1.1 sustainable development and system innovation vezzoli 13-14

Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
course System Design for Sustainability
subject 1. Sustainable development and design: the reference framework
learning resource 1.1
Sustainable development and system
innovation
carlo vezzoli
politecnico di milano . DESIGN dept. . DIS . School of Design . Italy
Learning Network on Sustainability (EU asia-link)
Learning Network on Sustainabile energy systems (EU edulink)

Carlo Vezzoli
CONTENTS
. a context in strong evolution (and crises)
. the sustainable development
. environmental sustainability
. socio-ethical sustainability
. economic/legislative sustainability
. size and quality of change
. system innovation for sustainability

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A CONTEXT IN A STRONG EVOLUTION
. advent of information and comunication
technologies (technologies of knowledge are at
the based of productivity, competition and power)
. interconnection (people, ideas, images, goods,
money, are circulating like never before)
. network society (not anymore only divided into
independent and isolated nations or
communities)
. enterprises in network (teamwork, networking,
outsourcing, subcontracting, delocalisation,…)
. …

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A CONTEXT IN A STRUCTURAL CRISES (1/2)
ECONOMIC CRISIS (AND SOCIAL) 2008-201X:
[STRUCTURAL, NOT JUST FINANCIAL]
. crisis of the industrial model based on material consumption:
services (not products) produce 50% Europe GDP and 75% of
U.S. GDP
. high feedstock„s prices
. global food crisis
. high global inflation
. threat of a recession in the world
. crisis of credit
. crisis of confidence in stock exchange markets
...
. unemployment

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ENVIROMENTAL CRISIS: THE
DISCOVERY OF ENVIROMENTAL
LIMITS (AND IRREVERSIBILITY
HARMFUL EFFECT)
1972: Meadows, Meadows, Randers,
Behrens, Limits to Growth, MIT, USA
> FIRST FORECAST OF A POSSIBLE
GOBAL ECO-SYSTEM COLLAPSE
A CONTEXT IN A STRUCTURAL CRISES (2/2)

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FACING THE DOUBLE CRISIS (TODAY):
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL
危机: CRISIS (危: RISK; "机: OPPORTUNITIES ')
in Chinese (as in other languages), the word crisis
has two meanings, risk and opportunity
. many (rightly) talk about risks
. we should/must (also) talk about opportunities
[the same nature of design is to consider the
opportunities and become its promoter]

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WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMICAL
CRISIS WHICH ARE THE OPPORTUNITIES?
DO WE KNOW ANY OFFER/BUSINESS MODELS
CAPABLE OF CREATING (NEW) VALUE
DECOUPLING IT FROM THE MATERIALS AND
ENERGY CONSUMPTION?
> significantly reducing the environmental impact
of traditional production/consumption systems?
[about opportunities]
A KEY CONTEMPORARY QUERRY:

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THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
A SOCIAL AND PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT
that takes place within the limits set by the
“nature” and meets the needs of the present
without compromising those of the future
generation within a world-wide equitable
distribution of resources
. 1987: Our common future, WCED, ONU (first definition)
. 1991: Caring for the earth, UNEP, WWF, IUCN
. 1992: UN conference, Environment and development, Rio de Janeiro
. 1994: 5° environmental action plan, European Union
. 2002: UN conference, Sustainable development, Johannesburg
. 2006/2009: Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS), European
Commission
. 2012: UN conference, Sustainable Development, Rio+20
. 2005-2014: Decade UNESCO “Education for Sustainable development”

Carlo Vezzoli
ENVIRONMENTAL: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
- not to exceed the biosphere and geosphere
resilience
SOCIO-ETHICAL
- same resources (satisfaction) level for future
generations
- equity in the distribution of resources (satisfaction)
ECONOMIC (AND LEGISLATIVE)
- economically practicable and prosperous solutions
THE SUSTAINABILITY DIMENSIONS

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THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
[THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE]
THE HARMFULNESS/IRREVERSIBILITY OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS/EFFECTS
. global warming
. ozone layer depletion
. acidification
. eutrophication
. toxicity
. waste
. …

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serra
greenhouse effect

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atmospheric concentration of CO2 increased about:
. period 1958-2012: 20% . period 1750 -2012: 40%
atmospheric concentration of CO2, metan (CH4), nitrous oxide
(N2O) are the highest registered through ice coring over the
last 800.000 years
www.ipcc.ch/report/
ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION OF CO2

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ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE
(global medium surface temperature, TMGS)
. Last 3 decades:
the warmers from 1850
. Las decade:
the warmest ever registered
www.ipcc.ch/report/

