1. Bell Ringer 3/1/06
“ We return. We return from fighting. We
return fighting.” (W.E.B DuBois)
What is this quote referring to?
Why did this quote prove to be true?

2. What was life like
during ?

3. Post War America

4. 1920’s Culture
 The flapper
 Short hair for women
 Dancing & Music
 Speakeasies
 Silent movies
“The Jazz Age was wicked
and monstrous and silly.
Unfortunately, I had a good time.”
Heywood Broun

5. How did technology impact society?
 15 million cars were sold
 80% were bought on credit
 A Model T Ford cost $290 in 1920
 20% of U.S. homes had electricity by
the end of the decade
 10 million families owned radios by
1929
 Shifting of America from a rural country
to an urban country

6. Leisure Time???
 Shorter work week and vacation time –
more free time to enjoy:
• Movies
• Reading
• Sports
• Music

7. Too much of a good thing????
 Mass consumption, changing values,
new technologies – are they always
good???
– Many said NO
– Harlem Renaissance benefited and
reacted against it

8. Harlem Renaissance /Jazz Age
 AfricanAmerican writers in NYC
 Well-educated
 Middle class group
– Alienated from society
 Spoke against the bigotry on the time
and pride in African American culture
 W.E.B DuBois, Langston Hughes, Zora
Neale Hurston, Alain Locke, Duke
Ellington, Bessie Smith

9. THE FLAPPER
by Dorothy Parker
The Playful flapper here we
see,
The fairest of the fair.
She's not what Grandma used
to be, --
You might say, au contraire.
Her girlish ways may make a
stir,
Her manners cause a scene,
But there is no more harm in
her
Than in a submarine.

10. Women in the 20s…….
 By 1929, made up 22% of the
workforce
 90% of married women did not work
 Work available to women were low
paying and of lower status
 Voted in 1920 election – not very many
participated
 Majority were not flappers, but were
helped by the technology
 Family size smaller, divorce laws still
favored men

11. Immigrants in the 20s ……
KKK
Quotas
Nativism

12. Struggle of OLD vs. NEW
 Prohibition
 Minorities
 Cultural Values
 Women
 Scopes Trial
– Modernization of society
– Religion not as important

13. Who’s Who
 Hand in:
– #1 Project
– #2 Sources
– #3 Rubric with your name on it!!!!

14. Harding vs. Coolidge
Harding (1920 – 1923) Coolidge (1923 – 1928)
 Former Newspaper  Laissez-faire
Publisher and not economic policy and
experienced in committed to
politics business interests
 Scandals – theft of  Small recession –
Veteran supplies, post war decline
fraud, Teapot Dome  1923 – 1929
Scandal (bribery business booming
and oil reserves) “Coolidge Prosperity”

15. Coolidge Prosperity???????????
 LargeBusiness prosper – Upper Class
prospers
 MiddleClass, Laborers, Farmers,
Native Americans, and African
Americans did not prosper

16. Election of 1928
 Hoover (Rep.) vs. Alfred Smith (Dem.)
 Hoover – secretary of commerce
- Self Made Millionaire
- Humanitarian
- Leader in war effort and post
war reconstruction
 Hoover won 84% of the electoral vote

17. Roaring 20s End
Great Depression Begins
What was the Great Depression?
 The worst economic crisis of the
century
 Over 13 million people unemployed
 “Dust bowl” as a result of drought
 Farmers lost crops
 Many lost their homes

18. What caused the Great
Depression?
 Stock market crash of 1929
 Unequal distribution of
wealth
 Excessive Buying on Credit
 Weak Business Structure
 Weak Banking Structure
 Inadequate Government
Policies
 Weak International economy

19. Stock Market Crash
 Many stocks purchased on speculation
– Panic sets in as they are forced to produce
the money for the loans
 Stock prices fell
– Panic selling
 Huge sums of money lost
Thursday, October 24, 1929
Stock values fell $14 billion

20. Unequal Distribution of Wealth
 No middle class
 Supply not equal to demand
 Credit cards created false demand

21. Excessive Buying on Credit
 Creates a false demand
 Under consumption
 People unable to make installment
payments, therefore stop buying

22. Weak Business Structure
 Business consolidation – makes a few
large companies for each industry
 Profitsand control were in the hands of
a few – fragile system

23. Weak Banking Structure
 No FDIC – No government regulation
 People pull money out – Panic
 Banks close with people’s money

24. Inadequate Government Policies
 No government regulation of stock
market
 Tax policies contributed to unequal
distribution of wealth
 Antitrustlaws were not enforced
 Federal Reserve Board made poor
decisions

25. Weak International Economy
 WWI and the Stock Market crash
effected the world
 No U.S. foreign investment – no money
to pay America back
 Foreign countries had no money to buy
American goods

26. What was life like
in the 1930’s?

27. Hooverisms
 Hoover Hog – armadillos that were baked in
the desert
 Hoover Flag – empty pocket turned out
 Hoover Blanket – Newspaper slept under
 Hoover Car – Abandoned Cars
 Hoover Bag – suitcase with holes
 Hoover Shoes – shoes with holes in soles
 Hoovervilles – shack towns of boxes and
crates.

