Structure-metric method FOR PREDICTIVE ESTIMATION of NATURAL RESOURCES

Research Company offers performing forecast and estimation of presence
of hydrocarbon fields by structurometric method. Structurometric
method requires no field trips and provides significant time saving.
Forecasts developed by structurometric method, in comparison with
conventional exploration activities 3 times are more exact, by 1-2 orders
more efficient, environment remains undisturbed.
Root-mean-square errors of definition of deposit depths and thickness of
oil and gas formation according to numerous test wells do not exceed 4-5
% (at depths up to 4000 m.). There can be discovered productive
formations at depths of 7 km and more, and also on a shelf at sea depth
up to 450 m.
This method can be used rather productively by investors with the
purpose of predictive estimations of resources of licensed sites and areas
offered for right of land tenure.

SEQUENCE of RESEARCHESSEQUENCE of RESEARCHES
А. Predictive zoning.
Report is a skeleton map of general predictive estimate of minerals (oil and gas potential,
ore minerals, water storage, construction materials) of the study area in scale 1:100000 (or
1:500 000) with drawing boundary and preliminary forecast of general sizes of all probable
reserves for all specified subdistricts of the study territory.

B. Defining perspective mineral deposits
Report is a skeleton forecast map for areas of mineral bedding in scale 1:500 000 (1:200
000) with characteristic for each perspective deposit:
- deposition areas,
- net thickness of productive formations,
- reservoir volumes.

C. Mediumscale predictive estimation and quantitative characteristics of
mineral deposits.
Report -documents are a skeleton map of specified predictive estimations
of minerals structures in scale 1:200 000 (1:100 000), text explanatories
and tables.
Productive formations serve as objects of predictive modelling and
mappings. For each productive formation there created skeleton maps:
- absolute deposit depth of productive formation roof;
- net thickness of formation.
Besides, there created a summary geologic profile showing absolute
depths and net thickness of each productive formation.
Scale and general number of skeleton maps made for each structure or a
licensed site, depend on the area of mineral deposits and number of
productive formations.

D. Large-scale predictive estimation and quantitative characteristic of
hydrocarbons fields

Report documents are detailed maps of predictive estimations of structures
perspective for mining operations (scale 1:10 000 - 1:50 000), and also
geologic profiles. These maps, profiles, texts and tables give the specified
predictive characteristic of separate, most perspective sites of the discovered
structures, corresponding by the contents to results of works on 3-rd stage
In addition, in coordination with customers there created maps and tables
giving an estimation of different variants of planning of sufficient minimum
of seismic works and an estimation of different variants of location of
boreholes, prospecting shafts, grooves

Stages of works.
The 1 stage. Collection and preliminary analysis of initial data.

1.1. Purchase of overview and detailed digital space photos of a region
(«LANDSAT»), («КАFА-1000»).
1.2. Preliminary visual decoding of overview and detailed space photos.
1.3. Preliminary analysis of literary and fund cartographical and geological-
geophysical data on area and the nearest holes drilled for oil and gas.

The 2 stage. Preparatory mathematical structurometric modelling and
predictive interpretation of complex of geological-geophysical data on the key
wells and space photo.

Digital image obtained from a spacecraft of series " LANDSAT " with resolution
of 40 m (658x475 pixel) in 3 zones is used.

2.1. Preliminary gradational and structurometric correction of an image field.
2.2. Definition of a background grid of abnormal structures.
2.3. Planar filtration of the abnormal structural image with purpose of revealing
sings of hydrocarbon fields at depth from 2 up to 5 km.
2.4. Formation of a primary 3-dimensional matrix of anomalies of hydrocarbon
content in the size 312 thousand pixel (in area extend) х 100 pixel (in profile
depth).

The 3 stage. Computer structurometric modelling and predictive
interpretation of characteristics of the top and bottom productive
formations.
It is carried out by results of previous stage of modelling stated in the item 2. It
includes processing of the 3-dimensional matrix in the size 312.5x3 thousand
pixel (in area extent) х 100 pixel (in profile depth)

3.1. Predictive computer modelling of thickness of the top and bottom
productive formation
3.2. Predictive modelling of depth of the top and bottom productive formation
3.3. Predictive modelling of porosity of the top and bottom productive
formation
3.4. Predictive modelling of permeability of the top and bottom productive
formation

The 4 stage. Digital mapping results of computer structurometric
modelling and predictive interpretations of characteristics of the top
productive formation.

