A shell and tube heat exchanger consists of a shell with tubes inside it. One fluid runs through the tubes while another flows over the tubes on the shell side to transfer heat between the fluids. Common configurations include U-tubes and straight tubes arranged in single or multiple passes. Key factors that impact performance include the number of tube passes, baffle spacing, and fluid velocities, which influence heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops. Shell and tube exchangers are widely used in applications like engine cooling, boiler systems, and oil refineries due to their ability to handle higher pressures and temperatures.

1. SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
PRESENTED BY
Kushal Khadakkar
(Mechanical Engg.) 3Rd Year
(0506ME091018)

2. INTRODUCTION-
A shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of Heat exchanger designs.
It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and
other large chemical processes, and is suited for higher-pressure
applications. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists
of a shell (a large pressure vessel) with a bundle of tubes inside it. One
fluid runs through the tubes, and another fluid flows over the tubes
(through the shell) to transfer heat between the two fluids. The set of
tubes is called a tube bundle, and may be composed by several types of
tubes: plain, longitudinally finned, etc.

3. CONFIGRATION-
A shell-and-tube exchanger consists of a large-diameter pipe (on the
order of 12 nominal to 24 nominal and larger), inside a number of
tubes is placed (ranging from about 20 to over 1000 tubes!). One
fluid is directed through the tubes, and another inside the shell but
outside the tubes

4. WORKING-
If any two fluids, of different starting temperatures, flow through the heat
exchanger. One flows through the tubes (the tube side) and the other flows
outside the tubes but inside the shell (the shell side). Heat is transferred
from one fluid to the other through the tube walls, either from tube side to
shell side or vice versa. The fluids can be either liquids or gases on either the
shell or the tube side
Shell
Tubes
Baffle

5. TYPE OF SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER-
1) U – TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

6. 2) Straight – tube heat Exchanger- one
(pass tube exchanger)

7. 3) Straight-tune heat exchanger-
(Two pass tube-side)

8. OPERATING CONDITIONS:-
Maximum pressure
Shell 300 bar (4500 psia)
Tube 1400 bar (20000 psia)
Temperature range
Maximum 600oC (1100oF) or even 650oC
Minimum -100oC (-150oF)
Fluids
Subject to materials
Available in a wide range of materials
Size per unit 100 - 10000 ft2 (10 - 1000 m2)
Can be extended with special designs/materials

9. Selection of tube material:-
1 :- The tube material should have good thermal conductivity.
2:- The tube material also should be compatible with both the shell and tube
side fluids for long periods under the operating conditions
3:- The material should be corrosion less
4:- The material should be prefered should be copper alloy, stainless steel
carbon steel, non-ferrous copper alloy , Inconel , nickel , Hastelloy and
titanium.

10. 1:- Inside film coefficient changes with the 0.8 power of
the number of tube passes
2:- Pressure drop changes with the 2.8 power of the
number of tube passes
 Example:
Npasses hi p, psi
1 100 0.2
2 174 1.4
4 303 9.7
6 419 30.2
8 528 67.6

11. 1:- Shell fluid velocity is inversely proportional to the
baffle pitch (distance between baffles)
2:- ho increases with velocity to the 0.6 power
3:- p increases with velocity to the 2.8 power
P, inches ho p, psi
6 500 100.0
8 421 44.7
10 368 23.9
12 330 14.4
18 259 4.6

12. USE OF SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER:-
1:- Cooling of Hydraulic Fluid and oil in engines
2:- Transmissions and hydraulic power packs
3:- Water heating with steam
4:- Condensate cooling
5:- Boiler feed water preheating
6:- Cooling tower trim cooling
7:- Glycol cooling
8:- Oil cooling

13. Thank
you
Any question ?