1. 1. The diagram below shows one model of a portion of the
universe.
A) a heliocentric model, in which celestial objects orbit
Earth
B) a heliocentric model, in which celestial objects orbit
the Sun
C) a geocentric model, in which celestial objects orbit
Earth
D) a geocentric model, in which celestial objects orbit
the Sun
What type of model does the diagram best demonstrate?
A) the Moon B) Jupiter
C) the Sun D) the Milky Way
2. Which celestial feature is largest in actual size?
A) galaxy ® solar system ® universe ® planet
B) solar system ® galaxy ® planet ® universe
C) planet ® solar system ® galaxy ® universe
D) universe ® galaxy ® solar system ® planet
3. In which list are celestial features correctly shown in
order of increasing size?
A) The Earth actually moves around the Sun at a rate
of 15º per hour.
B) The stars actually move around the center of the
galaxy at a rate of 15º per hour.
C) The Earth actually rotates at a rate of 15º per hour.
D) The stars actually revolve around the Earth at a rate
of 15º per hour.
4. Why do stars appear to move through the night sky at the
rate of 15 degrees per hour?

2. 5. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram of the solar system below.
A) heliocentric model B) geocentric model
C) sidereal model D) lunar model
Which kind of model of the solar system is represented by the diagram?
A) The geocentric model no longer predicted the
positions of the constellations.
B) The geocentric model did not predict the phases of
the Moon.
C) The heliocentric model provided a simpler
explanation of the motions of the planets.
D) The heliocentric model proved that the Earth
rotates.
6. For what reason did the heliocentric model of the
universe replace the geocentric model of the universe?
A) heliocentric model B) tetrahedral model
C) concentric model D) geocentric model
7. In which type of model are the Sun, other stars, and the
Moon in orbit around the Earth?
8. Base your answer to the following question on the
diagram below, which shows the heliocentric model of a
part of our solar system. The planets closest to the Sun
are shown. Point B is a location on Earth's equator.
Explain why location B experiences both day and night
in a 24-hour period.

3. A) lunar eclipse B) solar eclipse
C) new Moon D) full Moon
9. The passage of the Moon into Earth's shadow causes a
10. Base your answer to the following question on The
diagram below shows the Moon at four positions in its
orbit around Earth.
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
An observer on Earth could see a solar eclipse when the
Moon is at position
11. Base your answer to the following question on
the diagram below, which shows Earth and the Moon in relation to the Sun. Positions A, B, C, and D show
the Moon at specific locations in its orbit. Point X is a location on Earth's surface.
A) A B) B C) C D) D
A solar eclipse might occur when the Moon is at location

4. A) unpredictable and cyclic
B) unpredictable and noncyclic
C) predictable and cyclic
D) predictable and noncyclic
12. Ocean tides are best described as
13. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents the Sun’s rays striking Earth
and the Moon. Numbers 1 through 4 represent positions of the Moon in its orbit around Earth.
A) 1 and 3 B) 2 and 4 C) 3 and 2 D) 4 and 1
The highest tides on Earth occur when the Moon is in positions
A) B)
C) D)
14. Which arrangement of the Sun, the Moon, and Earth
results in the highest high tides, and the lowest low
tides on Earth? (Diagrams are not drawn to scale.)
A) red shift in the light from distant galaxies
B) change in the swing direction of a Foucault
pendulum on Earth
C) parallelism of Earth's axis in orbit
D) spiral shape of the Milky Way Galaxy
15. Evidence that the universe is expanding is best provided
by the
A) hot.
B) cool.
C) receding from us.
D) advancing toward us.
16. A red shift in the spectrum of a distant galaxy indicates
that the galaxy is
A) expanding B) contracting
C) moving randomly D) fixed and stationary
17. Based on the red-shift data on galaxies, most
astronomers infer that the universe is currently
A) Foucault pendulum
B) phases of the Moon
C) position of the Sun at solar noon
D) geocentric model of the solar system
18. Evidence that the Earth rotates on an axis is provided
by the Coriolis effect and the

5. A) rotates on its axis
B) revolves in its orbit
C) is tilted on its axis
D) has an elliptical orbit
19. The path of a Foucault pendulum provides evidence
that Earth
A) rotates on its axis
B) revolves around the Sun
C) has a spherical shape
D) is inclined on its axis
20. The Foucault pendulum provides evidence that the
Earth