It is carried out by results of the mathematical processing stated in the
item 3. Raster images in the size 17 thousand pixel was converted to vector
model in the size 32.9x23.7 cm (7.8 sq.dm) within the program
« Surfer 8.04».

4.1. Creation of a digital cartographical basis of scale 1:80 000. It is
performed by scanning a topographical map and adding results of thematic
decoding of space image to its contents.
4.2. Creation of digital maps of thickness of the top and bottom productive
formations.
4.3. Creation of digital maps of depth of the top and bottom productive
formations. 4.4. Creation of digital maps of porosity of the top and bottom
productive formations. 4.5. Creation of digital maps of permeability of the
top and bottom productive formations.

The 5 stage. Analysis of the maps made. Specification of the program of
subsequent structurometric and cartographical works.

The 6 stage. Carrying out of the second stage of mathematical
structurometric modelling with use of complex of geological-geophysical data
by the key wells and computer decoding of space photo obtained by means of
the camera КАFА-1000 with resolution 20 m – 183.8 thousand pixel in
3 zones:
6.1. Preliminary gradational and structurometric correction of an image field.
6.2. Definition of a background grid of abnormal structures.
6.3. Planar filtration of the abnormal structural image with purpose of revealing
signs of hydrocarbon fields at depths from 2 up to 4 km.
6.4. Formation of a primary 3-dimensional matrix of anomalies of hydrocarbon
contents in the size 183.8x3 thousand pixel (in area extent) х 200 pixel (in profile
depth).

The 7 stage. Computer structurometric modelling and predictive
interpretation of characteristics productive formations

It is performed by results of previous stage of modelling stated in the item 6. It
includes computer processing (by number of formations) 3-dimensional matrixes
in the size 183.8x3 thousand pixel (in area extent) х 100 pixel (in profile depth):

7.1. Predictive computer modeling of productive formation thickness.
7.2. Predictive modeling of productive formation depth.
7.3. Predictive modeling of productive formation porosity.
7.4. Predictive modeling of productive formation permeability.

The 8 stage. Digital mapping of results of computer structurometric
modelling and predictive interpretations of characteristics of four
productive formations on the territory of the Mayor square. It is preformed
by results of the mathematical processing stated in item 7. Raster images in
the size 183.8 thousand pixel is converted to vector model in the size
30.7x25.1 cm (7.7 sq.dm) within the program " Surfer 8.04"
8.1. Creation of a digital cartographical basis of scale 1:30 000. It is carried out
by scanning a topographical map and adding results of thematic decoding of the
space image to its content:
8.2. Creation of digital maps of productive formation thickness.
8.3. Creation of digital maps of productive formation depth.
8.4. Creation of digital maps of productive formation porosity.
8.5. Creation of digital maps of productive formation permeability.

The 9 stage. Analysis of the maps made. Specification of the program of
finishing structurometric and cartographical works.

The 10 stage. Integrated computer structurometric modeling of
cost-effectiveness of industrial oil-field development.

It is performed by results of previous stage of modelling stated in
the item 8. It includes computer processing of four (by number of
formations) 3-dimensional matrixes in the size 183.8x3 thousand
pixel (in area extent) х 100 pixel (in profile depth).

The 11 stage. Synthetic computer estimation of cost-effectiveness
of location of prospecting and operational wells.

It is performed by results of previous stages of modelling stated in
the items 8 and 10. It includes computer processing of four (by
number of formations) three-dimensional matrixes in the size
183.8x3 thousand pixel (in area extent) х 100 pixel (in profile
depth)

The 12 stage. Digital mapping of results of computer
structurometric modelling and predictive interpretations of
cost-effictiveness of industrial oil-field development and
location of prospecting and operational wells.
It is performed by results of the mathematical processing stated in
items the 10 and 11. Raster images in the size 183.8 thousand pixel
is converted to vector model in the size 30.7x25.1 cm (7.7 sq.dm)
within the program «Surfer 8.04».

The 13 stage. Computer estimated predictive characteristic of oil
stocks by ranges of productive formation thickness. It is
performed by results of previous stages of modeling and
mapping, stated in the items 7 and 8. It includes computer
processing (by number of formations) three-dimensional
matrixes in the size 183.8x3 thousand pixel (in area extent) х 100
pixel (in profile depth).

