1. Foundation Of Human Society
(Introductory Anthropology and general Sociology)
“DEVIANCE”
Kate S. Magpo

2. • Sociologists view that the violation of cultural
norms is embedded in the society. Deviance is
not the result of a person’ falling in free choice.
• Deviance occurs only in relation to cultural
norms that people become deviant because
others called them as deviant. Society greatly
influences the ways norms and events are
defined.

3. 1. BIOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW OF DEVIANCE
• Biological theories of deviance have limited view
on the causes of deviance. One of the theories of
Cesar Lombroso is that criminals are physically
distinctive from non criminals.
• Charles Goring found out in his research that
there were no significant physical differences
among them.
• In 1900, William Sheldon found out that there
was association between criminal or
mesomorphic or athletic body structure.

4. • Gluecks’s research conclude that there was
association between mesomorphic body
structure and crime.
• They suggest that this body type was related to
personal characteristics like insensitivity which
was link to criminal behavior.

5. 2. PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTAINMENT THEORY
• Psychological theory of deviance focuses on
personality abnormalities. Both heredity and
socialization are the key factors in psychological
explanation of deviance.
• Containment theory views that juvenile
delinquency is a result of social pressures to
commit deviant acts because of the absence of
moral values and positive self image.

6. 3. STRUCTURAL- FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
• This approach focuses on the functions that
deviance performs for society. Emile Durkheim
noted that deviance has (4) four principal functions.
- First, difference between what is morally right
from what I considered morally wrong.
- Second, when society reacts to deviance.
- Third, deviance promotes social unity when
members of certain society react to it.
- Lastly, it courage social change by having different
alternative to existing values and norms.

7. 4. LABELING THEORY/
SYMBOLIC-INTERACTION ANALYSIS
• Is a process by which a person or an event is labeled
deviant. Deviance is the reaction of people to an act
or a person they perceived as deviant. According to
Edwin Lemert, there are two concepts of deviance;
primary and secondary.
*Primary Deviance – refers to an activity when it is
called as defiant.
*Secondary Deviance – refers to an actual behavior
enacted to fulfill the concept of deviant that has
been applied and that makes it identified as deviant
(Maciones, 1989).

8. 5. MERTON’S STRAIN THEORY
• According to Merton, crime and other types of
deviance are encouraged by everyday events in a
society.
• When an individual is successful in pursuing his
goal and the society approved it, conformity
occurs.
3 Types Of Merton’s Strain Theory
A. Innovators
B. Rebels
C. Ritualists

9. 6. SOCIAL CONFLICT THEORY
A. The rich and the powerful in the society are able to
insists deviant label.
B. The norms and the laws of society protected the
interests of the rich and powerful.
C. The laws are unfair and little concern is made.
• Splitzer says that the problem population is those
that appear to thereafter capitalism might be label
as deviant. Two kinds of problem population.
1. Social Junk – harmless and consists of aged-
retreatists.
2. Social dynamite- unemployed and alienated youth.

10. Types Deviance Behavior
1. Infringement or Violation against Self
Examples: drug abuse, suicide, alcoholism, smoking,
beggary, illegal gambling, prostitution, runaway and
psychological abortions.
2. Violation of Life, Property, Liberty and State
Examples: vandalism, abortion, juvenile delinquency,
wife battering, graft and corruption, rebellion,
piracy, coup’d etat, organized crime and syndicate.
3. Violation against Sex and Laws
Examples: homosexuality, sexual harassment, white
slavery, live in relationships, rape and sex
transplant.

11. • Social control can be classified as formal and
informal.
Examples of Informal Control are praise,
favorable and favorable.
Examples of Formal Social Control
1. Church or religious group approval – promise
of salvation and penance.
2. Government approval – they are in the form of
criminal law, civil service rules and regulation.
3. Business group approval - such as bonuses,
certificate of merit, awards, expulsion and
suspension.

12. Thank you
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