This presentation shows the creation of a landslide vulnerability map. The latter is developed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing methods. Seven separate maps that include land cover, lithology, distance from road and hydrographic network, altitude, orientation and slope gradient in the study area, which is the Municipality of Pogoni in the region of Epirus, northwestern Greece, are created. Then, these maps are calibrated with weighting factors and combined with a linear method. In the final map, three landslide vulnerability zones, low, medium and high, are represented. The creation of this map may result in credible future location of infrastructure, identification of vulnerable spots and settlements and selection of the most appropriate and safer land use in the region.

1. National Technical University of Athens
Metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center
(M.I.R.C.)
School of Rural and Surveying Engineering
Interdisciplinary Interdepartmental Master of
Science (MSc): “Environment and Development
of Mountainous Areas”
Vulnerabi l i ty Zonat ion Mapping for
Lands l ides ' Oc cur rence Us ing GIS and
Remote Sens ing Methodology: A Case
Study in Nor thwes tern Greece
Kosmas Stampoulidis, Postgraduate Student
10th International Congress of the Hellenic
Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”
Thessaloniki, 22–24 October 2014

2. National Technical University of Athens
• Landslides
• Methodology
• Landslide vulnerability map
• Conclusions
2/17
Structure
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

3. 3/17
Introduction
Landslides:
characteristic of
mountainous
areas
Research for
identifying
sensitive areas
Contribution to
design of
development
strategies in
mountainous areas
National Technical University of Athens
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

4. National Technical University of Athens
• “Landslides” are defined as the external or internal movement of a mass
of debris, rock or earth down a slope (mountainside) [1]; [2]
• Certain factors leading to landslide occurrence [3]:
o Soil conditions
o Geomorphological processes
o Natural processes
o Anthropogenic processes
4/17
Landslides (1/2)
[1] Cruden, D. M. (1991). A Simple Definition of a Landslide. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 43,
pp 27-29.
[2] WP/WLI (International Geotechnical Societies’ UNESCO Working Party on World Landslide Inventory). (1991). A Suggested
Method for a Landslide Summary, International Association of Engineering Geology, 43, 101-110.
[3] Koukis G. and Sampatakakis N., 2007. Geology Construction. Papassotiriou Publications, 109-328 (in Greek with English
abstract).
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

5. National Technical University of Athens
a. (falls) b. (topplings) c. (spreads)
d. (rotational slide) e. (translational slide) f. (flow)
5/17
Landslides (2/2)
Figure 1: Types of Landslides [4]
[4] Varnes, D. J. (1978). Slope Movement Types and Processes. Landslides: Analysis and Control, Special Report.
Published by National Academy of Sciences,Washington, pp 11-33.
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

6. National Technical University of Athens
• Factors are likely to cause landslides [5]; [6]:
o Slope gradient
o Land covers
o Lithology
o Distance from roads
o Distance from hydrographic network
o Altitude
o Slope Orientation
6/17
Data collection and processing
[5] Budetta, P., Santo, A. & Vivenzio, F. (2008). Landslide hazard mapping along the coastline of the Cilento region (Italy) by means of a GIS-based
parameter rating approach. Geomorphology, 94 (3-4), pp 340-352.
[6] Yalcin, A., Reis, S., Aydinoglou, A. C. & Yomralioglou, T. (2011). A GIS-based comparative study of frequency ratio, analytical hierarchy
process, bivariate statistics and logistics regression methods for landslide susceptibility mapping in Trabzon, NE Turkey. CATENA, 85 (3), pp
274-287.
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

7. 7/17
National Technical University of Athens
Methodology (1/7)
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

8. 8/17
National Technical University of Athens
Methodology (2/7)
Digital terrain
model (GDEM)
Slope gradient
Figure 2: Vulnerability map due to slope gradient
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

9. 9/17
National Technical University of Athens
Methodology (3/7)
Supervised
classification
Land covers
Figure 3: Vulnerability map due to land covers
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

10. 10/17
National Technical University of Athens
Methodology (4/7)
Digitization of
geological maps
Lithology
Figure 4: Vulnerability map due to lithology
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

11. 11/17
Methodology (5/7)
Vector models
Figure 5: Vulnerability map due to road network
Road & Hydrographic
network
Figure 6: Vulnerability map due to hydrographic
network
National Technical University of Athens
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

12. Digital terrain model (GDEM) Altitude & Slope orientation
12/17
Methodology (6/7)
Figure 7: Vulnerability map due to altitude
Figure 8: Vulnerability map due to slope orientation
National Technical University of Athens
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

13. National Technical University of Athens
• For the seven individual maps are defined weighting coefficients [7]
according to Table 1:
Linear function
Rα=Σ Wi Xi
Cumulative
vulnerability
13/17
Methodology (7/7)
- Linear combination of maps -
Factor Weighting coefficients Percentage
Slope gradient 0,35 35%
Land covers 0,2 20%
Lithology 0,15 15%
Distance from road 0,1 10%
Distance from
hydrographic network
branch
0,1 10%
Altitude 0,06 6%
Slope orientation 0,04 4%
map
Table 1: Weighting coefficients of the factors
[7] Galanos I. and Kolokoussis P., 2010. Creation of hazard zones event landslides map in mountainous Naxos using the methodology of remote sensing
in GIS environment. 6th Interdisciplinary Interuniversity Conference of the NTUAand MIRC of the NTUA "INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF MOUNTAIN
AREAS" (in Greek with English abstract).
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

14. 14/17
National Technical University of Athens
Final landslide vulnerability map
Figure 9: Landslide vulnerability map for the Municipality of Pogoni
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

15. National Technical University of Athens
• Comparison with data from previous research projects on landslides in areas of
Metsovo [8] and Zagoria [9] (Diag. 1):
Metsovo
Zagoria
Pogoni
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Comparison to other regions in Epirus
Landslide vulnerability zones in regions in Epirus
21
71
46 43 50
8
24
33
4
Low Moderate High
Vulnerability level
Diagram 1: Comparison of landslide vulnerability zones in regions in Epirus
100
80
60
40
20
0
Surface (%)
percentage
[8] Farmakaki A., 2011. Vulnerability maps to prevent landslides. The contribution of NTUA to the integrated development of the Municipality of
Metsovo. Interdisciplinary Research Center (M.I.R.C.), National Technical University of Athens (N.T.U.A.), 185-198 (in Greek with English abstract).
[9] Verroiou k. and Stergiou S., 2013. Putting "brake" on landslides of Zagoria. The contribution of NTUA in the integrated development of Zagoria.
Metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center (M.I.R.C.), National Technical University of Athens (N.T.U.A.), 154-180 (in Greek with English abstract).
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

16. 16/17
National Technical University of Athens
Conclusions
• The methodology was applied:
o is a low cost technique which can be used in other
applications (e.g., precision agriculture)
o should be combined with spot checks by scientific experts
(high cost technique), for more reliable conclusions
• In comparison with neighboring areas, Pogoni is less
vulnerable
• High rate risk occurs in areas where anthropogenic
activities exist
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”

17. 17/17
National Technical University of Athens
Thank you for your attention!
Questions?
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”