The 14 stage. Preparation of an explanatory note about
performance of scientifically-practical work.

APPLICATION OF THE STRUCTUROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF AERIAL AND SATELLITE
IMAGES FOR THE FORECAST AND ESTIMATION OF HC POOLS AND MINERAL DEPOSITS
Testing of the Method

Application of the structurometric analysis of remote sensing data for the forecast and estimation of
hydrocarbon fields was tested on various aerial and satellite imaging data. Black-and-white, color, and
spectrozonal photographs and scanned, thermal, radar, and other images of the Earth’s surface including shelf
zones with a sea depth up to 200-400 m were used.
The practical testwork was conducted chiefly for the territory of the Russian Federation: West Siberia,
northern European  Russia, the Urals, the Volga region, North Caucasus, Central regions, Russian Far East,
and the Kaliningrad Oblast. In addition, the method was tested on the petroliferous regions of Kazakhstan,
Kirgizia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, US, Canada, Mexico, Paraguay, and Costa Rica.
In the course of work, the possibility to use the forecast models for the solution of diverse problems
related to the forecast and comprehensive characterization of license areas and individual oil and gas
pools was confirmed.
The structurometric analysis proved to be efficient for the strategic purposes such as the petroleum zoning of
large territories (regions, republics, and countries). A case in point is the forecast of the petroleum potential
of the Devonian deposits within the Astrakhan Arch, where   several ultradeep wells were planned to be
drilled.
The forecast maps and cartographic models created by the structurometric analysis technique can be used for
petroleum exploration in the vicinity of the existing, constructed, and planned gas and oil pipelines.
The discoveries resulting from this purposeful exploration can provide a significant alimentation to the fuel
flows and raise the economic efficiency of  pipeline operation.

Structurometric analysis enables a purposeful oil and gas exploration in regions deficient
in fossil fuels. An example  is the prognostic estimate of the petroleum potential of the Tula
Oblast. The obtained data can as well be used for the planning of underground gas storages.
A broad spectrum of the possible applications of  structurometric data is primarily due to
the fact that clients get ready-to-use informative materials such as photographic maps,
geological sections, tables, and other graphics rather than raw aerial and satellite  images, on
which  hydrocarbon fields are still to be found and the required characteristics are still to be
determined. All of them are created with a due regard to the consumers’ wishes and contain
the required comprehensive and fairly reliable forecast data sufficient to substantiate
the launching of prospecting, exploration, and other activities in any particular area
throughout the world.

This method requires no field trips or preliminary field surveys and can be applied
successfully even in the absence of geological or any other information. It can be applied
not only in mature petroleum provinces, but also in frontier regions of the Earth.

This unique method is particularly attractive for the clients, because its economic
efficiency is much higher than that of all customary methods, including gravity, seismic, and
magnetic surveys and exploratory drilling.
Using, in fact, nothing but remote sensing data even for a frontier (preliminarily
unexplored) territory interesting for the client, a rough-and-ready forecast of its
petroleum and mineral potential can be given and the volume, depth of occurrence, and
other parameters of mineral deposits can be estimated including the relative difficulty of
vertical drilling conditions and recommended well locations.
Another sphere of application of the structurometric analysis is the appraisal and
improvement of exploration data, including seismic and drilling data (extension). The
forecast of petroleum productivity in the Kaliningrad region can serve as an example. The
obtained data indicated the occurrence of many potentially petroliferous structures in that
territory, which could not be identified by conventional methods. Some of them are much
larger than the explored HC fields.
The Lukoil company furnished seismic and exploratory drilling data on a structure in which
a well (one of the four) discovered and tapped a presumably 10-meter-thick oil reservoir.

