2. carlo vezzoli politecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . faculty of design . Italy Learning Network on Sustainability course System Design for Sustainability subject 1. Sustainable development and design: the reference framework learning resource 1.1 Sustainable development and system innovation

3. CONTENTS . a context in strong evolution (and crises) . the sustainable development . environmental sustainability . socio-ethical sustainability . economic/legislative sustainability . dimension and quality of change . system innovation for sustainability

4. A CONTEXT IN A STRONG EVOLUTION . advent of information and comunication technologies ( technologies of knowledge are at the based of productivity, competition and power) . interconnection ( people, ideas, images, goods, money, are circulating like never before ) . network society ( not anymore only divided into independent and isolated nations or communities ) . enterprises in network ( teamwork, networking, outsourcing, subcontracting, delocalisation, …) . …

5. A CONTEXT IN A STRUCTURAL CRISES (1/2) ECONOMIC CRISIS (AND SOCIAL) 2008-201X: [STRUCTURAL, NOT JUST FINANCIAL] . crisis of the industrial model based on material consumption: services (not products) produce 50% Europe GDP and 75% of U.S. GDP . high feedstock‘s prices . global food crisis . high global inflation . threat of a recession in the world . crisis of credit . crisis of confidence in stock exchange markets ... . unemployment

6. ENVIROMENTAL CRISIS: THE DISCOVERY OF ENVIROMENTAL LIMITS (AND IRREVERSIBILITY HARMFUL EFFECT) A CONTEXT IN A STRUCTURAL CRISES (2/2) 1972 : Meadows, Meadows, Randers, Behrens, Limits to Growth , MIT, USA > FIRST FORECAST OF A POSSIBLE GOBAL ECO-SYSTEM COLLAPSE

7. FACING THE DOUBLE CRISIS (TODAY): SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL 危机 : CRISIS ( 危 : RISK; " 机 : OPPORTUNITIES ') in Chinese (as in other languages), the word crisis has two meanings, risk and opportunity . many (rightly) talk about risks . we should/must (also) talk about opportunities [the same nature of design is to consider the opportunities and become its promoter]

8. WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMICAL CRISIS WHICH ARE THE OPPORTUNITIES? DO WE KNOW ANY OFFER/BUSINESS MODELS CAPABLE OF CREATING (NEW) VALUE DECOUPLING IT FROM THE MATERIALS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION? > significantly reducing the environmental impact of traditional production/consumption systems? [about opportunities] A KEY CONTEMPORARY QUERRY:

10. 2005-2014: UNITED NATION DECADE ON EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT integrate the principles, values, and practices of sustainable development into all aspects of education and learning even DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY starts to be diffused in the curricula of design schools EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL PRIORITY

11. THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A SOCIAL AND PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT that takes place within the limits set by the “nature” and meets the needs of the present without compromising those of the future generation within a world-wide equitable distribution of resources . 1987 : Our common future , WCED, ONU (first definition) . 1991 : Caring for the earth , UNEP, WWF, IUCN . 1992 : conference ONU, Environment and development , Rio de Janeiro . 1994 : fifth environmental action plan, European Commission … . 2002 : summit ONU, Sustainable development , Johannesburg . 2006/2009 : Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS) , European Commission . 2005-2014: Decade UNESCO “Education for Sustainable development”

12. ENVIRONMENTAL: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL - not to exceed the biosphere and geosphere “resilience ” SOCIO-ETHICAL - same resources ( satisfaction ) level for future generations - equity in the distribution of resources ( satisfaction ) ECONOMIC (AND LEGISLATIVE) - economically practicable and prosperous solutions THE SUSTAINABILITY DIMENSIONS

13. THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY [THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE] THE HARMFULNESS/IRREVERSIBILITY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS/EFFECTS

14. serra greenhouse effect

15. ozono ozone la yer deplation

16. eutrhophication

17. acidification

18. toxici ty

19. rifiuti wastes

20. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: ACTIONS PRESERVE THE RESOURCES PREVENT THE POLLUTION

21. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: SCENARIOS BIO-COMPATIBILITY resources flows compatible with the natural system NON-INTERFERENCE “self-financing” of the artificial system’s resource flows DEMATERIALIZATION reduction of the resources flows to satisfy a particular social demand of needs and desires

22. EQUITY PRINCIPLE [UN, Johannesburg, 2002] “every person, in a fair distribution of resources, has a right to the same environmental space, i.e. to the same availability of global natural resources” (or better, to the same level of “satisfaction” that can be achieved from these resources in different ways) SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION [EU, SDS, 2006/2009] “promotion of a democratic, socially inclusive, cohesive, healthy, safe and just society with respect for fundamental rights and cultural diversity that creates equal opportunities and combats discrimination in all its forms” SOCIO-ETHICAL SUSTAINABILITY

23. ERADICATING POVERTY THE SOCIO-ETHICAL DIMENSION: ACTIONS Rome, 11.2009: World Summit on Food Security, FAO

24. [. eradicating poverty] . promotion of principles and rules of democracy . promotion of human rights and freedom . achievement of peace and security . access to information, training, employment . respect for cultural diversity, regional identity THE SOCIO-ETHICAL DIM. : ( OTHER) ACTIONS

25. ECONOMIC PROSPERITY [EU, SDS, 2006] promote a prosperous, innovative, knowledge-rich, competitive and eco-efficient economy which provides high living standards and full and high-quality employment ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

26. PROPER ATTRIBUTION OF THE COSTS TO RESOURCES environmental resources’ costs “internalisation” ORIENTING (MAIN) ONGOING TRANSITIONS interconnection, glo calization, services, information, etc. ENHANCING PROMISING (OF NICHE) ECONOMIC MODELS e.g. sustainable system innovation or distributed economies ECONOMIC (LEGISLATIVE) SUSTAINABILITY: ACTIONS

27. IN 50 YEARS A WORLD-WIDE EQUITABLE SYSTEMS OF PRODUCTION AND CONSU M PTION SHOULD USE ~ 90% LESS RESOURCES THAN THE INDUSTRIALISED CONTEXTS ARE DOING TODAY SUSTAINABILITY: SIZE OF CHANGE . 1993 : Wuppertal institute,vari report . 1993 : WBCSD, Getting Eco-Efficient . 2004 : Meadows, Meadows, Randers, Behrens, Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update . 2007 : IPCC, Climate change report …

28. SUSTAINABILITY: QUALITY OF CHANGE PROMOTE (EVEN) SYSTEM INNOVATIONS RADICAL CHANGE (“DISCONTINUITY”) DIFFUSED INNOVATION PROMOTE PLAUSIBLE AND “ATTRACTIVE” (SYSTEM) INNOVATIONS

29. SYSTEM INNOVATIONS from the process and product innovation to the system innovation: innovation of the value production system as the mix of products and services that are together able to fulfil a particular demand of (customer) “satisfaction” “ A value system includes the value chains of a firm's supplier (and their suppliers all the way back), the firm itself, the firm distribution channels, and the firm's buyers (and presumably extended to the buyers of their products, and so on).” [Michael Porter, 2006]