28. “Hooverism”
 Hoover’s
response to the Great
Depression:
– Restore confidence in economy
– Promoted helping businesses to help
economy
– Reconstruction Finance Corporation
– Federal Work Projects to create jobs
– Halted war repayment by Europe
– Asked businesses to not lower wages or
prices

29. Failure of “Hooverism”
 No direct relief – damaged image
 Economy was continuing to spiral and
Hoover continued to say things were
improving
 “Bonus Army” - march on Washington,
disbanded by army

30. Dustbowls
A traveler noticed a nice new hat by the side of the road, and he stopped to pick it up.
Under the hat was a man, buried up to his neck in the dust! As he dug the poor fellow
out, the traveler asked if he wanted a ride into town. "No, I'll get there myself," the
man replied, "I'm on a horse."
(Excerpt from THE DUST BOWL by Tricia Andryszewski, p. 33.)

31. FDR’s New Deal

32. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
 Elected in 1932 with 89% of the
electoral vote
 Government experience:
– NYS Legislature
– Asst. Secretary of the Navy
– Governor of NYS

33. 3 R’s of the New Deal
 RELIEF of those who were suffering
 RECOVERY for the economy
 REFORM to avoid future depressions

34. New Deal Programs Outcomes
 Banking Emergency Act (FDIC) – restored
confidence, soon more deposits than
withdrawls
 Federal Emergency Relief Admin. (FERA) –
Helped to revitalize relief organizations and
encourage work
 Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) –
Taught men and women to be independent,
increased self confidence and self esteem

35. New Deal Programs Outcomes
 Public Work Administration PWA –
benefited America and American workers
 Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) –
Declared unconstitutional, did not raise prices
as hoped – just made people upset
 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) - cheap
electric power, flood control, and recreational
opportunities to the entire Tennessee River
valley.

36. New Deal Programs Outcomes
 Works Progress Admin. (WPA) –
decreased unemployment
 Social Security Act (SSA) - it did help
millions of Americans feel more secure.
 National Recovery Admin. (NRA) –
organized the relief effort, centralized
government efforts
 Rural Electrification Admin. (REA) –
gave several small farmers electricity

37. Wagner Act
 Also known as the National Labor
Relations Act (1935)
 Guaranteed labor unions the right to
form unions and to practice collective
bargaining
 Progressive Legislation??????

38. So What?

39. Father Central Bank, Silver
Coughlin backing of money,
increase circulation
Francis Government
Townsend Pension Plan
for Elderly –
no SSA
“Production for Use”
Upton – state ownership of
Sinclair land and factories

40. Table of Contents
#1 Outline/Concepts #16 Hoover vs. FDR
#2 Twenties Talk #17 Share our Wealth
#3 Sports Stars #18 FDR’s New Deal
#4 Who’s Who #19 You and the New Deal
#5 Roaring 20s Culture #20 Be a New Deal Worker
#6 The Automobile #21 No New Deal
#7 The New Woman #22 The S.C. and New Deal
#8 Roaring 20s Packet #23 FDR and the S.C.
#9 Great Migration
#10 Immigration
#11 Urban-Rural Change
#12 Roaring 20s Politics
#13 What caused the Great Depression?
#14 Hooverisms
#15 Images of the Great Depression

41. The New Deal and the Supreme
Court
 NRA – Schechter Poultry Corp v. United
States (1935)
– NRA codes were too much like laws
– Executive was legislating
– Declared unconstitutional
 AAA – declared unconstitutional
– Congress passed another similar law to
circumvent the Supreme Court.

42. The New Deal and the Supreme
Court
 Court-Packing
– Conservative Court did not follow FDR’s
plan
– Democratic President and a Republican
Court
– Proposed a plan to increase the number of
justices

43. Third Term Controversy
 Elected:
– 1932
– 1936
– 1940
– 1944
 Republicans accused him of breaking
the unwritten constitution
 After death, 22nd Amendment was
proposed to limit to two terms
 1951 – 22nd Amendment ratified

44. The Results
 Bank Failure

45.  Unemployment

46.  Lossof homes
 “Hoovervilles”
Here were all these people living in old
rusted-out car bodies. ... One family ... [was]
living in a piano box. This wasn't just a little
section, this was maybe 10 miles wide and 10
miles long. People living in whatever they
could junk together. ..."

47.  Depression

48. Did everyone suffer during the
depression?

49. “The only thing we have to fear
is fear itself”
Franklin D.
Roosevelt
“Our greatest primary task is to put people to work”

50. A Long Way From Chicago
By Richard Peck