Our analysis showed a probable existence of two more thinner reservoir units within this
potential structure and a possibility to tap the lower unit by well no. 10 that had been
considered  dry, and another oil pool of commercial significance was identified to the west of
that structure.
The work on the territory of Eastern Kazakhstan proved the applicability of the
structurometric analysis to the exploration of thin stacked oil and gas reservoirs interbedded
with  multiple non-commercial HC-saturated beds.
It was confirmed later by the analysis of  multi-pay oil and gas fields in the Orenburg Oblast,
South Sakhalin,  and Komi Republic.
Another advantage of the method is the possibility to apply the structurometric analysis
procedure for offshore HC exploration. It was tested by predictive HC appraisal and
mapping  in the Caspian, Baltic, Japan,  and Yellow seas, near the western coast of Canada,
and in the Gulf of Mexico.
All our clients were satisfied by the forecast estimates. The geologists that adhere to
customary methods were often surprised and even fazed by the accuracy of the forecast, and,
being sceptic about the results, hardly ever accepted them.
The report on the investigation and analysis of geological structures at six well sites in the
Gulf of Mexico (under a contract between the Moscow State University and Global Drilling
Investigation Co Ltd., Gibraltar) was subjected to a particularly biased revision.  The final
report was submitted to a special examination.

Formerly, the scarcity of evidence for the successful application of remote sounding methods
in HC and mineral prospecting led many scientists to doubt the possibility to obtain reliable
and versatile data on mineral resources from satellite images.
Disagreement with such a skeptic point of view induced a group of scientists of the Moscow
State University to undertake the development of an original system of algorithms for the
structurometric analysis of multispectral satellite images with the purpose of HC and mineral
exploration and a comprehensive estimation of the deposits.
The structurometric analysis came into being several decades ago as a method of
geomorphologic interpretation of the aerial and satellite images of the Earth’s surface.
At present, the experience of investigations enabled us to establish a new mechanism for a
task-oriented recognition of various areal or structural features from remote sensing data.
A systems-based methodology of structurometric analysis was developed and a universal
methodology of computerized scientific analysis and forecast of the location and other
parameters of oil and gas pools and other geological objects located as deep as 10 km and
even more was created.

Fundamentals of the Structurometric Analysis of Remote Sensing Data.
The structurometric analysis, like seismic methods, is based on computerized interpretation
of seismoacoustic signals arriving from the Earth’s interior. Seismic methods employ the
signals produced by artificial seismic impact on the crust (explosions). Based on the analysis
of the travel times and patterns of the waves reflected from rock strata, seismologists
determine the depth of occurrence of rock seams with certain reflecting properties and
thereby predict the presence or absence of HC reservoirs.
The structurometric analysis is also based on the interpretation of the data related to the
travel of seismoacousting waves through the Earth’s interior. But this method, unlike
seismic sounding, does not require field surveys and does not exert a harmful active seismic
impact upon the Earth’s interior. The structurometric analysis is based on computer
interpretation of the natural seismoacoustic waves of the Earth, indirectly reflected in remote
sensing data.
The sources of these waves are the deep subsurface zones of the Earth, which emit
seismoacoustic waves continually, year by year. Upon reaching the Earth’s surface, these
waves transform it to a certain extent. Special computer analysis enables the determination
of the depth of signals arriving from rock seams with different properties and distinguish the
waves arriving from HC reservoirs.

The possibility to forecast oil and gas reservoirs from surface traces is provided by a
cumulative effect of seismoacoustic waves continually arriving from oil and gas reservoirs
over thousands and millions of years. Continuous radiation gives rise to more or less distinct
ring and linear structures and geopathogenic zones with specific geophysical properties,
reflected in remote sensing data.
However, all these phenomena, resulting from the influence of oil and gas fields, are
reflected on satellite images in a hidden, indirect form. Therefore, their recognition requires
a number of complex procedures of computer-based structurometric systems analysis.
The basis of the structurometric analysis of HC reservoirs is the recognition of the contact
between the pay zone and the caprock (the rocks in the roof of oil and gas reservoirs). The
zone of contact between rocks with different capacity for emitting seismoacoustic waves is
the main target of structurometric analysis. The recognition of this zone enables one to study
the changes in seismoacoustic waves as they travel through the contacts between rocks with
different physical properties and determine the depths at which these changes are detected.
Each contact zone shows an individual pattern of effect upon the surface, which is
superimposed upon the patterns of other contacts at different depths. Therefore, each part of
the Earth’s surface bears a vast number of ring structures and traces of the effect of the
Earth’s interior upon its surface. Consequently, the traces of effect of each rock seam on
satellite images are usually masked and indistinct, because each of them overlaps the effects
of other seams.

