more robust thesis.

Painting depicting a lecture in a knight academy.

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Supporting Your Ideas
• Set the stage for how you plan to address your argument and make your case by
laying out the exposition of your argument.
• Appeal to your audience's core beliefs, goals or common interests to influence
your audience by persuasion.
• If you are speaking to a sympathetic crowd, consider influencing your audience by
suggestion or popular sentiment on your given topic.
• Use personal narratives and anecdotes to make your case if appropriate to your
audience, topic, and speech venue.

• If your idea is complex, consider breaking it down into simpler parts to more
thoroughly and easily describe your idea. Help your audience to visualize your

Preparing supporting ideas and materials

points by articulately describing them.

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Organizing and Outlining the Speech
• To organize your thoughts, consider giving each point or supporting evidence its
own note card. Begin to arrange them according to importance and your main
points will begin to emerge.
• Outlines typically begin with your thesis and end with any concluding thoughts.
• Depending on your topic or thesis, arranging your points chronologically is an
effective way to establish a timeline of your argument.
• If giving an informational speech, you might describe your subject as parts of an
object, outlining each part or section.

• You can move from broad points to specific points, or vice versa, depending on
the effect you are trying to achieve and the argument you are trying to make.

Arranging notes and research to form an outline

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Wording the Speech
• Use the ABC approach to begin your first draft. The Abstract explains your thesis.
The Body features your main points and supporting evidence. The Conclusion
contains your final thoughts and reiterates your point.
• Make sure to have all of your notes and research close by and easily accessible
so you can turn to your sources as often as you need to while your draft your
speech.
• Editing and revising are not the same thing. To edit, review your speech for
changes. To revise, actually implement those changes. Editing and revising are
cyclical in nature as you continue to hone your draft.
• If on your first draft you find yourself going off on a tangent, allow yourself to

Handwritten speech notes by President Ronald
Reagan

follow it. You can always edit, revise and remove sections later that are wordy or
off-topic.
• Writer's block can happen to even the best writers. Take a break for a few
minutes and come back to your speech renewed and refreshed. But don't stay

away too long or you might lose your momentum.

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Preparing to Present
• Determine how you will present your speech: will you read it verbatim, memorize
it, or read from an outline of notes?
• Reading verbatim has both its positives and negatives. On the plus side, you'll
have your entire speech written out in front of you; however, these types of
speeches tend to feel a bit stilted to audience members.
• Memorizing your speech can seem like a weighty task, but it allows you to retain
all of your key points and wording while still appearing natural and effortless to
your audience. It frees you from having to read right off of a manuscript.

• When speaking extemporaneously, you can have a rough outline of your notes.
You might have this on a single sheet or perhaps across several notecards. In

A student rehearses his speech.

either case, these serve as reminders about your topic, your points and in what
order they should be shared.
• If you're nervous about presenting in front of a group of people for the first time,
work out your nerves by asking a small group of friends or colleagues to be your

test audience. Your test audience can give you immediate feedback on what you
did well and how you could improve.
• Ever wonder what you look like while giving a speech? Practice in front of a
mirror, or better yet: record yourself. You'll be able to see if you have any
unconscious gestures or habits that you can correct or prevent as you feel them
happening.

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Delivering the Speech
• Make sure you dress to impress. While some speeches may be delivered in a
casual setting, you want to make sure you're wearing clothing appropriate to the
dress code of your event.
• Be aware of your body language. A closed body position (arms crossed,
shoulders hunched) and lack of eye contact will make it extremely difficult for your
audience to engage with you.
• Engage your audience by making eye contact with them. If making eye contact
wigs you out, you can always look just above their heads to give the same effect.

• Stand up straight, remember to breathe, and limit your "um"s, "uh"s, and "like"s.
Use whole phrases like "should have" instead of "shoulda." Avoid slang or

A woman delivers a speech at a TEDx event.

profanity.
• Have a backup plan in case equipment fails for things such as visual aids,
PowerPoint presentations, or teleprompters.

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Appendix

Preparing a Speech: A Process Outline

Key terms
• abstract Difficult to understand; abstruse. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• anecdote An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis.

(CC BY-SA

3.0)

• anecdote An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis.

