1. L.O: THE
SUN, CLIMATE, INSOLATION, SEASO
NS, OCEAN CURRENTS

2. The climate is the long term
weather that Earth has.
The Sun’s INSOLATION, Earth’s 23.5
degree tilt and large bodies of water
cause the climate.

3. INSOLATION:

4. The INSOLATION (SUNLIGHT) from
the Sun is the source of Earth’s
energy

5. The Sun gives off the entire
Electromagnetic spectrum of
energy….

6. Earth gets the visible light and heat
(infrared) and a little UV. Every
OTHER light is blocked by
atmosphere.

7. *Angle of insolation: the
angle that sunlight hits Earth’s
surface.

8. The angles of insolation can range
from 00 to 900.

9. Rays that strike at 900 are called
vertical rays (or direct rays).

10. Very hot & sunny places get insolation
(sunlight) at close to a 900 degree
angle.

11. Very cold places get insolation
(sunlight) at much less than 900 degree
angle.

12. *places with the most vertical sunlight
have the highest temperatures.

13. *As the angle of insolation increases the
intensity of insolation also increases
Angle of insolation

14. Which location is receiving the MOST
amount of insolation (sunlight): A, B, C
OR D?

15. A

16. Which diagram shows the angle of INSOLATION that would
produce the greatest intensity of INSOLATION at a location in
New York State?
•A
•B
•C
•D

17. D•A
•B
•C
•D

18. WHICH LOCATION WOULD RECEIVE
THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF
INSOLATION?

19. B

20. WHICH LOCATION GETS THE MOST
CONCENTRATED SUNLIGHT? HOW DO
YOU KNOW?

21. The greatest angle of insolation gets the most sunlight

22. ***the Only places between 23 1/2N
(Tropic of Cancer) &
23 1/2S (tropic of Capricorn) get
vertical rays.

23. *solar noon:when the sun is
at its highest point in the sky

24. ***AT solar noon the angle of
insolation of the sun’s rays are at
their closest to being vertical
(direct & concentrated)

25. Note:
Even at high noon, most
places is never get
vertical sun rays (rays at
exactly an angle of 90.

26. ***Only the places between the tropic of Cancer
(23.5 North latitude) & the Tropic of Capricorn
(23.5 South
latitude)get vertical (90 degree angle) rays.
That’s its always so hot down there

27. *June 21( summer solstice):
the sun’s rays are vertical
over the tropic of cancer.

28. *Sept 23(Autumnal equinox): the
sun’s rays are vertical over the
equator.

29. Dec 21(winter solstice): the sun’s ray
are vertical over the tropic of
capricorn.

30. *** on March 21(vernal equinox): the
sun’s rays are vertical over the
equator

31. If the model of location B represents the apparent path of the
Sun observed at the Equator, what is the date at location B?
• a. March 21
• b. June 21
• c. October 21
• d. December 21

32. If the model of location B represents the apparent path of the
Sun observed at the Equator, what is the date at location B?
• a. March 21
• b. June 21
• c. October 21
• d. December 21

33. The Seasons:
four different time periods of
the year with different
weather.

34. ***You must remember four
“SPECIAL” days: MARCH
21ST, JUNE 21ST, SEPTEMBER
23RD AND DECEMBER 21ST.

35. Mar. 21: vernal equinox (spring):
equator gets vertical rays

36. June 21: summer solstice : Tropic
of Cancer gets vertical rays

37. sept. 21: autumnal equinox (fall):
equator gets vertical rays.

38. Dec. 21: winter solstice : Tropic
of Capricorn gets vertical rays

39. *Earth has seasons because of its
23.50 tilt.

40. in June, when the Northern
hemisphere is “leaning” towards the
sun, it is summer….because

41. in December, when the Northern
hemisphere is “leaning” away from the
sun, it is winter…because..

42. What day is this?

43. What date is this? How do you know

44. What date is this? how do you know?

45. What date is this? how do you know?

46. What day is “B” and how do you
know?

47. “B” is JUNE 21st (the longest day in the northern
hemisphere. I know because the north is leaning
towards the sun.

48. What day is “D” and how do you
know?

49. “D” is DECEMBER 21st (the shortest day in the
northern hemisphere. I know because the north is
leaning away the sun.

50. What day is “C” and how do you
know?

51. “C” IS SEPTEMBER 23RD

52. “A” is MARCH 21ST.

53. WHAT DAY IS THIS AND HOW DO
YOU KNOW?

54. WHAT DAY IS THIS AND HOW DO
YOU KNOW?

55. WHAT DAY IS THIS AND HOW DO
YOU KNOW?

56. It takes time for things to
heat up.

57. Even though solar noon has the
greatest angle of insolation
1pm to 2pm is the hottest part of the
day…

58. *Even though June has the
most insolation.
July to August are the
hottest part of the year…

59. It takes time for
things to cool.

60. even though December gets the
least insolation.
This is why January to Febuary is
the coldest time of the year…

61. *Duration of insolation:
1.The length of daylight
hours (or how long it
takes the sun to move
across the sky).

62. The sun’s apparent path

63. Everyday the sun appears to rise in
the east, move across the southern
sky & set in the west.

64. On June 21st, the sun’s path is longest
during the summer solstice , so the day
is longest

65. *ON DEC 21ST, the sun’s path is
shortest during the winter solstice, so
the day is shortest.

66. *The longer the sun’s path, the
longer the day is.
What is the longest day in
New York state?
What day is the
shortest?

67. the longer the day, the more
sunlight an area gets.
What is the longest day in
New York state?
What day is the
shortest?

68. Please draw this picture, it will be on the regents

69. There are four important days that
you MUST know….

70. What day is “A”?

71. “A” is December 21st because the Sun
has a SHORTEST apparent path
across the southern sky.

72. What day is “C”?

73. “C” is JUNE 21st because the Sun has
a LONGEST apparent path across the
southern sky.

74. What TWO days might “B”?

75. “B” CAN MARCH 21ST OR
SEPTEMBER 23RD.

76. Which letter is December 21st? How do
you know?

77. “A” is December 21st THE Sun has its
shortest apparent path across the sky

78. Which letter is JUNE 21st? How do you
know?

79. “D” is JUNE 21st the Sun has its longest
apparent path across the sky

80. Which letter is SEPTEMBER 23RD OR
MARCH 21st ? How do you know?

81. “B” is SEPTEMBER 23RD OR MARCH 21st
because the Sun rises exactly EAST and sets
exactly WEST.

82. The sun’s path in New York
State.

83. Only between latitudes: 23 1/2N & 23
1/2S get vertical rays (900 rays)
In New York state (latitude: 420N):
On June 21st the angle of insolation is 71 1/20
On Mar 21 & Sept 23rd: 480
On Dec 21st: 24 1/20

84. this is New York
71 1/20 480
24 1/20

85. Remember this picture.

87. What is the latitude of this New
York State location? How do you
know?