The objective of scientific investigation is the search of the criteria enabling one to reliably
distinguish the signals corresponding to petroliferous rocks and ignore a multitude of other
signals arriving from the rocks that do not contain oil or gas reservoirs in conditions of the
studied sector of the Gulf of Mexico. This is possible only if the structurometric analysis
employs specially adjusted fine computer procedures, which enables one to detect even the
weakest and disguised seismoacoustic signals, perform their computer processing, and
thereby determine the depth of occurrence, thickness, composition, and other properties of
the studied rocks.
The structurometric analysis becomes particularly difficult when applied, e.g., to offshore
areas, very deep occurrence of pay zones, and the stacked reservoirs within the presumably
petroliferous structures.
The seismoacoustic waves grow increasingly distorted and transformed with distance from
the source as they travel from the deep crustal levels to the surface. The extent of distortion
of the primary seismoacoustic waves depends on rock properties variation in the sequence
and the number of oil reservoirs. An increase in the latter leads to an increase in the
number of interfaces between rock masses with contrasting properties, reflected on satellite
images.

Brief Description of Analysis Procedure
The structurometric analysis of remote sensing, cartographic, geological, and other data
includes some complex technological procedures, new software, and sophisticated
intellectual resources.
The methods and techniques of aerial and satellite image processing, computerized
interpretation, and cartographic modelling are arranged into a single algorithmic system.
The system employs various software products: original program-algorithmic blocks,
commercial geoinformation systems, and special graphic modules that enable one to
combine conventional geologic mapping with a multiparameter three-dimensional graphics
etc. The whole integrated system of programming techniques and the main features of the
applied software are ORIGINAL and HAVE NO EQUIVALENTS IN WORLD
PRACTICE.
The necessity to work out and apply a wide spectrum of special sophisticated programs is
caused by the extreme difficulty of the recognition and reliable identification of HC pools
based on remote sensing data, which are not directly reflected in the structural features of
the Earth's surface.

Our experience of investigations suggests that it is impossible to obtain information related
to HC exploration by means of a single, even most complicated and universal program.
Therefore, a number of software module workflows were created. Application of these
workflows enables one to gradually pass from one task to another.
For instance, even the initial aerial and space image processing employs the following
software modules:
programs for preliminary gradation and structurometric correction of the picture field;
piecewise Fourier transform of the picture, enabling one to detect regions with the lowest
amplitudes of the harmonic components of the initial picture;
screening of the initial structural picture, i.e., its transformation into binary form using
the Evans algorithm that detects regions with a negative Gaussian curvature;
recognition of the background network of ring structures (numbering tens and hundreds
of thousands in a square kilometer), whose mutual onlapping and combinations produce an
intricate interference pattern;
matched filtering of the binary structural picture aimed at the recognition of ring and
elliptical structures corresponding to HC pools etc.

Estimations of Undiscovered Resources of Hydrocarbon Raw.
An estimation of undiscovered resources of hydrocarbon raw is realized in three steps.
Each of the step differs from others, having a different level of both detailedness of the
initial space information, and, hence, detailedness of the resulting estimations.
On the preliminary stage of research, the reference space data of 1: 200000 -1:1000000
scale (MSU-SK instrument, "RESURS-O" satellite [3-5]) is used. The data prosessing
results in:
• estimation total productivity of oil resources for a specified territory, with a preliminary
estimation of oil reserves (mill, ton), gas (bill.cu.m.), gas
condensate (mill, ton);
• pre-forecast (first-step iteration) of the potential area of fields, containing hydrocarbon
raw, with estimations of:
- sizes of oil, gas and condensed gas deposits (mill, ton; bill.cu.m.);
- depths (relative and absolute values) of productive strata (m);
- thickness of strata(m);
- concentration of hydrocarbons per stratum (%).

At licencing activity of plots, the reference space data of 1:50000 -. 1:1000000 scale (MSU-
E instrument, "RESURS-O" [3-5]) is processed. As a result, the following information is
available:
• forecast (second iteration) of potential structures, containing hydrocarbon raws, with
estimated:
- boundaries of potential pays (commercial deposits);
- volumes of oil, gas and condensed gas deposits (mill, ton; bill.cu.m.);
- depths (relative and absolute values) of productive stratum roofs (m);
- thickness of strata(m);
- concentration of hydrocarbons per stratum (%);
- quality properties of hydrocarbon raws (density, content of sulfur, paraffin's, etc.).