(CC BY-SA

3.0)

• audience A group of people within hearing; specifically a group of people listening to a performance, speech etc.; the crowd
seeing a stage performance. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• body language Body language is a form of mental and physical ability of human non-verbal communication. It consists of body
posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals almost entirely
subconsciously. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• brainstorming A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a group contribute ideas spontaneously.

(CC BY-SA 3.0)

• brainstorming A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a group contribute ideas spontaneously.

(CC BY-SA 3.0)

• chronological In order of time from the earliest to the latest (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• demographic A demographic criterion: a characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes, such as age, race, or
gender. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• distill To extract the essence of; concentrate; purify. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• eloquence The quality of artistry and persuasiveness in speech or writing.

(CC BY-SA 3.0)

• ethnocentrism The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture.

(CC BY-SA 3.0)



• exposition The act of declaring or describing something through either speech or writing. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• extemporaneous A type of speech delivery which involves preparation of speaker notes prior to delivery, associated with
conversational style of delivery. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• plagiarism The act of plagiarizing: the copying of another person's ideas, text or other creative work, and presenting it as one's
own, especially without permission. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• rebut To deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it.

(CC BY-SA 3.0)

• segue To make a smooth transition from one theme to another. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• stereotype A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• summarize To give a recapitulation of the salient facts; to recapitulate or review

(CC BY-SA 3.0)

• thesis A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to three sentences long.

(CC BY-SA 3.0)

• thesis statement A thesis statement summarizes a speech's argument in one to three sentences. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• topic Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• transition The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to another. (CC BY-SA 3.0)
• verbatim A word-for-word report of a speech. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



• writer's block The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing; normally temporary. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



President William Howard Taft introducing the Springfield Municipal Group in Springfield, Massachusetts

Wikimedia. "President William Howard Taft introducing the Springfield Municipal Group in Springfield, Massachusetts." CC BY-SA
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:President_William_Howard_Taft_introducing_the_Springfield_Municipal_Group_in_Springfield,_Massachusetts.jpg View on


Your introduction will set the tone for the rest of your speech.

Wikimedia. "Aziza brahim & memona mohamed." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aziza_brahim_%2526_memona_mohamed.jpg View on
Boundless.com


Use the body of your speech to go into detail about your main points.

Wikimedia. "US Navy 040605-N-6633C-002 Commander Naval Reserve Force, Vice Adm. John G. Cotton, is silhouetted in front of a Powerpoint slide mapping out
the Naval Reserve Force's future." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_040605-N-6633C-


The conclusion of your speech summarizes your main points and purpose while leaving a lasting impression
with your audience.

Wikimedia. "Conclusion of a Presentation at Wiki Conference India." CC BY-SA
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conclusion_of_a_Presentation_at_Wiki_Conference_India.JPG View on Boundless.com


Your speech should flow logically and smoothly from one point to the next.

Wikimedia. "Tuvalu woman speaking on the climate threat her culture and nation face." CC BY-SA
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tuvalu_woman_speaking_on_the_climate_threat_her_culture_and_nation_face.jpg View on Boundless.com


Clustering

Wikibooks. "Cluster Example." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Cluster_Example.png View on Boundless.com


Audience waiting for a show to begin.

Flickr. "Audience at Humanities Theatre | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY-SA http://www.flickr.com/photos/batmoo/3734839253/ View on Boundless.com


Student researching.

Flickr. "Sign in to Yahoo." CC BY-SA http://www.flickr.com/photos/hermes-/2037061305/ View on Boundless.com


Painting depicting a lecture in a knight academy.

Wikipedia. "Knight academy lecture (Rosenborg Palace)." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Knight_academy_lecture_(Rosenborg_Palace).jpg View
on Boundless.com


Preparing supporting ideas and materials

Flickr. "Presentations Tell a Story | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/intelfreepress/6629590597/ View on Boundless.com


Arranging notes and research to form an outline

Flickr. "Outline:19 minutes to write | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/jessicamullen/4116745087/ View on Boundless.com


Handwritten speech notes by President Ronald Reagan

Flickr. "Ronald Reagan's hand-written speech | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/bensutherland/3380805851/ View on Boundless.com


A student rehearses his speech.

Flickr. "DSC_3534 | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/rzganoza/3792457750/ View on Boundless.com


A woman delivers a speech at a TEDx event.

