2. Semantics is branch of theoretical linguistics that
deals with the meaning of words and sentences. It is a
sophisticated branch of knowledge that touches on many
.philosophical, psychological, linguistics, and aspects

3. Triangle of Meaning
: In semantics, there are three distinct element
The thing. It is the referred-to element, which exists. 1
. outside the mind and outside language
. The word. It is the symbol which refers to the thing. 2
The meaning. It is the concept or reference. It is the. 3
. image, attributes, or abstract entity

4. Linguists, however, have shown some disagreement on the inter-
relationship among the semantic trio. There are, for example,
words that do not refer to things, such as honesty, piety, fear , and
other similar words that symbolize abstracts. In this case, only
two elements, not three, exist; word and meaning .Another issue
is the type of relationship that exists among the trio; Is the word
.related directly to thing or indirectly through meaning

5. However, when the word has already been in existence, the
lines of relationship among the trio element may take
:different direction
thing meaning word. You see a thing , then you remember its meaning,. 1
and you remember its word.
2. meaning word thing. You recall a meaning, then its word ,and then
.thing
Word meaning thing. You hear a word, and then you remember its .3
. meaning and then its thing

6. Semantic fields
The field of continuous concretes. It is a semantic field. 1
of words that refer to concrete things , the classification of which
. is disagreed on, such as colors
The field of separate concretes . It is a semantic field of.2
words that refer to separate concrete entities, such as the
. semantic filed of plants or animals
The field of abstracts. It is a field of words referring. 3
to abstract concepts such as the semantic field of virtues, e.g. ,
. honesty, courage , and loyalty

7. Semantic field share several qualities. First, the words
pertaining to the field belong to the same morphological or syntactic
class. Second, the words of the same field are either related to concrete
or abstract referents. Third, the number of common features among the
words of the same field affects the number of member words, , i, e, the
.size of the field

8. Semantic featur es
A word may be looked upon as consisting of positive and negative
:features. The word hen , for instance
. is+ animate,+ bird, -human, +singular

9. Inter-Field
Relationships
.Synonymy means similarity in meaning of two words or more
.e. g. brave/courageous , rich/wealthy
.Antonymy means against meaning
e. g. big/small , hot/ cold

10. Inclusion a word may include another: A B but B
does not include A. For example, the first word in each
following pairs includes the other one, but not the other
.way round
.e. g. fruit/apple, animal/lion
Exclusion two words or more may be related to a field
.on equal footing or manner
.e. g. sheep, cow ,horse/animal

11. Totality the relation between words is a
. whole-part relation
.
.e, g, book/cover , car/ seat , head/face

12. Relative Meaning
There are many words in all language which are relative
in meaning. e. g. far/near . Small/large ,light/heavy. The
denotation of each word differs from a person to
another . What is far to You may be near to him . The
meaning also differs from time to time which the same
.person

13. From what you understand in this lecture ,
.answer this questions
Gave at least three semantic features for . 1
. each word
:_____________________A. Lion
:____________________B. Apple

14. :There are several ways to define word •
. Descriptive definition •
Here, a brief or detailed description is •
given . For example: the whale is largest
marine animal which may be thirty meters
long and five meters in diameter
Functional definition. The word is defined •
by its function
•

15. Demonstrative definition. The word is
defined by pointing to it
Rank definition.A word defined by showing
its position in an ordered series e. g.
Saturday comes between Friday and
sunday

16. Synoymous definition. The word defined by 
its synonym e. g. rich means wealthy
Antonymous definition. The word defined by 
antonymy e. g. rich is the yhe opposite of
poor

17. What is the type of the semantic relationship. 2
of each pairs: synonymy, antonymy, inclusion,
?exclusion, or totality
:______Love/affection
:______Ask/answer
:______Active/lazy
:_____old/young
:_____Saturday/Sunday
:______Body/hand
:_______Teacher/instructor