To ensure drilling operations, at the preparation activity phase the reference data of
1: 5000 - 1: 10000 scale (MK-4, KFA-1000 instruments, "RESURS-F" [6, 7]) must be
processed. The activities will result in:
• forecast (third iteration) of potential structures, containing hydrocarbon raws, with
estimated:
- precise boundaries of potential pays (for each productive stratum);
- volumes of oil, gas and condensed gas deposits (mill, ton; bill.cu.m.) - total and for
each productive stratum;
- depths (relative and absolute values) of productive stratum roofs (m);
- thickness of each stratum (m);
- the concentration of hydrocarbon for each stratum (%);
-quality properties of hydrocarbon raws (density, content of sulfur, paraffins, etc.) for each
stratum and a specified unit of explored structures;
• recommendations on the arrangement of drill holes with taking into account the
above estimations and a forecast on environment and on-site geophysical conditions
(including effect of fractures and geo-nosogenic structures, occurence
of local seismicity regions, geochemical anomalies etc.)

Validation of the Technique for Oil, Gas and Minerals Exploration.
The efficiency of the proposed technique was validated with tjie results of a pilot ground
survey of a territory within the Satinsk range (Kaluga oblast, Russia) of Geographical
faculty of Lomonosov MGU Kaluga oblast, Russia) (fig. I). At present, -it should be
emphasized as an advantage of the technique- it is already essentially developed and has
passed a serious tests during the imagery analysis executed for a number of regions in
Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast, fig. 2-3, table 1-2), east Kazakhstan and Canada. Such a
domestic oil giant as LookOil company has shown her interest to the technique. By order of
that company a’ detail mapping was carried out for the company's territories that confirmed
the deposits, found out early, and revealed new beddings and flat-lying stratums of oil.

Results of the relief mapping of parent
materials, a territory within the Satinsk
range (Kaluga oblast, Russia) of
Geographical faculty 'of Lomonosov MGU,
on the basis of a picture of annular
structures:
a - current relief in the topographic map of
1:10 000 scale;
б - parrent relief in the topographic map of
1:25 000 scale, resulted from drilling data;
в - parrent relief, designed by Yu.I.
Fivenskiy under the annular structures.
Fig. 1

So, there are potential
customers for space prospecting
information, acquired by
specialized facilities and
properly processed. The
submitted technique for
structural analysis is a validated
tool that is available to meet the
market requirements.
 3-13 sites, recommended for
wells (if 13 wells - 53.7%
recovery of deposits). 5 and B
are the top-priority sites,
recommended for wells.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2

Onboard Spectrometric System' for Prospecting.
So far, the said technique was tested mainly on the aero-survey data. However, the technique
will provide higher cost efficiency if it uses space information of earth remote sensing
systems. The higher spatial and spectral resolution of satellite imagery is, the more
sophisticated structure analysis of beddings and, hence, the more accurate forecast and
estimations of natural resources will be available under the technique. Being based on the
space survey data only, the approach will give an opportunity to solve the economic problems
mentioned above (in particular, exploration and estimation of the sizes of oil-and-gas fields
and other mineral deposits), with no expensive and inefficient gound-based prospecting
operations.
Since 1998, within the framework of the Russia Federal Space Program, activities on
development of an onboard spectrometric system for prospecting have being carried out.

Structurometric analysis of
aerial and space photographs
for the purpose of forecast and
estimation of hydrocarbon fields
is based on the patent No 02-
Д/02 'Minor ring-shaped
structures of friable deposits of
the Earth's crust'.

INTRODUCTION OF NEW INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY
(structure-metric method)
FOR PREDICTIVE ESTIMATION
of NATURAL RESOURCES,
On the basis of the system computer analysis of figures of earth remote
sensing and use of properties of small ring structures

Stated below concrete results illustrate application of new technology:
1. Under the request of company " Lukoil " a test development, under their application of a single-layer
"Olympic" structure of the Kaliningrad area of Russia (Fig.1) is executed.
Fig.1

On fig. 2 results of our forecast of a deposit of this layer which detail of study essentially differs, and the
resulted depth of occurrence corresponds to results of drilling.
fig. 2