Flickr. "TED-talks-Somerville-2012-0086 | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/tedxsomerville/6820606364/ View on Boundless.com


An account or story which supports an argument, but which is not
supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A) A demonstration

B) An example

C) An anecdote

D) A testimonial



A) A demonstration

B) An example

C) An anecdote

D) A testimonial

Wiktionary. "anecdote." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anecdote


To establish your credibility and authority, as well as set the tone
during a speech, you should first ________
A) introduce yourself and why you are the appropriate individual to speak
on your given subject.

B) go into detail about your main points.

C) summarize your main points.

D) deliver compelling evidence to support your primary argument.



To establish your credibility and authority, as well as set the tone
during a speech, you should first ________
A) introduce yourself and why you are the appropriate individual to speak
on your given subject.

B) go into detail about your main points.

C) summarize your main points.

D) deliver compelling evidence to support your primary argument.

Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/


A method of problem solving in which individuals or members of a
group contribute ideas spontaneously.
A) brainstorming

B) segue

C) reiterate

D) transition



A) brainstorming

B) segue

C) reiterate

D) transition

Wiktionary. "brainstorming." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brainstorming


A) verbatim

B) extemporaneous

C) chronological

D) brainstorming



A) topic

B) brainstorming

C) narrow

D) scope



If the purpose of a speaker's main points is to entertain the
audience, which of the following should he or she include in the
body?
A) Data, statistics and research

B) Anecdotes and personal stories

C) A combination of research and media

D) Videos, charts, or images



The conclusion of a speech serves as a bookend to the speech's
body, and therefore should be written
A) before the body.

B) after the introduction.

C) after the body.

D) before the introduction.



To end the speech on a high note, and ensure the audience
remembers the main points of the presentation, the speaker
should share
A) a quote or anecdote.

B) a theme or concept.

C) a fact.

D) a statistic.



To give a recapitulation of the salient facts; to recapitulate or
review
A) audience

B) segue

C) summarize

D) transition



To give a recapitulation of the salient facts; to recapitulate or
review
A) audience

B) segue

C) summarize

D) transition

Wiktionary. "summarize." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/summarize


To make a smooth transition from one theme to another.

A) audience

B) anecdote

C) reiterate

D) segue



To make a smooth transition from one theme to another.

A) audience

B) anecdote

C) reiterate

D) segue

Wiktionary. "segue." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/segue


The process of change from one form, state, style, or place to
another.
A) audience

B) brainstorming

C) reiterate

D) transition



another.
A) audience

B) brainstorming

C) reiterate

D) transition

Wiktionary. "transition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transition


another.
A) body language

B) sentence outline

C) transition

D) detour



another.
A) informative speech

B) wisdom

C) transition

D) topic outline



another.
A) anecdote

B) detour

C) transition

D) draft



another.
A) anecdote

B) body language

C) transition

D) commemorative speech



Which of the following transitions are used to highlight similar
points in the speech using words including "like", "in addition", and
"moreover"?
A) Equality transitions

B) Causality transitions

C) Introductions and summaries

D) Temporal transitions



A student is asked to give a 5-minute persuasive speech to his
classmates. When he presents a critique his girlfriend’s intimate
anatomy, he has all of his classmates laughing so much that only
the instructor notices the speech was almost twice its assigned
length. Which constraint on topic selection was the only one the
speaker did NOT ignore?
A) Purpose

B) Context

C) Audience

D) Time frame



A student is asked to give a 5-minute persuasive speech to his
classmates. When he presents a critique his girlfriend’s intimate
anatomy, he has all of his classmates laughing so much that only
the instructor notices the speech was almost twice its assigned
length. Which constraint on topic selection was the only one the
speaker did NOT ignore?
A) Purpose

B) Context

C) Audience

D) Time frame
Saylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/


Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.

A) brainstorming

B) expert

C) choose

D) topic




A) brainstorming

B) expert

C) choose

D) topic

Wiktionary. "topic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topic


A) segue

B) reiterate

C) brainstorming

D) transition




A) anecdote

B) topic

C) credibility

D) introduction




A) topic

B) brainstorming

C) expert

D) knowledge



A) brainstorming

B) topic

C) narrow

D) scope




A) thesis

B) ethnocentrism

C) writer's block

D) topic



To extract the essence of; concentrate; purify.