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SEA ICE EXTENSION (summer)
period 1970-2012: sea ice extension (media per year)
decreased about 3.5‐4.1% each decade
www.ipcc.ch/report/

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rise of sea level (global media):
. period 1901-2010: 1.7mm/year
. period 1993-2010: 3.2mm/year
AVERAGE SEA LEVEL (global media)
www.ipcc.ch/report/

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2100: FUTURE CLIMATE?
HOW THE TEMPERATURE CAN INCREASE?
[1°C increase in 100 years is worrying]
1-1,5°C
increase
4-7°C increase
without specific
interventions of
CO2 reduction
www.ipcc.ch/report/

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PRECIPITATION (AVERAGE)
10% decrease 10-20%
decrease
without specific
interventions of
CO2 reduction
www.ipcc.ch/report/

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SEA LEVEL (global media)
without specific mitigation actions the level will increase
about 0,8 m (global media)
www.ipcc.ch/report/

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ORIGIN AREAS OF GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG)

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ozono
ozone layer deplation

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eutrhophication

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acidification

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t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

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wastes

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ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: ACTIONS
PRESERVE THE RESOURCES
less and more renewable
PREVENT THE POLLUTION
less and more bio-compatibilite emissions

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ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: SCENARIOS
BIO-COMPATIBILITY
resources flows compatible with the natural system
NON-INTERFERENCE
“self-financing” of the artificial system‟s resource
flows
DEMATERIALIZATION
reduction of the resources flows to satisfy a
particular social demand of needs and desires

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EQUITY PRINCIPLE [UN, Johannesburg, 2002]
“every person, in a fair distribution of resources, has a right to
the same environmental space, i.e. to the same availability of
global natural resources”
(or better, to the same level of “satisfaction” that can be
achieved from these resources in different ways)
SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION [EU, SDS, 2006/2009]
“promotion of a democratic, socially inclusive, cohesive,
healthy, safe and just society with respect for fundamental
rights and cultural diversity that creates equal opportunities
and combats discrimination in all its forms”
SOCIO-ETHICAL SUSTAINABILITY

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11.2012: FAO
THE STATE OF THE FOOD INSECURITY IN THE WORLD
ERADICATIN POVERTY
THE SOCIO-ETHICAL DIMENSION: ACTIONS

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[. eradicating poverty]
. promotion of principles and rules of democracy
. promotion of human rights and freedom
. achievement of peace and security
. access to information, training, employment
. respect for cultural diversity, regional identity
THE SOCIO-ETHICAL DIM.: (OTHER) ACTIONS

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ECONOMIC PROSPERITY [EU, SDS, 2006/2009]
promote a prosperous, innovative, knowledge-rich,
competitive and eco-efficient economy
which provides high living standards and full and high-
quality employment
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

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PROPER ATTRIBUTION OF THE COSTS TO RESOURCES
environmental resources‟ costs “internalisation”
ORIENTING (MAIN) ONGOING TRANSITIONS
interconnection, glocalization, services, information, etc.
ENHANCING PROMISING (OF NICHE) ECONOMIC MODELS
e.g. sustainable Product-Service System (PSS) innovation
or Distributed Economies (DE)
ECONOMIC (LEGISLATIVE) SUSTAINABILITY: ACTIONS

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IN 50 YEARS A WORLD-WIDE EQUITABLE SYSTEMS
OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION SHOULD USE
~90% LESS RESOURCES THAN THE
INDUSTRIALISED CONTEXTS ARE DOING TODAY
SUSTAINABILITY: SIZE OF CHANGE
. 1993: Wuppertal institute,vari report
. 1993: WBCSD, Getting Eco-Efficient
. 2004: Meadows, Meadows, Randers, Behrens, Limits to
Growth: The 30-Year Update
. 2013: IPCC, Climate change report
…

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SUSTAINABILITY: QUALITY OF CHANGE
PROMOTE (EVEN) SYSTEM INNOVATIONS
RADICAL CHANGE (“DISCONTINUITY”)
DIFFUSED INNOVATION
PROMOTE PLAUSIBLE AND “ATTRACTIVE” (SYSTEM)
INNOVATIONS

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SYSTEM INNOVATIONS
from the process and product innovation
to the system innovation:
innovation of the value production system (of the
interaction among related stakeholders) and of
the mix of products and services that are together
able to fulfil a particular demand of (customer)
“satisfaction”
“A value system includes the value chains of a firm's supplier
(and their suppliers all the way back), the firm itself, the firm
distribution channels, and the firm's buyers (and presumably
extended to the buyers of their products, and so on).”
[Michael Porter, 2006]

1.1 sustainable development and system innovation vezzoli 13-14

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