Besides that through our research it has been shown, that «Olympic» structure is double-layer and
the second layer is on 10-12 meters below the upper a productive layer (as customers
considered - the only thing).
We have revealed also, that their second, so-called "empty" well №3 has appeared to be productive
after additional drilling. These materials are presented by us (Sadovnichij V.A., Utkin V.F.,
Zhukov V.T., Lazarev G.E., Fivenskij J.I., etc.) in the report on small satellites in USA.
fig. 3

2. Under the request of industrialists of the Mexican United States has been executed the
predictive estimation of deposits of hydrocarbons for area of two installed platforms in gulf of
Mexico. Wells, which had been drilled earlier by the customers up to depth of 6000 meters had
appeared to be empty. Depth of a sea gulf in these points reached 400 m. ( Fig. 4)
Fig. 4

Our predictive estimation of structures of each deposit has shown, that wells are drilled on the edge
of layers (Fig. 5).
According to our development both these, significant on resources, are four-layer structures, but the
drilled wells have passed outside of layers.
On Fig.5 is shown an erroneous position of well 1 and coordinates of a point 11
where it is necessary
to move the drilling platform .
Fig. 5

We have executed deep research of a deposit structure (a Fig. 6) and have shown its
multilayer structure.
On a contour A-B (the second section C-D has been also investigated) are shown all layers of oil field
Alak and two geodynamic fractures.
After studying the presented materials under the request of the Customer we had been developed another
four objects with definition of installation sites for platforms in gulf of Mexico.
Accounting materials have been passed to the Customer - to company «Global Drilling Investigation Co
Ltd » on six points where installation of drilling platforms is recommended (See the covering letter of the
Moscow State University concerning delivery of documents to the customer).

3. The comparative analysis of predictive estimation of hydrocarbon deposits of Timano-
Pechora oil-and-gas province (See Fig. 7).
Fig. 7

The subimage of this territory shows, that predicted with the help of structure-
metric method:
- Deposits in 18 cases from 20 confirm the structures reconnoitered by
geologists;
- The borders of structures revealed by us more detailed, than shown by
traditional geological prospecting which integrated cover some separate
structures; so for example borders of structures in the southeast №37 and №62
revealed by us and traditional geological prospecting completely coincide; and
two structures №12б and №43в, revealed by us, traditional geologists show in
one structure;
- Many new structures have not been revealed by traditional geological
prospecting;
Predicted by structure-metric method resourses of hydrocarbonic raw
material, in each deposit, are accompanied by a tentative estimation of its
volumes. The structures shown by traditional geological prospecting do not
contain such information.

4. Predictive characteristic of Vostochno-Vejakskoe deposit on the basis of structure-metric method
analysis of aerospace information (See Fig. 8). Map of the deposit and the structure A-B, noted on
this map.
Fig. 8

The traditional geological prospecting has detected borders of only one
dome of Vostochno-Vejakskoe deposit, which are shown on the map
by a continuous green line.
On the presented map it is given, developed by us predictive
characteristic of Vostochno-Vejakskoe deposit, convincingly showing
fuller and more detailed predictive estimation of a deposit.
On the map are shown the revealed new areas of the given deposit and
total capacities of layers of three productive parts of this uniform
structure stretching on a parallel more, than on 10 kilometers.

Also it is presented the geological structure of Vostochno-Vejakskoe deposit.
On the structure are shown effective capacity of productive layers and absolute
depth of occurrence of productive layers roof .
5. As an example proving high efficiency of a method of Small Ring Structures
for studying of a deep structure of an earth's crust, on fig. 9 are shown results of
structure-metric definitions on arid zone (sandy desert - the United Arab
Emirates).
On the figure are presented results of definition of depths of occurrence of the
basic lithologic borders of section of layers of sedimentary rocks in vicinities of a
geological well on a ring skeleton of a two-dimensional structure in length of 2,55
km and by width ±850 m, passing its axis through the well. An initial material -
the space picture Landsat-7 received in integral (izopanchromatic) zone with the
sanction of 15 m on district.
Structure-metric profile precisely records buried graben, not being reviled in
morphology of modern district. Besides attracts attention higher detail (in
comparison with a lithographic column of a well) of imagery thematically
significant litilogical borders of sedimentary rocks.
On the resulted profile it is shown, that if the well has been installed in 150
meters from drilled, water discharge could be essentially increased.

Thank you for attention!Thank you for attention!

Structure-metric method FOR PREDICTIVE ESTIMATION of NATURAL RESOURCES

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