A) anecdote

B) distill

C) chronological

D) body language



To extract the essence of; concentrate; purify.

A) anecdote

B) distill

C) chronological

D) body language

Wiktionary. "distill." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/distill


A) brainstorming

B) verbatim

C) extemporaneous

D) chronological



After brainstorming one or multiple topics, speech writers should
move on to which of the following steps?
A) Research what other writers have said about the topic.

B) Develop the thesis or argument of the speech.

C) Refine and synthesize the ideas into one topic.

D) Write associated ideas, topics, or subcategories related to that main
topic.



A _______ criterion: a characteristic used to classify people for
statistical purposes, such as age, race, or gender.
A) demographic

B) channel

C) message

D) noise



A _______ criterion: a characteristic used to classify people for
statistical purposes, such as age, race, or gender.
A) demographic

B) channel

C) message

D) noise

Wiktionary. "demographic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demographic


Writers should consider which of the following factors when
tailoring their speech toward a specific audience?
A) All of these answers

B) Gender and age

C) Cultural background and/or ethnicity

D) Speaker gestures and mannerisms



A characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes,
such as age, race, or gender.
A) Demographic

B) Psychographic

C) Firmographic

D) Geodemography



A characteristic used to classify people for statistical purposes,
such as age, race, or gender.
A) Demographic

B) Psychographic

C) Firmographic

D) Geodemography

Wiktionary. "demographic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demographic


The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of
one's own culture.
A) plagiarism

B) thesis statement

C) ethnocentrism

D) abstract



The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of
one's own culture.
A) plagiarism

B) thesis statement

C) ethnocentrism

D) abstract

Wiktionary. "ethnocentrism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ethnocentrism


A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion,
or image.
A) plagiarism

B) stereotype

C) thesis statement

D) eloquence



A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion,
or image.
A) plagiarism

B) stereotype

C) thesis statement

D) eloquence

Wiktionary. "stereotype." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stereotype


Speech writers can ensure they are using credible sources to
back up their claims by drawing upon sources such as
A) tabloid newspapers.

B) scholarly journals.

C) Internet blogs.

D) word-of-mouth.



The act of plagiarizing: the copying of another person's ideas, text
or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially
without permission.
A) ethics

B) ethical

C) plagiarism

D) recuse



without permission.
A) ethics

B) ethical

C) plagiarism

D) recuse

Wiktionary. "plagiarism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plagiarism


without permission.
A) ethics

B) open-minded

C) plagiarism

D) ethical



without permission.
A) anecdote

B) thesis

C) plagiarism

D) ethnocentrism



When used for developing the contents of a speech, what does
the word support refer to?
A) A type of evidence that is used to persuade

B) The use of credible, reliable, reputable sources

C) The application of timely and relevant empirical data

D) A range of strategies that reinforce a central idea



When used for developing the contents of a speech, what does
the word support refer to?
A) A type of evidence that is used to persuade

B) The use of credible, reliable, reputable sources

C) The application of timely and relevant empirical data

D) A range of strategies that reinforce a central idea

Saylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/


A _______ summarizes a speech's argument in one to three
sentences.
A) thesis

B) writer's block

C) distill

D) thesis statement



A _______ summarizes a speech's argument in one to three
sentences.
A) thesis

B) writer's block

C) distill

D) thesis statement

Wikipedia. "thesis statement." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/thesis+statement


To deny the truth of something, especially by presenting
arguments that disprove it.
A) brainstorming

B) thesis

C) rebut

D) body language



To deny the truth of something, especially by presenting
arguments that disprove it.
A) brainstorming

B) thesis

C) rebut

D) body language

Wiktionary. "rebut." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rebut


The thesis statement should be presented at which point of the
speech?
A) In the introduction

B) In the body

C) At the conclusion

D) Throughout the speech



The act of declaring or describing something through either
speech or writing.
A) verbatim

B) topic

C) exposition

D) stereotype



The act of declaring or describing something through either
speech or writing.
A) verbatim

B) topic

C) exposition

D) stereotype

Wiktionary. "exposition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exposition


A) segue

B) anecdote

C) brainstorming

D) transition



A) anecdote

B) topic

C) credibility

D) introduction



A) scientific evidence

B) anecdote

C) comprehendible

D) Median



A) An anecdote

B) A demonstration

C) An example

D) A testimonial



Speech writers who adopt an expository approach when
supporting claims in a speech allow speakers to
A) break down the main argument into simple parts that are easy for the
audience to understand.
B) tell a story or anecdote that makes the speaker personable and
believable.
C) show the similarities between the audience and topic, and the
presenter and audience.
D) present all of the background information the audience needs to know
to understand the main argument.



Organizing a speech thesis into smaller, logical steps to build
toward a larger, more complex idea helps strengthen
A) the speech's conclusion.

B) the speech's introduction

C) the speech's supporting evidence.

D) the thesis' main argument.



A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to
three sentences long.
A) plagiarism

B) thesis

C) stereotype

D) eloquence



A) plagiarism

B) thesis

C) stereotype

D) eloquence

Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis


In order of time from the earliest to the latest

A) plagiarism

B) exposition

C) chronological

D) eloquence



In order of time from the earliest to the latest

A) plagiarism

B) exposition

C) chronological

D) eloquence

Wiktionary. "chronological." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chronological


A) anecdote

B) credibility

C) introduction

D) thesis



A) anecdote

B) credibility

C) introduction

D) thesis

Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis


A) purpose

B) thesis

C) specific

D) general



A) purpose

B) thesis

C) specific

D) general

Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/thesis


Difficult to understand; abstruse.

A) abstract

B) extemporaneous

C) demographic

D) stereotype




A) abstract

B) extemporaneous

C) demographic

D) stereotype

Wiktionary. "abstract." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstract


The quality of artistry and persuasiveness in speech or writing.

A) anecdote

B) topic

C) eloquence

D) stereotype



The quality of artistry and persuasiveness in speech or writing.

A) anecdote

B) topic

C) eloquence

D) stereotype

Wiktionary. "eloquence." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eloquence



A) direct

B) abstract

C) objectivity

D) orality




A) direct

B) abstract

C) objectivity

D) orality

Wiktionary. "abstract." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstract


The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing;
normally temporary.
A) anecdote

B) brainstorming

C) ethnocentrism

D) writer's block



The inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing;
normally temporary.
A) anecdote

B) brainstorming

C) ethnocentrism

D) writer's block

Wiktionary. "writer's block." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/writer's+block


Which of the following examples best describes the editing
process?
A) Developing substantive claims to support and argue the speech's
thesis

B) Connecting the main points in the conclusion

C) Introducing a summary of the subject and main thesis

D) Rewriting awkward phrasing or parts throughout the speech



Which of the following is the most important consideration when
choosing between a sentence outline and note cards for
delivering your speech?
A) If you use a sentence outline, you will end up reading to your audience
rather than speaking to them.
B) If you use note cards, you will have more eye contact with your
audience.
C) If you use note cards, you will not be able to put a lot of information on
them.
D) If you use a sentence outline, you will have a safety net if you forget
what you need to say.



Which of the following is the most important consideration when
choosing between a sentence outline and note cards for
delivering your speech?
A) If you use a sentence outline, you will end up reading to your audience
rather than speaking to them.
B) If you use note cards, you will have more eye contact with your
audience.
C) If you use note cards, you will not be able to put a lot of information on
them.
D) If you use a sentence outline, you will have a safety net if you forget
what you need to say.

Saylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0
http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/


A type of speech delivery which involves preparation of speaker
notes prior to delivery, associated with conversational style of
delivery.
A) impromptu

B) Proclamation

C) extemporaneous

D) teleprompter



delivery.
A) impromptu

B) Proclamation

C) extemporaneous

D) teleprompter

Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/extemporaneous


delivery.
A) extemporaneous

B) ethnocentrism

C) thesis statement

D) chronological



A word-for-word report of a speech.

A) thesis

B) writer's block

C) body language

D) verbatim




A) thesis

B) writer's block

C) body language

D) verbatim

Wiktionary. "verbatim." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verbatim



A) Detract

B) verbatim

C) calcium sulfate

D) Flash




A) Detract

B) verbatim

C) calcium sulfate

D) Flash

Wiktionary. "verbatim." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verbatim


To overcome nervousness before delivering a speech, speakers
should do which of the following?
A) All of the answers.

B) Reread the speech repeatedly

C) Practice the speech in front of friends or colleagues

D) Ask for feedback before delivering the final speech



Which of the following represents the best way to convert the
statements from a sentence outline about electric cars into
speaking notes? 1. Electric cars protect the environment by
reducing the need to drill for oil in environmentally sensitive
regions. 2. Electric cars help protect the earth by reducing carbon
emissions that contribute to global warming.
A) Environment benefits - reduces drilling, carbon emissions

B) Electric car benefits - protect environment, protect earth

C) Benefits sensitive regions, lessens global warming

D) Electric cars benefit the environment.



Which of the following represents the best way to convert the
statements from a sentence outline about electric cars into
speaking notes? 1. Electric cars protect the environment by
reducing the need to drill for oil in environmentally sensitive
regions. 2. Electric cars help protect the earth by reducing carbon
emissions that contribute to global warming.
A) Environment benefits - reduces drilling, carbon emissions

B) Electric car benefits - protect environment, protect earth

C) Benefits sensitive regions, lessens global warming

D) Electric cars benefit the environment.
Saylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0
http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/


delivery.
A) extemporaneous

B) impromptu

C) mind map

D) concept map



When speaking, presenters should make sure to do which of the
following?
A) Avoid eye contact with the audience.

B) Choose a spot in the room and remain there for the duration of the
speech.

C) Use silence rather than fillers during pauses in the speech.

D) Ask audience members to hold applause until the end of the
presentation.



_______ is a form of mental and physical ability of human nonverbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures,
facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and
interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously.
A) transition

B) body language

C) textual cue

D) detour



A) transition

B) body language

C) textual cue

D) detour

Wikipedia. "body language." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/body+language


A) body language

B) brainstorming

C) abstract

D) stereotype



A) body language

B) brainstorming

C) abstract

D) stereotype

Wikipedia. "body language." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/body+language


Attribution
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations
• Wikipedia. "Speechwriter." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speechwriter
• Wikipedia. "Public speaking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking

• Wikipedia. "Speech (public address)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_(public_address)#General
• Wikipedia. "Public speaking." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking
• Connexions. "Open Course Library: Public Speaking." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m41423/latest/
• Wikibooks. "Survey of Communication Study/Chapter 5 - Communication Theory." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_5_-_Communication_Theory
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Teacher's Handbook/Teaching Oral Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Teacher%2527s_Handbook/Teaching_Oral_Presentations
• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations
• Connexions. "Open Course Library: Public Speaking." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m41423/latest/
• Wikibooks. "Getting Started as an Entrepreneur/Plan/Presenting Your Plan." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Getting_Started_as_an_Entrepreneur/Plan/Presenting_Your_Plan
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations
• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Presentations." Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Don.E2.80.99t_Forget_About_Your_Conclusio


• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18095/18095-h/18095-h.htm
• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16317/16317-h/16317-h.htm#CHAPTER_XVIII
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Planning and Prewriting." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Planning_and_Prewriting
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/The Stages of the Writing Process." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/The_Stages_of_the_Writing_Process
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Who_is_Your_Audience.3F
• Wikipedia. "Technical communication." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_communication
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Researching." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Researching
• Project Gutenberg. Public domain http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16317/16317-h/16317-h.htm#CHAPTER_XIX
• Wikibooks. "Professional and Technical Writing/Rhetoric/Purpose." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Rhetoric/Purpose
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Writing in the Humanities." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Writing_in_the_Humanities#Thesis_Statement
• Wikibooks. "Survey of Communication Study/Chapter 7 - Rhetorical Criticism." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_7_-_Rhetorical_Criticism#Public_Address

• Wikipedia. "Thesis statement." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis_statement
• Wikibooks. "Survey of Communication Study/Chapter 7 - Rhetorical Criticism." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_7__Rhetorical_Criticism#Understanding_Rhetorical_Criticism



• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Planning and Prewriting." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Planning_and_Prewriting
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Drafting." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Drafting
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Editing." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Editing
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#How_Will_You_Start_Your_Introduction.3F
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Choosing_the_Type_of_Oral_Delivery

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations#Do.27s_and_Don.27ts
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Presentations#Choosing_the_Type_of_Oral_Delivery
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Oral_Presentations#Do.27s_and_Don.27ts


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